SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 17
Download to read offline
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Jessica Elaine Cavazos Babcock
ISSUES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Researchers collect examples of language usage in
their naturally occurring environments and study them
in relation to the findings of other sociolinguistics
research work.
SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Is the study of language in society. Sociolinguistics is
the study of the linguistic indicators of culture and
power
WAYS PEOPLE SPEAK
Categorizing the ways people speak
IDIOLECT AND SOCIOLECT
Individuals speak in characteristic ways that may be
peculiar to them in certain circumstances we call this
idiolect. People often use language in ways that they
share with many other people: most generally we can call
these patterns sociolects.
STANDARD NON - STANDARD AND
CODIFICATION
Standardization is a process that is apparent in almost all
modern nations , in which one variety of a particular
language is taken up and promoted as the standard form.
Codification is a prominent feature of standard forms.
PRESTIGE, STIGMATIZATION AND
LANGUAGE LOYALTY
This is an important feature of sociolinguistics enquiry
, peoples attitude towards their own language often
affects the form of that language.
DIALECT, ACCENT AND LANGUAGE
PLANNING
A standardize variety is usually a regional dialect. A
dialect refers to the characteristic patters of words and
word- order which are used by a group of speakers. An
accent can also be standardize and stigmatize.
SPEECH COMMUNITIES
The way people speak often serves to define them as a
group
DESCRIPTIVE TOOLS OF LANGUAGE
VARIATION
Traditionally linguistics has categorized the different
dimensions of language as a rank scale from the
smallest units of individuals sounds or letters up to
the largest scale of whole discourses.
PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION
Variation in accent has provided the major focus of
sociolinguistics studies so far. This is because observing
and recording occurrences of individual sounds is much
easier then waiting all day for a particular word.
LEXICAL VARIATION
Depends largely on different lexical items being used
from region to region. Phrasal variations include the
Irish and Scottish is that you.. When an English person
would say are you finished .
LINGUISTIC VARIATION
The entire language can be treated as variable bilingual or
multilingual individuals can often move from one
language to another within a single utterance and
sometimes even with a sentence. This is called code –
switching
GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIAL
MOBILITY
Dialects within a language are often localized
geographically. We can speak of dialect chains where
the shift from one dialect to the next is not sudden
between one town or country.
IDENTITY
Not only do linguistic patterns signal social and
individual identity, but people conscious awareness of
their personal, ethnic, geographical political and family
identities is often a factor in their language use.
SOCIAL NETWORK RELATIONS
It has been recognized that the relative of relations
between individuals within a social group is also
important in understanding how linguistic features are
maintained, reinforced and spread.
WORKING WITH SOCIOLINGUISTIC
DATA
Collecting and analyzing sociolinguistic data
Interpreting sociolinguistic data Models and frame
work The teesside study

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Language contact
Language contactLanguage contact
Language contact
 
Sociolinguistics_April 15th, 2019
Sociolinguistics_April 15th, 2019Sociolinguistics_April 15th, 2019
Sociolinguistics_April 15th, 2019
 
Code Mixing
Code MixingCode Mixing
Code Mixing
 
Gander and age
Gander and ageGander and age
Gander and age
 
Language variation2003
Language variation2003Language variation2003
Language variation2003
 
Sociolinguistics chapter 4 introduction to sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics chapter 4 introduction to sociolinguisticsSociolinguistics chapter 4 introduction to sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics chapter 4 introduction to sociolinguistics
 
Language and context
Language and contextLanguage and context
Language and context
 
Sociolinguistics
SociolinguisticsSociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics
 
Sociolinguistics origins and definitions
Sociolinguistics origins and definitionsSociolinguistics origins and definitions
Sociolinguistics origins and definitions
 
Chapter 5.sociolinguisitcs
Chapter 5.sociolinguisitcsChapter 5.sociolinguisitcs
Chapter 5.sociolinguisitcs
 
Sociolinguistics language variations
Sociolinguistics language variationsSociolinguistics language variations
Sociolinguistics language variations
 
