Scaling-up School Based Developments in Education Conditions and Strategies Péter Radó Educational policy analyst, Hungary

Scaling-up School Based Developments The scaling-up problem Origins of the problem (USA in the 70’ and 80’s) Top-down and bottom-up policy implementation patterns The „transition” context

The scaling-up problem

Origins of the problem (USA in the 70’ and 80’s)

Top-down and bottom-up policy implementation patterns

The „transition” context

Scaling-up School Based Developments General Tools Generating market for working ideas and innovations Making additional resources available Creating a free market for thoughts Investing into support mechanisms Building coalitions

General Tools

Generating market for working ideas and innovations

Making additional resources available

Creating a free market for thoughts

Investing into support mechanisms

Building coalitions

Scaling-up School Based Developments T wo strategies The policy of dissemination Question: what are they doing and how? Objective: the dissemination of the know-how The most important tool is creating a network of co-operating schools The policy of systemic scaling-up Question: what are the conditions that allow them to do it? Objective: ensuring the applicability of the know-how The most important tool is modifying the systemic environment of schools

The policy of dissemination

Question: what are they doing and how?

Objective: the dissemination of the know-how

The most important tool is creating a network of co-operating schools

The policy of systemic scaling-up

Question: what are the conditions that allow them to do it?

Objective: ensuring the applicability of the know-how

The most important tool is modifying the systemic environment of schools

Scaling-up School Based Developments Comaprison of the two strategies 1. The policy of dissemination Adjustment to local context: inflexible Impact on schools: direct, immediate and intensive Number of schools involved: limited Innovation often remains isolated within the school The policy of systemic scaling-up Adjustment to local context: flexible Impact on schools: less intensive, indirect, delayed Number of schools involved: not limited Innovation easily infiltrates the school

The policy of dissemination

Adjustment to local context: inflexible

Impact on schools: direct, immediate and intensive

Number of schools involved: limited

Innovation often remains isolated within the school

The policy of systemic scaling-up

Adjustment to local context: flexible

Impact on schools: less intensive, indirect, delayed

Number of schools involved: not limited

Innovation easily infiltrates the school

Scaling-up School Based Developments Comaprison of the two strategies 2. The policy of dissemination The specific costs of development are relatively high Getting external funds is easier, burden on state budget is lower Ensuring cost-efficiency is easier The policy of systemic scaling-up The specific costs of development are lower Getting external funds is harder, burden on state budget is bigger Ensuring cost-efficiency is harder

The policy of dissemination

The specific costs of development are relatively high

Getting external funds is easier, burden on state budget is lower

Ensuring cost-efficiency is easier

The policy of systemic scaling-up

The specific costs of development are lower

Getting external funds is harder, burden on state budget is bigger

Ensuring cost-efficiency is harder

Scaling-up School Based Developments Aspects to be considered The scope of the problem The level of decentraization The maturity of support mechanisms The source of available resources Level of political and governement commitment The level of finacial accountability

Aspects to be considered

The scope of the problem

The level of decentraization

The maturity of support mechanisms

The source of available resources

Level of political and governement commitment

The level of finacial accountability

Scaling-up School Based Developments Connecting bottom-up and top-down 1. The absorption capacity of the schools The capacity of the staff to change The willingness of the staff to change The quality of the institutional functioning of the schools Accountability

The absorption capacity of the schools

The capacity of the staff to change

The willingness of the staff to change

The quality of the institutional functioning of the schools

Accountability

Scaling-up School Based Developments Connecting bottom-up and top-down 2. Enrichment of the systemic environment of schools Curriculum writing versus curriculum development The INSET system Development of teaching materials Quality assurance within the chain of services

Enrichment of the systemic environment of schools

Curriculum writing versus curriculum development

The INSET system

Development of teaching materials

Quality assurance within the chain of services