1. Tissues
Chapter 4

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What is a Tissue?
A group of SIMILAR cells that
function together to carry out
specialized actions.

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What is Histology?
• Study of Tissues

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4 Main Types of Tissues
• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

5. Epithelial Tissue

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• Forms the coverings of all of the
body’s surfaces
• Lines body cavities

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Epithelial Tissue
• Contains no blood vessels but
supplied by nerve fibers
• Regenerative – rapidly replaces
lost cells by cell division
– Ex. Skin cells

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Classification of
Epithelia: Layers
Can be simple or
stratified

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Classification of
Epithelia: Shapes
• Squamous,
cuboidal, or
columnar

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All Types of Epithelial
Tissue

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Epithelia: Glandular
• A gland is one or more cells that makes and
secretes an aqueous fluid
• Classified by:
– Site of product release – endocrine or
exocrine

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Endocrine Glands
• Ductless glands that produce
and secrete hormones
• Ex: Pituitary

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Exocrine Glands
• Secrete their products onto body
surfaces (skin) or into body
cavities
• Examples include mucous,
sweat, oil, and salivary glands

14. Connective Tissues

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Functions of Connective
Tissue
• Binding and support
• Protection
• Insulation
• Transportation

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Connective Tissue:
Embryonic
• Mesenchyme – embryonic
connective tissue
– Gives rise to all other connective
tissues
– Found in the embryo

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Dense
Examples:
– Tendons (Bone-Muscle)
– Ligaments (Bone-Bone)
– Aponeuroses (Muscle-Muscle)

18. Connective Tissue:
Hyaline Cartilage
• Stiff, but flexible
• Ex. Nose
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19. Connective Tissue:
Elastic Cartilage
• Extremely flexible
• Ex. Ears
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20. Connective Tissue:
Fibrocartilage Cartilage
• Strong & sturdy
• Ex. Intervertebral discs
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Connective Tissue: Bone
(Osseous Tissue)

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Connective Tissue: Blood
• ONLY LIQUID TISSUE

23. Adipose
• “fat”
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24. Areolar
• Plays a role in inflammation
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25. Reticular
• Supports immune cell functions
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Nervous Tissue
Conduct impulses to and from the brain

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Muscle Tissue: Skeletal
•Striated
•Multi-nucleate
•Voluntary

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Muscle Tissue: Cardiac
•Striated
•Involuntary

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Muscle Tissue: Smooth
•Non-striated
•Involuntary

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Tissue Trauma
• Causes inflammation,
characterized by:
– Dilation of blood vessels
– Redness, heat, swelling, and pain