abs. : 3. R. Villano “Activities and Apothecaries Pharmaceutical Companies in the Kingdom of Naples”, Presentation by Italian President Academy History of Pharmacy Dr. A. Corvi; Published by Chiron, ISBN 978-88-97303-04-6, LCC DG 831, CDD 177 VIL tim 2011, p.. 112 (Naples, Jan. 2011);

1. RRRaaaiiimmmooonnndddooo VVViiillllllaaannnooo
AAAccctttiiivvviiitttiiieeesss aaannnddd AAApppooottthhheeecccaaarrriiieeesss PPPhhhaaarrrmmmaaaccceeeuuutttiiicccaaalll
CCCooommmpppaaannniiieeesss iiinnn ttthhheee KKKiiinnngggdddooommm ooofff NNNaaapppllleeesss
CHIRON
Presentation of Antonio Corvi
President of the Italian Academy
History of Pharmacy

3. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli 5

4. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli6
Copy n. _____________
The autor
__________________________
© Copyright Raimondo Villano
© Research, creation, cover by Raimondo Villano.
All right reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced in publications and studies without
root’s citation. No part of this book shall be stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by ani
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission
from the publisher.
Editorial: Prof. Dott. Maria Rosaria Giordano.
Editors: mobile 338 59 60 222; e-mail: farmavillano@libero.it
Advisor executive: Francesco Villano
Editions Chiron Found. - Praxys dpt.
© 2010 Chiron Foundation, via Maresca 12, scala A - 80058 Torre Annunziata (Napoli)
Phone: +39 81 861 22 99 Fax: +39 81 353 29 81 Website: www.chiron-found.org
Sales: Prof. Dott. Annamaria Giordano mobile 347 61 71 669.
E-mail: annamaria.g10@alice.it; http://www.chiron-found.org
Print LP - Napoli.
First published in May 2010.
First reissue in November 2010.
First published in English in January 2011.
Finished writing April 2, 2009.
Cover photo of Raymond Villano (2005): two-handled amphora factory Naples in the second half
of the seventeenth century apothecary ancient monument of the Certosa di San Martino in Napoli
(Vomero).
Numbered series. This volume, with no serial number and signature, shall be deemed counterfeit.
ISBN 978-88-97303-04-6.
CDD 615 VIL act 2011.
LCC DG831.
CHIRON FOUND.
Praxys dpt

5. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli 7
Index
Presentation 9
Since the end of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Duchy 13
From United Ostrogothic the Duchy 17
By the Normans Swabians 27
The Angevin period 39
The age Aragonese and Spanish 49
Habsburgs to the Bourbons 67
Ceramics production 91
Historic Pharmacies 97
Appendix:
Historical eras 101

6. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli 9
Presentazione
his essay by Raymond Villano, in addition to other investigations conducted on
pharmaceutical art scenario even more broadly, is a major effort of synthesis.
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies has found its unity, at least since 1200, with the
first modern monarchy Frederick II.
The author does not forget even the beginnings of a Mediterranean civilization which
then saw the birth of the extraordinary School of Salerno in the Campania region, of
uncertain origin but crucial popular, extended from Bologna, with William Saliceto in
Paris' sAntidotario of Nicholas proclaimed official pharmacopoeia in '400.
The primacy of the birth of the pharmacy public wanted by a genius, even if inspired by a
previous partial French condition that State to pay close attention to our art, culture
favored by monastic scriptorium of Cassiodorus universalism of Constantine the African.
Many dynasties have occurred in this country without distorting its features, leaving
much room for local baronies and activity of the Church. For this reason it is never born a
strong state and the valuable legislative update due to a university, so famous, has been
applied sporadically and perhaps patchy.
Can you explain the monopoly of pharmacies Benedictine monastery in Naples in 700, as
the impressions of foreigners in 800 single chemist perhaps praised for his honesty, but
underline the shortcomings of the system. What, for example, they explode with the law
liberalization Crispi end of the century while being in force a plant organ, which in the
north limited the proliferation of unconditional years here, see Messina and Catania,
hundreds of stores rose sign limiting the collection of recipes, conveyed the sole
pharmacist remuneration.
The study documented the story by Mario Zappala joins several sources consulted by
Villano, with special regard to the works of Andrea Russo and Chichierchia and Pope
On this basis, the author manages to write an exhaustive history of the oldest pharmacy in
the United Italian, even decadent period in the nineteenth century, will be more attentive
to update its Petitoria and Cookbooks Neapolitans than other Italian states.
Dr Antonio Corvi
President Italian Academy History of Pharmacy
T

7. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli 11
“Wi have a responsabily
to keep alive the past
from which we come from:
is both
our father and our son”
Carlos Fuentes

8. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli12

9. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli 13
Since the end of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Duchy
At sunset of the Roman Empire in the East, where you live contact with the Byzantine
world, the Arabs accept what is most precious in the classical tradition in medicine. They,
therefore, through the great Arab empire, based in Baghdad but radiated to the
Mediterranean, spread the clever and Arab culture in the West by involving the sages of
Spain, Sicily, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.The knowledge of Arabic science filter
coming soon in southern Italy received and processed. For medicine of the medieval
world “the appearance of Arab civilization in the Mediterranean” constitutes “a jolt of
novelty(1)
”.
This also applies not only to preserve and pass on knowledge greek, of which the Arabs
are the true heirs, but to enrich it considerably engaged at the same time to pursue their
own experimental science strengthening, in particular, their knowledge of
pharmacology botany with the knowledge and use of plants unknown to antiquity, such
as fruit trees imported from Persia, and influencing the culture of the existing reality
convent Christian expands the knowledge of both herbs and drugs proper ways to
combine both the laboratory instruments and techniques of conservation of the various
drugs. In fact, the Arabs use the trivialization of the still (at this time essential for the
preparation of alcohol, alcohols, aromatic essences and waters), filtration equipment,
vessels of silver and gold for the storage of medicinesmore complex and vessels of glass
or porcelain from China for the preservation of syrups, vegetable materia medica also
enriched cassia, senna, tamarind, nux vomica, rhubarb, holy seed, sugar, camphor. Also
prominent are both literary contributions, inclusive also important "pharmacopoeias, both
organization and management of hospitality and private pharmacies.
In the late empire as in the early Middle Ages are active in the territory of special
tabernae engaged in production and packaging of medicines. Some are more properly the
herbalists (Herbaria), even with sales specialists in roots (rhizomatoi). Tabernae are real
laboratories for the preparation of drug compounds (but fragrances) and pharmacists
operate using pots, mortars, glasses, bottles and glass vials, scales and units. The part of
the public workshops is often adorned with stuffed animals or plants from more distant
regions. The pharmacist is a professional and well-defined generically distinct
pharmacopola, the pharmacy is called pharmacopolio and drugs are an adjective with the
name of Pharmaceutica. Already Plautus, also called the pharmacist in his plays and also
myrapola myrapolium pharmacy. Pliny, however, use the term seplasia and seplasarii for
pharmacists. Seplasium has the meaning of remedy (there is a square in Capua Seplasia
referred to the place where they go once the drug market).
_______________
(1) Torroncelli A., Flos medicinae. Surgery of Roland in "Kos", year II, No 19, Franco Maria Ricci Editore,
1985-86, p.. 18..

10. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli14

11. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli 15
Pharmacists are specialists in these ointments ointment (In Rome many shops are
concentrated in and in the adjacent Vicus Vicus Thuriarius Unguentarius to Velabro),
perfumes aromatarii merchants, merchants of colors and scents pigment and, finally,
traders of incense thurarii and drugs are the myrobecharii. The box or the box of
medicines that the doctor brings in home visits is the loculus or narthecium.
In the fifth, then make their appearance in Southern Italy the deacons who have, among
many duties, to deal with the public charity and, therefore, care of the sick, joining the
soul to the care of the body with 'obligation and / or the possibility to have the doctor and
this is inferred from the fact that the deacons for the most part have attached a hospice, a
hospital and several fraternities of completion functions and medical care in case of
illness(2)
.
Other important institutions are the famous Estaurite (from one who carries the cross),
with strong charitable and relief, whose deacons are roaming the city on Palm Sunday,
carrying a cross and dwelling on street corners collecting alms for the marriages ,
prisoners, and especially the sick.
After a new, brief cheek (the reconquest of Totila 542), Naples is firmly in hand thanks to
the Byzantine military Narses and becomes Byzantine Duchy since 534 and for the next
six centuries.
At the beginning of the Middle Ages, from the sixth century, leprosy can be considered
firmly established in Western Europe. In the Dark Ages, it is a disease endemic in
scattered foci or scattered; the places of concentration are only gatherings of wandering
lepers expelled as an alternative to segregation from the group of healthy aggregates from
a spontaneous solidarity among marginalized patients: the diagnosis of leprosy is in fact a
true civil death!(3)
During the sixth century, then in Naples raging pestilence and famine continued the
magnitude of which is likely to contract the Italian population of about 7.4 million
inhabitants were Christians start to 4 million while the European population ranges from
32,8 million to 27,5(4), (5), (6)
.
_______________
(2) In 1875, a statistic mentions, 199 institutions in the city of Naples! (Source: Andrea Russo, Apothecaries
and Chemists of religious orders in the Neapolitan (Paper presented at the VII Meeting of the National
Association for the Study of the History of Pharmacy, Pavia, 20-21 October 1962), Agar Naples, June 1967).
(3) Things will change with the express words or sentence in the Canon XXIII of the Third Lateran Council
in 1179 celebrated by Pope Alexander III: "The apostle (Paul) says," We must honor those who suffer most.
" (...) We establish therefore, by virtue of apostolic benignity, that wherever these men (the lepers) are
gathered in sufficient numbers to conduct life in common, can have a church and a cemetery and take
advantage of a priest "( Source: G. Cosmacini cit.., p.. 112).
(4) CM Cipolla, Economic History of Europe, vol. I: The European population from 400 to 1500, UTET,
Torino, 1979.
(5) This demographic collapse is completed in 650 when the Italian population shrinks even 2.5 million while
the European Union to 18.
(6) The historian Procopius of Caesarea in the Secret History is estimated that in Italy even the dead are 15
million.

12. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli16

13. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli 101
APPENDIX

14. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli 103
Historical eras
• United Odoacer, up to 493 (Heruli and others)
• United Ostrogoths, up to about 542 (Ostrogoths)
• Set the Byzantine Empire, until 763 (Byzantine)
• Duchy of Naples, until 1137
• Duchy of Naples, until 1195 (Norman)
• Kingdom of Sicily, until 1266 (Swabian)
• Kingdom of Naples until 1442 (Anjou, family Durres)
• Kingdom of Naples until 1646 (Aragon, Spain)
• Neapolitan Republic, until 1647
• Kingdom of Naples until 1713 (Spanish)
• Kingdom of Naples until 1734 (Austria)
• Kingdom of Naples until 1799
• Neapolitan Republic, 1799
• Kingdom of Naples until 1806
• Kingdom of Naples until 1815 (French)
• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies until 1860