Generativism
GenerativismGenerativism
Generativism
 
Applied linguistics
Applied linguisticsApplied linguistics
Applied linguistics
 
Standardization
StandardizationStandardization
Standardization
 
Sociolinguistics Speech Communities
Sociolinguistics Speech CommunitiesSociolinguistics Speech Communities
Sociolinguistics Speech Communities
 
Sociolinguistics
SociolinguisticsSociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics
 
Language death and language loss
Language death and language lossLanguage death and language loss
Language death and language loss
 
Code Switching & Codee Mixing
Code Switching & Codee MixingCode Switching & Codee Mixing
Code Switching & Codee Mixing
 
Language change
Language changeLanguage change
Language change
 
Acculturation theory.pptx
Acculturation theory.pptxAcculturation theory.pptx
Acculturation theory.pptx
 

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (10)

What is sociolinguistics
What is sociolinguisticsWhat is sociolinguistics
What is sociolinguistics
 
Sociolinguistics
SociolinguisticsSociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics
 
Pragmatics
PragmaticsPragmatics
Pragmatics
 
Pragmatics
PragmaticsPragmatics
Pragmatics
 
Pragmatics presentation
Pragmatics presentationPragmatics presentation
Pragmatics presentation
 
Pragmatics
PragmaticsPragmatics
Pragmatics
 
Psycholinguistics
PsycholinguisticsPsycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics
 
Psycholinguistics
PsycholinguisticsPsycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics
 
Pragmatics (Linguistics)
Pragmatics (Linguistics)Pragmatics (Linguistics)
Pragmatics (Linguistics)
 
Pragmatics presentation
Pragmatics presentationPragmatics presentation
Pragmatics presentation
 

Similar to Sociolinguistics

Language and Regional Variations by Yule
Language and Regional Variations by YuleLanguage and Regional Variations by Yule
Language and Regional Variations by YuleRonald Suplido Jr
 
Sociolinguistics of group 6.pdf
Sociolinguistics of group 6.pdfSociolinguistics of group 6.pdf
Sociolinguistics of group 6.pdfVesalNoch
 
Language Change - Linguistics
Language Change - Linguistics Language Change - Linguistics
Language Change - Linguistics Deta Eka
 
Speech_communities_,social_&rejional_variation
Speech_communities_,social_&rejional_variationSpeech_communities_,social_&rejional_variation
Speech_communities_,social_&rejional_variationzahraa Aamir
 
ELEMENT 2 Linguistic focus Stereotypes
ELEMENT 2 Linguistic focus StereotypesELEMENT 2 Linguistic focus Stereotypes
ELEMENT 2 Linguistic focus StereotypesViviLi MH
 
language variation and change Presentation1.pptx
language variation and change Presentation1.pptxlanguage variation and change Presentation1.pptx
language variation and change Presentation1.pptxDESTAWWAGNEW
 
Social factors governing language variation
Social factors governing language variationSocial factors governing language variation
Social factors governing language variationZaraAnsari6
 
Phonetics: Varieties of English Language
Phonetics: Varieties of English LanguagePhonetics: Varieties of English Language
Phonetics: Varieties of English LanguageYamileth Urriola
 
Social variation in language
Social variation in language Social variation in language
Social variation in language AhedAlhariri
 
INTRODUCTION2 SOCIOLINGUISTICS.pptx
INTRODUCTION2 SOCIOLINGUISTICS.pptxINTRODUCTION2 SOCIOLINGUISTICS.pptx
INTRODUCTION2 SOCIOLINGUISTICS.pptxLailaAfridi2
 
sociolinguistics.pptx
sociolinguistics.pptxsociolinguistics.pptx
sociolinguistics.pptxtaha82m7
 
Acquisition, creativity, standards and testing
Acquisition, creativity, standards and testingAcquisition, creativity, standards and testing
Acquisition, creativity, standards and testingLaiba Yaseen
 
SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS.pptx
SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS.pptxSOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS.pptx
SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS.pptxLuna Mera
 
