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Quality  circle
Quality  circle
Quality Circle 
A small group of employees from 
the same workplace organized to 
participate in mutual development 
and 
problem – solving activities that 
would help 
improve Quality and Productivity 
of the organization.
;;a;aj ljhla hkq 
—;;a;aj ljhla hkqfjka ye|skafjkafka hï wdh;khl 
M,odhs;d j¾Okh Wfoid tu wdh;kfha 
fiajlhka tlg tlaj idlÉPd fldg y÷kd .kakd 
.eg¿ yd Bg ks¾foaYs; m%;sl¾u l<ukdlrKh fj; 
bosßm;a lrñka wdh;kfha Wkak;sh i|yd 
tu wdh;kfha wruqKq by<u uÜgulska idCId;a lr 
.ekSu i|yd lghq;= lrk lKavdhï fõ˜'
T - TOGETHER 
E - EVERY ONE 
A - ACHIVE 
M - MORE 
S - SUCCCES
;;a;aj lj b;sydih 
1949 cmdk úoHd{hskaf.a iy bxðfkarejrekaf.a 
ix.uh úiska oekqj;a lsÍu 
jir 1956 isg ;;a;aj lj ms<sn`oj oekqj;a 
lsÍu Wfoid .=jka úÿ,s jevigyka mej;s 
w;r miqj th rEmjdysksh olajd jHdma; 
úh' 
j¾;udkfha wm úiska ms<smosk ;;a;aj lj 
l%ufõoh y`ÿkajd oSfï f.!rjh ysñjkafka 
Kaoru Ishikawa fj;gh'
;;a;aj lj j, iajNdjh 
• l=vd lKavdhuls' 
• tlu wxYhl fiajh lsÍu' ^ fyda iudk fiajdjl kshe,Su & 
• 6 - 12 idudðl msßila isàu' 
• fmdÿ wruqKla ;sîu' 
• fm!oa.,sl wNsu;d¾: fjkqfjka fkdj wdh;kfha Wkak;sh 
fjkqfjka lghq;= lsÍu' 
• ks;ru tla /ia ùu' 
• ;ukaf.a fiajdjkag wod< .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu' 
• .eg¿ úYaf,aIKh' 
• úi`ÿï l<ukdldß;ajhg bosßm;a lsÍu'
;;a;aj ljj, ,CIK 
01' iafõÉPdfjka l%shd;aul úh hq;=h' 
02' wdh;kfha wruqKq idCId;a lr .ekSu i|yd talrdYs úh 
hq;= w;r fm!oa.,sl wNsu;d¾: bgq lr .ekSu 
i|yd fkd úh hq;=h' 
03' ksrka;rfhka uqK .eiSu w;HjYH h. 
04' idudkH jev lrk ld,fha oS uqK .eiSu . 
05' hï wëCIlfhl=f.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a lsÍu 
06' jevm,g wod< .eg¿ úi`oSu i|yd úh hq;=h. 