15. Synthetic
B
h
H
U
K
Group of S
already Pon
Society His
Noble Chem
Collaborat
Editor DPC
(1985); cert
Doctrine of
(2010); Scie
organizer an
(2000), Sec
Academy B
(responsible
Foundation
Member sin
in Commett
Pompeii. C
and founde
Assistant ro
Internation
of Action by
Crime-Task
(Rm 2008);
and Society
Piccinini-R
2010); Tibe
2013); Rew
sanitary, pr
Zanichelli,
present in i
Nations (in
Culture, un
Intellectuals
BAC. Vario
Father.
Some book
(pres. Dr.
Ledermann,
edit., 2007)
National C
Mandelli 20
of homo fa
Pharmaceu
Logos and
Council, 20
2002); Influ
profile of t
Born in 19
honorary me
Healt Admi
Universitas (
Knight SMO
Study ISHP
ntifical Tiber
story Pharma
mical Pharm
es with impo
C, which pub
tified courses
f the Church,
ences of the
nd chairman
cretary Inter
Biomedical T
e company o
for cancer r
nce 1990, Se
tees of Italy:
arthage arch
er Youngs P
ole Pharmacy
nals awards
y Rotary Inte
k Force Rota
Legion Uni
y (2011); Nat
Research (Rm
erin-Science
ward by Certif
rofessionals,
with sponso
talians Libr
ncluding: Na
niversity, mu
s IBC-Camb
ous books ar
ks: Gobal so
Renzulli, al
, Presid. Inte
; Pharmaceu
ommettee, 3
009); Time ca
aber (pres.
tical Activit
theophany i
012). Among
uence A/H1N
the author
960. Roles:M
ember (2013
inistration P
(BR, Miami
O of Malta, P
History Ph
rina, Studies
acy, Italian
maceutical C
ortant nation
blishes in m
s of: Officina
Theology. D
Communica
n Safety cou
rnational Co
Technology (U
of safety of
researh with
ecretary at ag
: Professiona
heology; Com
Pharmacists
y Phaculty o
: Diploma of
ernational Pr
ary Italy, Alb
on of Gold-W
tionals awar
m 2006); LX
and Culture
ificate of me
scientifics,
orships from
aries (includ
ational Instit
useums;a you
bridge since
e appreciate
ciety of info
lready Safet
ernational So
utical meridia
3 edit., 2008
arved in the
eminent his
ties Kingdom
in digital tim
g the 40 mu
N1 (patron. U
Manager Vi
) and honor
Pharmaceutic
i, Florida, U
President hum
harmacopoeia
Melitensi, M
Pharmacy H
College. Ove
nals and inter
more than 15
al plants, Co
Degrees h.c.
ation (2013).
urse for mana
ommittee B
Unesco 2007
Tribunals A
Prefect of N
ge 29 1990-9
al Etic, Mon
mmittee Priz
Federation;
of Naples (19
f Honor for
resident (Eva
bany, former
Work (Rm 20
rds: Aesculap
XV Stramezz
e (Rm 2012
erits public it
historicals,
m the Minis
ding: Quirina
tute Health-
ur book deb
2010; Opac
ed from auth
rmation, 199
ty Advisor
ociety History
ans between
8); Thesauru
silence of et
storian Fra’
m of Naple
mes (pres. M
ultimedia: P
Unesco, 2009)
llano Intern
rary member
cal Departm
USA, 2014),
manitarian F
as-Bern. Aca
Medical Trad
History, Neap
er 100 confe
rnationals Jo
50 Nations.
osmetics tech
: Human and
Master h.c.
agers, gettin
iothecnologi
7-12), 11 yea
Appeals Cou
Naples (201
95 and Presid
dial Action,
ze Magna G
; national R
985-90), pro
exceptional
anston 2001:
Yugoslavia
010); Veritas
pius-Health
i-Health (Rm
2); LXXIV S
talian Health
religiosus;
stry of Cultu
ale, National
-USA, Natio
buted to the
c Sbn with o
