19) Jan is the owner of a retail store, and is evaluating the need for changes to the store’s commission structure for sales personnel. She has decided to exclude the sales personnel affected from the decision making process. Jan is probably seeking to minimize this force of influence on the decision making process. A. Resistance from external stakeholders B. Self serving bias C. Resource availability D. Lack of political support E. Ethical considerations

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2) Critical thinking may be stored for use in future decision making. Examples of
mechanisms used to “store” critical thinking for future programmed decisions
include
A. a regression analysis
B. a Stakeholder Analysis
C. a Pareto Chart
D. pre-opening checklist
E. a SWOT Analysis
3) When facing a critical decision, a manager should use critical thinking in order
to ______ uncertainty
A. eliminate
B. increase
C. reduce
D. randomize

2. 4) Kathy is a manager deciding between two applicants for a position reporting to
her. One applicant for the position is a close personal friend of Kathy’s. Because
Kathy is concerned that self serving bias may influence her to incorrectly see her
friend as the best candidate, she should
A. allow someone else to make the decision.
B. eliminate her bias by not allowing her friend to apply
C. ignore her bias and be strictly objective
D. any of the above would be an equally valid choice from a
critical thinking perspective
E. seek input from others before making the decision.
5) Jane has a term paper due, a sick child who needs her attention, and a major
project due at work. To save time, she decides to submit a paper for school that is
less than her best, but will earn a passing grade. The best description of Jane’s
approach is
A. creativity
B. analyzing
C. satisficing
D. optimizing

3. 6) Despite all the measures followed, successful decisions are not always
guaranteed so it is important to
A. develop contingency plans
B. only allow the most senior leaders to influence decisions
C. use logical thinking to guarantee a correct outcome
D. accept that some decisions will not work and move on to other
issues
E. develop appropriate measurements for the impacts of
decisions
7) One way for a leader to develop alternative perspectives for decision making is
to
A. increase the use of the logical thinking style
B. rely on the intellectual component of stereotyping
C. apply past decision successes to current decision opportunities
D. increase the homogeneity of his or her team
E. consult with internal stakeholders in other departments
8) One way for a leader to develop alternative perspectives for decision making is
to
A. assign the role of devil’s advocate for meetings

4. B. rely on the intellectual component of stereotyping
C. apply past decision successes to current decision opportunities
D. increase the homogeneity of his or her team
E. increase the use of the logical thinking style
9) Critical thought involves the consideration of diverse perspectives.
Disadvantages of group decision making include
A. a decision that accounts for the interests of diverse
stakeholders
B. all of the above are disadvantages of group decision making
C. a more autocratic environment
D. a process that is more time consuming
E. increased security of confidential information
10) During problem formulation, the decision maker must account for the
interests of diverse stakeholders. An important step toward this outcome is the
establishment of
A. measurements for the decision
B. decision Implementation Processes

5. C. criteria, goals, and objectives
D. timelines and resource allocations
E. contingency plans
11) The outcome of the process of framing the problem includes
A. a timeline for decision implementation
B. an assessment of resources needed to execute a decision
C. a list of criteria, goals, and objectives for a decision
D. a list of potential alternative courses of action
E. the measurements one will use to evaluate the decision
12) Conflict is a force of influence upon decision making, and may hamper
decision implementation if not accounted for in the problem formulation and
identification process. Conflict may stem from such factors as
A. inspirational leadership
B. routine programmed decisions
C. groupthink
D. personal attributes
E. a lack of a devil’s advocate

6. 13) What is the most comprehensive definition of a problem?
A. A positive situation that requires action in order to fully
leverage an opportunity.
B. A declining economy resulting in reduced revenues
C. A negative situation that requires action to mitigate damage
D. Gap between current situation and some future desired state
E. An increase in the cost of doing business.
14) This thinking style may be used to frame a problem in general terms through
the use of sample data.
A. Deductive logical style
B. Creative thinking style
C. Inductive logical style
D. Persuasive thinking style
E. All of the above thinking styles frame a problem in general
terms through the use of sample data.
15) A form of critical thinking is fair-minded persuasive thinking. When engaging
in problem formulation and identification with a group, the fair minded persuader
would
A. emphasizes affective appeals over data and reason
B. acknowledges the difficulty that his or her position creates for
the audience
C. avoid all affective appeals

