HIV-AIDS

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  • + rajeshnayakr rajeshnayakr 2 weeks ago
    vo
  • + roma_maria14 roma_maria14 6 months ago
    where can i downoad this presentation...?? pls... is it allowed?? thanks...
  • + rahul Rahul Tiwari 10 months ago
    Thanks for visiting & comments friends!!!
    Read my Blog: http://iambetterthanthebest.blogspot.com
  • + guest0ed3d20 guest0ed3d20 11 months ago
    PLEASE....CAN I DOWNLOAD YOUR PPT?REPLY ME BACK..bella_iiris@yahoo.com
  • + raghu123 raghu123 2 years ago
    sir can i down load your presentation
  • + glangy glangy 2 years ago
    This disease is silent, doesn’t give you any sing until a couple of years latter, that’s why everyone should be keeping tested, because more and more people is infected with HIV.



    Glangy

    [url=http://www.drugtreatments.com/north-dakota]North Dakota Drug Treatment[/url]
  • + glangy glangy 2 years ago
    This disease is silent, doesn’t give you any sing until a couple of years latter, that’s why everyone should be keeping tested, because more and more people is infected with HIV.



    Glangy

    [url=

    http://www.drugtreatments.com/north-dakota]North Dakota Drug Treatment[/url]
  • + guest0c36d4 guest0c36d4 2 years ago
    Aids is defiantly one of the tough ones out there. You many not have any hiv symptoms for years and be passing it around. We must all get tested all the time at least once a year to help stop the spread of this horrible disease.
  • + hgirl hgirl 2 years ago
    More and more people infected by Hiv. But most of them can face it correctly. Check stdpal.com to meet more hiv personals .
  • + rahul Rahul Tiwari 2 years ago
    thanks for the comments

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HIV-AIDS - Presentation Transcript