07' l<ukdlrKhg m%;sl¾u fhdackd l< hq;=h' 
lKavdhfï idudcsl ixLHdj l=vd úh hq;=h' 
09' wxY jYfhka fyda l%shdjka wkqj lKavdhï .; úh hq;=h'
.eg¿ 
by< 
l<ukdldß;ajh 
uOHu l<ukdldß;ajh 
fiajl uKav,h
by< 
l<ukdldß;ajh 
uOHu l<ukdldß;ajh 
fiajl uKav,h 
wkqu; lsÍu 
fhdackd 
l%shd;aul lsÍu
5 S 
;;a;aj 
lj 
l%shdj,s 
jeä 
;;a;aj 
lj 
5 S 5S 
5S 
5S oshqKqj 
;;a;aj 
lj 
;;a;aj 
lj 
5 S 
l%shdj,s 
jeä oshqKqj
;;a;aj lj o¾Ykh 
• iyNd.s;aj l<ukdlrKh' 
• udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh' 
• .eg¿ úi`oSfï l%shdj,sh'
;;a;aj lj - wruqK 
1' lKavdhï ye`.Sï j¾Okh lsÍu' 
2' fiajlhkaf.a .eg¿ úi`oSfï iy úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï Odß;djh 
j¾Okh lsÍu' 
3' NdKAvfha$fiajdfõ ;;a;ajh iy M,odhS;djh j¾Okh lsÍu' 
4' m%shodhS fiajd ia:dkhla we;s lsÍu' 
5' iajhx úYajdih iy ffO¾hh by< kexùu' 
6' ld¾h uKav,fha oekqu l=i,;d iy wdl,am j¾Okh' 
7' w¨;a ixúOdk ixialD;shla f.dv kexùu' 
8' by< fiajl wNsfm%arKhla we;s lsÍu' 
9' wNHka;r ikaksfõokh mq¿,a ùu' 
10' rdcldßh flfrys we,aula we;s ùu'
;;a;aj lj uQ,O¾u 
• wfkl=;a l<ukdlrK iïm;a j,g iudkju jeo.;a 
iïm;la f,i ld¾h uKav,h ie,lSu' 
• iEu fiajlfhlau m%fhdackj;a idudðlfhla f,i il 
%Shj odhl lr .ekSu' 
• ish¨u uÜgïj, iyNd.s;ajh iy iydh' 
• lKavdhfï l%shdldrlï' 
• ks¾udKYS,s;ajh i`oyd ksrka;r osß .ekaùu' 
• tosfkod rdcldßj,g iïnkaO jHdmD;s flfrys 
wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu'
;;a;aj ljhl id¾:l;ajhg n,mdk 
idOl' 
• by< kdhl;ajfha lemùu iy u`. fmkaùu' 
• fiajl uKav,fha odhl;ajh' 
• mqyqKq l%u fõoh' 
• ish¨u uÜgïj, iyNd.s;ajh' 
• meyeos<s wruqKla ;sîu' 
• ksrka;r /iaùu' 
• wjYH myiqlï i,id oSu' 
• jD;a;sh iñ;sj, iyfhda.h' 
• fiajl fhdackd$woyia WfmaCIdfjka Ndr .ekSu' 
• m%.;sh ikaksfõokh lsÍu' 
• lj w;r ;r`. iy ;;a;aj ljh m%j¾Ok jevigyka'
;;a;aj lj jdis' 
• fiajlhska iy l<ukdldß;ajh w;r lsÜgq iïnkaO;djhla 
we;s ùu' 
• fiajlhska w;r iyfhda.h j¾Okh ùu' 
• kj oekqula ,eîu' 
• /lshdfõ ;Dma;sh' 
• fiajlhska w;r ks¾udKYS,s;ajh we;s lsÍu' 
• jev moaO;s iy l%u fõo" l%shd mámdáka j¾Okh 
ùu" l%uj;a ùu' 
• wd;au úYajdih j¾Okh ùu' 
• wdh;kfhka imhk fiajdfõ ;;a;ajh$ M,odhS;djh j¾Okh 
ùu' 
• .eg¿ úi`oSfï l%u fõoh jgyd .ekSu'
;;a;aj lj j, ñkqï l< fkdyels m 
%;s,dN 
• /lshdfõ ;Dma;sh $ idvïnr;ajh 
• ikaksfõokh jeä oshqKq ùu 
• iyfhda.s;djh j¾Okh 
• jev wdl,am j¾Okh 
• lKavdhï ye`.Sï jeä oshqKqj
;;a;aj ljj, ñkqï l< yels m 
%;s,dN 
M,odhs;djh j¾Okh 
NdKavfha$fiajdfõ .=Kd;aulNdjh j¾Okh 
uQ,Huh jdiSka ,eîu 
myiqfjka$blauKska jev l< yels ùu 
ksrmo;djh j¾Okh
;;a;aj lj y`ÿkajd oSu 
• wdh;k m%Odkshdf.a iyNd.s;ajh" lemùu iy u`. 