7. D. communicate only that information which supports the
desired decision
E. emphasize data and reason over affective appeals
16) While this decision style offers an opportunity for stakeholder input, it most
lessens accountability for decision making.
A. Democratic
B. Consensus
C. Autocratic
D. Collaborative/participative
E. Leader decides
17) An appropriate profit relative to funds invested would be a primary
consideration of this stakeholder group.
A. Employees
B. Customers
C. Owners
D. Activist groups
18) Problems may become apparent to stakeholders through the use of tools
which compare actual results to expected results. An example of such a tool is a
A. SWOT analysis
B. Pareto chart

8. C. Financial report
D. Fishbone diagram
E. Force Field Analysis
19) Jan is the owner of a retail store, and is evaluating the need for changes to the
store’s commission structure for sales personnel. She has decided to exclude the
sales personnel affected from the decision making process. Jan is probably
seeking to minimize this force of influence on the decision making process.
A. Resistance from external stakeholders
B. Self serving bias
C. Resource availability
D. Lack of political support
E. Ethical considerations
20) Identifying programmed decision opportunities—problems with objectively
correct answers, solvable through the use of simple rules, policies, or numerical
computations—promises this benefit in terms of decision making.
A. Ensures that problems are dealt with in a unique fashion
according to their differences
B. Provides decision makers with opportunities for creative
problem solving
C. Greater efficiency

9. D. Provides senior managers with greater visibility to each routine
decision made
E. Ensures that multiple solutions are applied to common
problems in order to find the best one
21) Identifying programmed decision opportunities—problems with objectively
correct answers, solvable through the use of simple rules, policies, or numerical
computations—promises this benefit in terms of decision making.
A. Ensures that problems are dealt with in a unique fashion
according to their differences
B. Provides decision makers with opportunities for creative
problem solving
C. Provides decision makers with helpful tools
D. Provides senior managers with greater visibility to each routine
decision made.
22) For urgent decisions, this approach may be the most efficient and effective
use of the manager’s time when there are other critical competing priorities.
A. Experimenting
B. Optimizing
C. Satisficing
D. Brainstorming and multi-voting with a team

10. E. Creation of a task force
23) A decision tool that can be helpful in identifying risks to contemplated
decisions is
A. a Force Field Analysis
B. a histogram
C. a Pareto chart
D. a periodic table
E. a Fishbone diagram
24) When a manager is attempting to identify root causes, the following tool may
be helpful:
A. SWOT analysis
B. Fishbone diagram
C. Force field analysis
D. profit and loss statements
E. Financial Balance sheet
25) The manager of the Gallery Restaurant noted that the restaurant had
experienced a decrease in the number of evening customers. The manager

11. promptly ordered the chef to rewrite the evening menu. Customer feedback later
indicated that the problem had not been the menu but poor service from the wait
staff. The manager's decision to have the menu revised suggests that she failed to
A. properly diagnose the cause of the problem
B. identify the problem
C. evaluate the decision and its consequences
D. evaluate the alternatives and consequences
26) In the course of developing a SWOT analysis, Bob determines that a large
competitor is moving into one of his company’s key service areas. Bob has
uncovered
A. a weakness
B. a positive trigger point
C. a strength
D. a threat
E. an opportunity
27) When deciding between decision alternatives, this tool helps the manager to
focus scarce resources on the most common causes of a problem.
A. Venn Diagram
B. Pareto chart