  1. HIV/AIDS North Dakota Department of Health HIV/AIDS Program
    • H Human
    • I Immunodeficiency
    • V Virus
    • A Acquired
    • I Immuno
    • D Deficiency
    • S Syndrome
  2. HIV Transmission
    • HIV enters the bloodstream through:
      • Open Cuts
      • Breaks in the skin
      • Mucous membranes
      • Direct injection
  3. HIV Transmission
    • Common fluids that are a means of transmission:
      • Blood
      • Semen
      • Vaginal Secretions
      • Breast Milk
  4. HIV in Body Fluids Semen 11,000 Vaginal Fluid 7,000 Blood 18,000 Amniotic Fluid 4,000 Saliva 1 Average number of HIV particles in 1 ml of these body fluids
  5. Routes of Transmission of HIV
    • Sexual Contact: Male-to-male
    • Male-to-female or vice versa
    • Female-to-female
    • Blood Exposure: Injecting drug use/needle sharing
    • Occupational exposure
    • Transfusion of blood products
    • Perinatal: Transmission from mom to baby
    • Breastfeeding
  6. HIV-Infected T-Cell HIV Virus T-Cell HIV Infected T-Cell New HIV Virus
  7. Window Period
    • This is the period of time after becoming infected when an HIV test is negative
    • 90 percent of cases test positive within three months of exposure
    • 10 percent of cases test positive within three to six months of exposure
  8. HIV Infection and Antibody Response Infection Occurs AIDS Symptoms ---Initial Stage---- ---------------Intermediate or Latent Stage-------------- ---Illness Stage--- Flu-like Symptoms Or No Symptoms Symptom-free < ---- ----
  9. Importance of Early Testing and Diagnosis
    • Allows for early treatment to maintain and stabilize the immune system response
    • Decreases risk of HIV transmission from mother to newborn baby
    • Allows for risk reduction education to reduce or eliminate high-risk behavior
  10. HIV Testing
    • Requires a blood or oral fluid sample
    • HIV test detects the body’s antibody response to HIV infection
    • The test does NOT detect the HIV virus
  11. HIV Testing in North Dakota
    • Confidential vs. anonymous testing
    • Testing offered free-of-charge at state-funded HIV test sites for those at risk
    • Test results are available within a week
    • For a list of HIV test sites in North Dakota call 1.800.70.ndhiv or visit www.ndhiv.com
  12. HIV Testing
    • Those recently exposed should be retested at least six months after their last exposure
    • Screening test (EIA/ELISA) vs. confirmatory test (IFA)
    • EIA/ELISA (Reactive)
      • Repeat EIA/ELISA (Reactive)
      • IFA (Reactive)
      • Positive for HIV
  13. EIA/ELISA Test Positive Negative Run IFA Confirmation Repeat Positive Positive End Testing Repeat ELISA Every 3 months for 1 year Negative Positive Negative Indeterminate Repeat at 2-4 months Repeat at 3 weeks HIV Testing No HIV Exposure Low Risk HIV Exposure High Risk Negative HIV + Repeat every 6 months for continued High risk behavior
  14. North Dakota Law for HIV Testing
    • Requires informed consent
    • No premarital testing requirement
    • Prenatal testing not required but recommended
    • School notification not required for positive staff or students (universal precautions)
  15. North Dakota Law for HIV Testing (cont.)
    • Allows testing of individuals:
      • 14 years of age or older without parental consent
      • Mandatory testing for prison inmates in grade 1, grade 2, regional facilities, and the state penitentiary as defined in NDCC:23-07-07.5
      • Court ordered testing for defendants charged with a sex offense as defined in NDCC: 23-07.7-01
    • Once a person is infected they are always infected
    • Medications are available to prolong life but they do not cure the disease
    • Those who are infected are capable of infecting others without having symptoms or knowing of the infection
    HIV AIDS
  16. HIV Risk Reduction
    • Avoid unprotected sexual contact
    • Use barriers such as condoms and dental dams
    • Limit multiple partners by maintaining a long-term relationship with one person
    • Talk to your partner about being tested before you begin a sexual relationship
  17. HIV Risk Reduction
    • Avoid drug and alcohol use to maintain good judgment
    • Don’t share needles used by others for:
        • Drugs
      • Tattoos
      • Body piercing
    • Avoid exposure to blood products
  18. Condoms
    • Using condoms is not 100 percent effective in preventing transmission of sexually transmitted infections including HIV
    • Condoms = Safer sex
    • Condoms ≠ Safe sex
  19. Condom Use
    • Should be used consistently and correctly
    • Should be either latex or polyurethane
    • Should be discussed with your partner before the sexual act begins
    • Should be the responsibility of both partners for the protection of both partners
    • Male and female condoms are available
  20. People Infected with HIV
    • Can look healthy
    • Can be unaware of their infection
    • Can live long productive lives when their HIV infection is managed
    • Can infect people when they engage in high-risk behavior
  21. HIV Exposure and Infection
    • Some people have had multiple exposures without becoming infected
    • Some people have been exposed one time and become infected
    • “ When you have sex with someone, you are having sex with everyone they have had sex with for the last ten years.”
        • Former Surgeon General
    • C. Everett Koop
  22. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  23. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • STDs increase infectivity of HIV
      • A person co-infected with an STD and HIV may be more likely to transmit HIV due to an increase in HIV viral shedding
      • More white blood cells, some carrying HIV, may be present in the mucosa of the genital area due to a sexually transmitted infection
  24. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • STDs increase the susceptibility to HIV
      • Ulcerative and inflammatory STDs compromise the mucosal or cutaneous surfaces of the genital tract that normally act as a barrier against HIV
      • Ulcerative STDs include: syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes
      • Inflammatory STDs include: chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis
  25. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • The effect of HIV infection on the immune system increases the the risk of STDs
      • A suppressed immune response due to HIV can:
        • I ncrease the reactivation of genital ulcers
        • Increase the rate of abnormal cell growth
        • Increase the difficulty in curing reactivated or newly acquired genital ulcers
        • Increase the risk of becoming infected with additional STDs
  26. HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis
  27. HIV Occupational Exposure
    • Review facility policy and report the incident
    • Medical follow-up is necessary to determine the exposure risk and course of treatment
    • Baseline and follow-up HIV testing
    • Four week course of medication initiated one to two hours after exposure
    • Liver function tests to monitor medication tolerance
    • Exposure precautions practiced
  28. HIV Non-Occupational Exposure
    • No data exists on the efficacy of antiretroviral medication after non-occupational exposures
    • The health care provider and patient may decide to use antiretroviral therapy after weighing the risks and benefits
    • Antiretrovirals should not be used for those with low-risk transmissions or exposures occurring more than 72 hours after exposure
    PREVENTION --- FIRST
  29. HIV Non-Occupational Exposure
    • Provider Considerations:
      • Evaluate HIV status of patient and risk history of source patient
      • Provide necessary medical care and counseling
      • Evaluate risk event and factors for exposure
      • Determine elapsed time from exposure
      • Evaluate potential for continuous HIV exposure
      • Obtain informed consent for testing and treatment
      • Evaluate pregnancy status of females
      • Monitor for drug toxicity and acute infection

+ Rahul TiwariRahul Tiwari, 4 years ago

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