WEARABLE BIOSENSORS H.S.RAJU

INTRODUCTION WEARABLES Objects that can be worn on body Ex: wrist watches, rings, clothes, spectacles, etc,. BIOSENSORS Detects analyte Biological component Physiochemical component WEARABLE BIOSENSORS = WEARABLES + BIOSENSORS

WEARABLES

Objects that can be worn on body

Ex: wrist watches, rings, clothes, spectacles, etc,.

BIOSENSORS

Detects analyte

Biological component

Physiochemical component

WEARABLE BIOSENSORS Fig 1: Photograph of ring sensor, size of the top board is 0.8 x 0.8 inch.

COMPONENTS Sensitive Biological Element Transducer Associated Electronics Fig2: Schematic diagram showing main components of a biosensor.

Sensitive Biological Element

Transducer

Associated Electronics

WORKING Fig 3: Working of Biosensor a – analyte b – Interferent c – immobilized biological molecule d – Biospecific immobilization surface e – chemical signal f - transducer g – amplification and control unit h – output of measured analyte

OPERATION WITHOUT BIOSENSORS

WITHOUT BIOSENSORS

OPERATION WITH BIOSENSORS

WITH BIOSENSORS

TYPES OF BIOSENSORS Calorimetric biosensors Potentiometric biosensors Amperometric biosensors Optical biosensors Piezo-electric biosensors Immunosensors

Calorimetric biosensors

Potentiometric biosensors

Amperometric biosensors

Optical biosensors

Piezo-electric biosensors

Immunosensors

MANUFACTURING OF BIOSENSORS Making of Base Electrode Developing the Transducer for the reaction Producing Individual Biosensors

Making of Base Electrode

Developing the Transducer for the reaction

Producing Individual Biosensors

DEVELOPMENTS Ring Sensor Smart Shirt

Ring Sensor

Smart Shirt

RING SENSOR Monitors heart rate and oxygen saturation It is a pulse oximetry sensor. Is mainly based on optical biosensors. CR2032 Battery ATmel ATmega 128L processor LED’S and photodiodes. Microprocessor (inside) Battery Transmitter

Monitors heart rate and oxygen saturation

It is a pulse oximetry sensor.

Is mainly based on

optical biosensors.

CR2032 Battery

ATmel ATmega 128L

processor

Continuous monitoring. Easy to use. Reducing hospitalization fee. Initial cost is high. Limited number of physiological parameters can be monitored Advantages Disadvantages

Continuous monitoring.

Easy to use.

Reducing hospitalization fee.

Initial cost is high.

Limited number of physiological parameters can be monitored

SMART SHIRT

Easy to wear and take off. Continuous monitoring. Initial cost is high. Battery life is less. Advantages Disadvantages

Easy to wear and take off.

Continuous monitoring.

Initial cost is high.

Battery life is less.

APPLICATIONS Health Care Industrial Process Control Online control. Offline control (Distant and Local). Military Applications Continuous Environmental Monitoring

Health Care

Industrial Process Control

Online control.

Offline control (Distant and Local).

Military Applications

Continuous

Environmental Monitoring

ADVANTAGES of WEARABLE BIOSENSORS Rapid continuous control Facilitates continuous monitoring Detection of transient phenomena Easy to use Reducing hospitalization fee Accurate

Rapid continuous control

Facilitates continuous monitoring

Detection of transient phenomena

Easy to use

Reducing hospitalization fee

Accurate

Heat sterilization is not possible Membrane may be fouled by deposits Intoxication of cells present in biosensor Changes can put mechanical and chemical stress on the biosensor Initial cost is high Battery life is less DISADVANTAGES of WEARABLE BIOSENSORS

Heat sterilization is not possible

Membrane may be fouled by deposits

Intoxication of cells present in biosensor

Changes can put mechanical and chemical stress on the biosensor

Initial cost is high

Battery life is less

FUTURE TRENDS Magneto biosensors Flame retardants Personal care products Greater use of home-based monitoring and treatment Intelligent control of medication delivery (e.g. insulin delivery based directly on blood glucose levels) Greater use of nanotechnology and micro fluidics (“lab on a chip”) Implementation using biochemistry, chemistry, thin-film physics, and electronics

Magneto biosensors

Flame retardants

Personal care products

Greater use of home-based monitoring and treatment

Intelligent control of medication delivery (e.g. insulin delivery based directly on blood glucose levels)

Greater use of nanotechnology and micro fluidics (“lab on a chip”)

Implementation using biochemistry, chemistry, thin-film physics, and electronics

CONCLUSION Applied to a restricted area of the potential market Limitations: sensitivity, response time, and lifetime Immobilization techniques nanotechnology, miniaturization, and multisensor Improvement in the affinity, specificity, and mass production of the molecular recognition components Development of advanced receptors and molecular recognition elements

Applied to a restricted area of the potential market

Limitations: sensitivity, response time, and lifetime

Immobilization techniques nanotechnology, miniaturization, and multisensor

Improvement in the affinity, specificity, and mass production of the molecular recognition components

Development of advanced receptors and molecular recognition elements

REFERENCES www.smartshirt.gatech.edu www.wearables.gatech.edu www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/biosensors www.molecular-plant-biotechnology.info/enzyme-technology/types-of-biosensors www.printedelectronicworld.com/articles/manufacturing_microfluidic_biosensors www.studentsguide.in/biotechnology-genomics/biosensor-biotechnology-tools/working-principle-of-biosensors www.google.com

www.smartshirt.gatech.edu

www.wearables.gatech.edu

www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosensor

www.lsbu.ac.uk/biology/enztech/biosensors

www.molecular-plant-biotechnology.info/enzyme-technology/types-of-biosensors

www.printedelectronicworld.com/articles/manufacturing_microfluidic_biosensors

www.studentsguide.in/biotechnology-genomics/biosensor-biotechnology-tools/working-principle-of-biosensors

www.google.com