horities, inclu
* * *
96; Rotary fo
of ONU, 2
y Pharmacy,
secular ethi
us Pharmac
ternity. Diacr
von Lobste
es (pres.: Pre
Mons. Trafn
Perfume of t
).
national Bus
r (2013) and
ment of Ru
Diplomatic
Foundation C
ademy: His
dition Smiths
politan Soci
erences and
ournals. Is Ad
Study: class
hnical, Corpo
d Social Scie
.: Science M
ng High Patr
ies Wabt-Un
ars in Scienti
urt Naples),
1-12). 32 y
dent 2000 Ro
Informatic;
Grecia. Presid
Representativ
ofessorship L
Services on
only 100/ye
, S. Marine (
s in Charitat
Patron. Coun
m 2007); Ca
Serono- Histo
h (DPR 2013
over 50 bo
ural Heritag
l Science Ac
onale de Fra
Fair of Fran
over 130 wo
uding more t
for Men, 200
2004); Phar
, 2 edit., 200
ics and catho
cologicus (pr
ronic reflect
ein and crit
esid. It. Ac.
ny, Presid. D
times.Art an
siness Team
d Associate
uggero II U
Advisor A
Chiron since
tory Art of
sonian Institu
iety History
d chairman
dvisory Boar
sic; degree a
orate security
ences (2009);
Medical Ethic
ronages by C
nesco 2008-
ific Board fo
Board memb
ear partner a
otary Club P
among the m
dent in Napo
ve Federativ
Lembo - Sup
an individua
ear/1,5 milion
(Zurich 2001
te-Religion (
ncil of Minis
apitolino-Hu
ory (Rm 20
3). Author o
ooks with p
ge,Unesco, R
ccademy, M
ance, Congr
nkfurt. Cata
orks; Card o
times the He
01; Managem
rmacy art a
06); History a
olic moral (p
res. Presid.
ions on inves
tic PhD Ca
Pharmacy H
Dpt Science-
nd pharmacy
m; CEO Ch
Professor in
University -
Aerec,Trader
1985, memb
f Health-Min
ution-USA, I
Homeland,
in dozens o
rd Member f
and enabling
y, Haccp, Hi
; History and
cs (2010). It
Chief of Stat
-13, membe
or safety of h
mber of Beau
and owner o
Pompei-Oplon
many interna
oli, national
ve Pact of P
perior Institut
al basis in th
n member); R
1); Sapientia
(2011); Bonif
sters (Rm 19
umanitarian a
12), Aerec-C
of over 630 p
restigious p
Rotary, Univ
inistries) and
ress UK), in
alogs: 2000
of Authority
ead of State a
ment safety i
and history
and activity o
pres. PhD Tar
Italians Pha
stigation for
arosella, 6 r
History Dr. C
Faith Pontif
y history (pa
iron Editor,
n History of
Studiorum
since 1976,
ber Internat.
nistery B.C.,
International
honorary of
of congress.
for american
g: Pharmacy
story, Social
d Philosophy
was: author,
te and ONU
er of World
ealth of IBD
umont Onlus
of pharmacy.
nti-Vesuvio;
ational roles:
coordinator
Pharmacists.
t of Health).
he 5 Avenues
Reward Anti
a Mundi-Etic
face-Culture
987); LXVIII
activity (Rm
Culture (Rm
publications
ublishers as
versity, etc.,
d of over 40
n Istituts of
Outstanding
by Ministry
and the Holy
in Pharmacy
(pres. PhD
of SMOM (4
rro, Bioethic
armacist Dr.
r the memory
repr., 2010);
Corvi, 2010);
fical Culture
atron. AISF,
,
f
m
,
.
,
l
f
.
n
y
l
y
,
U
d
D
s
.
;
:
r
.
.
s
i
c
e
I
m
m
s
s
,
0
f
g
y
y
y
D
4
c
.
y
;
;
e
,

16. Raimondo Villano – Attività speziali e farmaceutiche nel Regno di Napoli104

17. “““III aaammm mmmeeedddiiicccaaatttiiiooonnn hhhaaannndddsss ooofff ttthhheee gggooodddsss”””
HHHeeerrrooofffiiillluuusss
CDD 615 VIL act 2011
LCC DG831