12. C. Benchmarking
D. SWOT analysis
E. Force Field Analysis
28) The best way to mitigate employee resistance to a decision is to
A. write clear policies outlining permitted and forbidden actions
B. clearly communicate the “who what when and why” during
implementation
C. ensure that all employee concerns are fully solved for in every
decision
D. establish clear penalties for non compliance with decisions
E. limit influence over decisions to senior leadership
29) Freda is in the process of implementing a significant decision. Which of the
following considerations should she ignore?
A. Measurements of potential tasks
B. Timelines to implement the decision
C. Stakeholder resistance to certain options
D. Decision alternatives to be framed

13. 31) Freda is analyzing the prospects for a new gambling casino that her company
is considering. In the course of her analysis, Freda has identified potential
stakeholder resistance to this venture, in that she has discovered that the areas is
very densely populated with houses of worship. She has also discovered a
potential source of support for this venture, in that the local government has
established tax credits for new businesses in an effort to stimulate employment.
Freda is, in all likelihood, developing a
A. financial proforma income statement
B. resource allocation survey
C. Scatter diagram
D. Force Field Analysis
E. ROI analysis
32) The assignment of different tasks to different people or groups is an
important part of a(n)
A. Force Field Analysis
B. statistical process control chart
C. benchmarking project
D. strategic plan
E. implementation plan

14. 33) Since unforeseen circumstances will arise during implementation, a company
should invest resources in teaching employees to
A. be consistent in their actions
B. stay the course in spite of any difficulty
C. follow direction
D. follow the plan to the letter
E. make decisions
34) The moral principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of
business are called
A. business development
B. business ethics
C. business philosophy
D. business principles
35) A system of rules that governs the ordering of values is referred to as
A. Corporate legitimacy
B. Justice

15. C. Ethics
D. DFE
36) Markus worked last summer as a receptionist in a lawyer's office. During a
discussion prompted by the ethics chapter in your text, he commented that he
was asked to tell callers that the lawyer was in court when in fact the lawyer was
playing golf! He eventually quit the job because he believes that under no
circumstance is it permissible to tell a lie. Markus appears to be following the
ethical system referred to as a
A. Virtue Ethics
B. Practical Deliberation
C. utilitarianism
D. rule or deontological ethics
E. the Taylor Principles
37) Bob’s company regularly surveys employees concerning satisfaction with
various attributes of their jobs, and their working conditions. This allows Bob to
watch for positive or negative changes in measured satisfaction levels when
decisions are made to change the nature of work or compensation in order to
increase retention. Bob is applying this thinking style to evaluate his decisions.
A. Creative thinking

16. B. Metaphorical thinking
C. Persuasive thinking
D. Deductive logical thinking
E. Scientific thinking
38) The objective to “reduce rework significantly within 6 months” is not
sufficiently meaningful nor measurable because it is not sufficiently
A. time bound
B. important
C. specific
D. achievable
E. relevant
39) A measurement that evaluates the amount of inputs used to achieve outputs
is a measure of
A. organizational efficiency
B. organizational stability
C. organizational precision
D. organizational fluctuation
E. organizational effectiveness

17. 40) When evaluating the decision processes in an organization, leaders will bear
in mind that
A. poor decisions never work out well
B. a good job of framing the problem guarantees a successful
decision
C. not all good decisions have good outcomes
D. stakeholders must all be satisfied
E. a good decision is one that has a good outcome
41) When evaluating the decision processes in an organization, leaders should
consider doing which of the following?
A. Ensure that the process is consistent for all significant
decisions.
B. Ensure that all of a company’s stakeholders provide input all of
a company’s decisions.
C. Make sure to focus on results of the decision rather than the
process.
D. Make sure the process is sufficiently autocratic.Make sure the
process is sufficiently autocratic.Make sure the process is sufficiently autocratic.
E. Make a list of those affected by the decision, and determine if
those interests are represented in the process under consideration.

18. 42) As noted in our texts, a key measurement of our decisions is: “are they
ethical.” In order to achieve a superior level of ethical behavior in its decision
making processes, leaders should instill a(n) ______ in those charged with making
decisions.
A. legal approach to ethical considerations
B. integrity based approach to ethical considerations
C. compliance based approach to ethical considerations
D. utilitarian approach to ethical considerations