Language, dialect, and varieties
Language, dialect, and varietiesLanguage, dialect, and varieties
Language, dialect, and varietiesSari Kusumaningrum
 
March 21 - Culture, Language & Communication PartOne.ppt
March 21 - Culture, Language & Communication PartOne.pptMarch 21 - Culture, Language & Communication PartOne.ppt
March 21 - Culture, Language & Communication PartOne.pptFake474384
 

Similar to Sociolinguistics (20)

Language and Regional Variations by Yule
Language and Regional Variations by YuleLanguage and Regional Variations by Yule
Language and Regional Variations by Yule
 
Sociolinguistics of group 6.pdf
Sociolinguistics of group 6.pdfSociolinguistics of group 6.pdf
Sociolinguistics of group 6.pdf
 
Language Change - Linguistics
Language Change - Linguistics Language Change - Linguistics
Language Change - Linguistics
 
Speech_communities_,social_&rejional_variation
Speech_communities_,social_&rejional_variationSpeech_communities_,social_&rejional_variation
Speech_communities_,social_&rejional_variation
 
ELEMENT 2 Linguistic focus Stereotypes
ELEMENT 2 Linguistic focus StereotypesELEMENT 2 Linguistic focus Stereotypes
ELEMENT 2 Linguistic focus Stereotypes
 
language variation and change Presentation1.pptx
language variation and change Presentation1.pptxlanguage variation and change Presentation1.pptx
language variation and change Presentation1.pptx
 
Social factors governing language variation
Social factors governing language variationSocial factors governing language variation
Social factors governing language variation
 
Phonetics: Varieties of English Language
Phonetics: Varieties of English LanguagePhonetics: Varieties of English Language
Phonetics: Varieties of English Language
 
Social variation in language
Social variation in language Social variation in language
Social variation in language
 
Tt sociolinguistics
Tt   sociolinguisticsTt   sociolinguistics
Tt sociolinguistics
 
Ling1005
Ling1005  Ling1005
Ling1005
 
INTRODUCTION2 SOCIOLINGUISTICS.pptx
INTRODUCTION2 SOCIOLINGUISTICS.pptxINTRODUCTION2 SOCIOLINGUISTICS.pptx
INTRODUCTION2 SOCIOLINGUISTICS.pptx
 
sociolinguistics.pptx
sociolinguistics.pptxsociolinguistics.pptx
sociolinguistics.pptx
 
Lecture 1 ENGL1.pdf
Lecture 1 ENGL1.pdfLecture 1 ENGL1.pdf
Lecture 1 ENGL1.pdf
 
Acquisition, creativity, standards and testing
Acquisition, creativity, standards and testingAcquisition, creativity, standards and testing
Acquisition, creativity, standards and testing
 
SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS.pptx
SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS.pptxSOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS.pptx
SOCIO-LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS.pptx
 
Language, dialect, and varieties
Language, dialect, and varietiesLanguage, dialect, and varieties
Language, dialect, and varieties
 
March 21 - Culture, Language & Communication PartOne.ppt
March 21 - Culture, Language & Communication PartOne.pptMarch 21 - Culture, Language & Communication PartOne.ppt
March 21 - Culture, Language & Communication PartOne.ppt
 
Chapter 18
Chapter 18Chapter 18
Chapter 18
 
Standard Language
Standard LanguageStandard Language
Standard Language
 

More from Raul Vargas

Second language acquisition
Second language acquisitionSecond language acquisition
Second language acquisitionRaul Vargas
 
Psycholinguistics
PsycholinguisticsPsycholinguistics
PsycholinguisticsRaul Vargas
 
Focus on the language learner motivation , styles
Focus on the language learner motivation , stylesFocus on the language learner motivation , styles
Focus on the language learner motivation , stylesRaul Vargas
 
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysisDiscourse analysis
Discourse analysisRaul Vargas
 
Corpus linguistics
Corpus linguisticsCorpus linguistics
Corpus linguisticsRaul Vargas
 
Applied linguistics
Applied linguisticsApplied linguistics
Applied linguisticsRaul Vargas
 
An over view of applied linguistics
An over view of applied linguisticsAn over view of applied linguistics
An over view of applied linguisticsRaul Vargas
 

More from Raul Vargas (10)

Pragsmatics
PragsmaticsPragsmatics
Pragsmatics
 
Second language acquisition
Second language acquisitionSecond language acquisition
Second language acquisition
 
Vocabulary
VocabularyVocabulary
Vocabulary
 
Psycholinguistics
PsycholinguisticsPsycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics
 
Grammar
GrammarGrammar
Grammar
 
Focus on the language learner motivation , styles
Focus on the language learner motivation , stylesFocus on the language learner motivation , styles
Focus on the language learner motivation , styles
 
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysisDiscourse analysis
Discourse analysis
 
Corpus linguistics
Corpus linguisticsCorpus linguistics
Corpus linguistics
 
Applied linguistics
Applied linguisticsApplied linguistics
Applied linguistics
 
An over view of applied linguistics
An over view of applied linguisticsAn over view of applied linguistics
An over view of applied linguistics
 

Recently uploaded

The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 

Recently uploaded (20)

The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 

Sociolinguistics

  • 2. ISSUES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS Researchers collect examples of language usage in their naturally occurring environments and study them in relation to the findings of other sociolinguistics research work.
  • 3. SOCIOLINGUISTICS Is the study of language in society. Sociolinguistics is the study of the linguistic indicators of culture and power
  • 4. WAYS PEOPLE SPEAK Categorizing the ways people speak
  • 5. IDIOLECT AND SOCIOLECT Individuals speak in characteristic ways that may be peculiar to them in certain circumstances we call this idiolect. People often use language in ways that they share with many other people: most generally we can call these patterns sociolects.
  • 6. STANDARD NON - STANDARD AND CODIFICATION Standardization is a process that is apparent in almost all modern nations , in which one variety of a particular language is taken up and promoted as the standard form. Codification is a prominent feature of standard forms.
  • 7. PRESTIGE, STIGMATIZATION AND LANGUAGE LOYALTY This is an important feature of sociolinguistics enquiry , peoples attitude towards their own language often affects the form of that language.
  • 8. DIALECT, ACCENT AND LANGUAGE PLANNING A standardize variety is usually a regional dialect. A dialect refers to the characteristic patters of words and word- order which are used by a group of speakers. An accent can also be standardize and stigmatize.
  • 9. SPEECH COMMUNITIES The way people speak often serves to define them as a group
  • 10. DESCRIPTIVE TOOLS OF LANGUAGE VARIATION Traditionally linguistics has categorized the different dimensions of language as a rank scale from the smallest units of individuals sounds or letters up to the largest scale of whole discourses.
  • 11. PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION Variation in accent has provided the major focus of sociolinguistics studies so far. This is because observing and recording occurrences of individual sounds is much easier then waiting all day for a particular word.
  • 12. LEXICAL VARIATION Depends largely on different lexical items being used from region to region. Phrasal variations include the Irish and Scottish is that you.. When an English person would say are you finished .
  • 13. LINGUISTIC VARIATION The entire language can be treated as variable bilingual or multilingual individuals can often move from one language to another within a single utterance and sometimes even with a sentence. This is called code – switching
  • 14. GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIAL MOBILITY Dialects within a language are often localized geographically. We can speak of dialect chains where the shift from one dialect to the next is not sudden between one town or country.
  • 15. IDENTITY Not only do linguistic patterns signal social and individual identity, but people conscious awareness of their personal, ethnic, geographical political and family identities is often a factor in their language use.
  • 16. SOCIAL NETWORK RELATIONS It has been recognized that the relative of relations between individuals within a social group is also important in understanding how linguistic features are maintained, reinforced and spread.
  • 17. WORKING WITH SOCIOLINGUISTIC DATA Collecting and analyzing sociolinguistic data Interpreting sociolinguistic data Models and frame work The teesside study