fmkaùu w;HjYH idOlhla fõ' 
• ;;a;aj lj ixl,amh ms<sn`oj uOHu uÜgfï ks,OdÍka 
oekqj;a lsÍu' 
• fiajl uKav,h fj; ;;a;aj lj y`ÿkajd oSu yd ;;a;aj ljfha 
idudðlhka ùug wdrdOkd lsÍu' 
• myiqlï imhkafkl= f,i fcHIaG úOdhl ks,Odßfhl= m;a 
lsÍu' 
• fufyhqï lñgqjla m;a lsÍu' 
• mqyqKqq wjYH;d y`ÿkd .ekSu' 
• mqyqKq jevigyka ,nd oSu' 
• ksis mßos lj /iaùï meje;aùu' 
• ljfha l%shdldß;ajh i`oyd wjYH myiqlï ,nd oSu'
;;a;aj lj l=ula i|yd o @ 
1' mdßfNda.sl ;Dma;sh by< kexùu' 
2' kdia;sh wju lsÍu' 
3' ;;a;ajh iy M,odhs;djh j¾Okh lsÍu' 
4' wk;=re wju lsÍu
WodyrK - ^ ;;a;aj lj jHdmD;s& 
• fiajd ,nd oSfï m%udoh j<lajd .ekSu' 
• uydud¾.j, yosis wk;=re j<lajd .ekSu' 
• ld¾hd,fha úÿ,s ì, wvq lsÍu' 
• ld¾hhka kej; kej; lsÍfuka je<lSu' 
• fiajdia:dk msßisÿj mj;ajd .ekSu' 
• frday,a kv;a;=j ksis mßos isÿ lsÍu' 
• ksIamdos; NdKavj, fodaI wju lsÍu' 
• NdKav wdmiq yrjd tùï wvq lr .ekSu'
;;a;aj lj úiska f;dard fkd.; hq;= 
jHdmD;s 
• rcfha m%;sm;a;s' 
• pl%f,aL iïnkaO .eg¿' 
• jD;a;sh iñ;s fldkafoais' 
• iqN idOl lghq;=' 
• úkh l%shdud¾.' 
• idudkH mßmd,k lghq;= - n`ojd .ekSï" 
Wiia lsÍï" jev ;ykï" jegqma j¾Ol'
;;a;aj lj wdrïN lsrSu
;;a;aj lj - ixúOdk jHQyh 
• m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhd 
• fufyhqï lñgqj 
• kshdul lñgqj 
• myiqlï imhkakd' 
• lj kdhlhd' 
• lj idudðlhka'
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhd 
fufyhqï lñgqj 
kshdul lñgqj 
lj kdhlhd 
lj idudðlhka 
lj kdhlhd 
lj idudðlhka 
lj kdhlhd 
lj idudðlhka 
lj kdhlhd 
lj idudðlhka 
myiqlï 
imhkakd
fufyhqï lñgqj 
• ;;a;aj lj jev igyk fufyhjk ixúOdkfha tallh fõ' 
• úOdhl m%Odk ks,Odßhd m%Odk;ajh orhs' 
• wxY m%Odkska iyNd.s fõ' 
• ;;a;aj lj l%shd;aul lsÍug wod< m%;sm;a;s 
iïmdokh lrhs' 
• l%shd;au ie,eiau ilia lrhs' 
• myiqlï imhkakka f;aÍu' 
• m%.;s iudf,dapkh' 
• ;Hd. yd we.hSu ksYaph lsÍu'
myiqlï imhkakd 
• l<ukdldß;ajh úiska m;a lrhs' 
• l<ukdldß;ajh iy ljh iïnkaO lrhs' 
• myiqlï imhkafkl=f.a ,CIK $ld¾hhka 
– újD; iy iyfhda.S mßirhla mj;ajd .ekSu' 
– ljh rdcldßj,g iïnkaO jHdmD;sj, kshef,k njg ;yjqre lr .ekSu' 
– lj jevigyfka úhoï yd m%fhdack ms<sn`oj l<ukdldß;ajhg jd¾;d lsÍu' 
– lj kdhlhskag mqyqKqjla ,nd oSu$u. fmkaùu' 
– ueosy;alrefjl= f,i m%ldY lsÍu' 
– lj Wkkaÿ lsÍu' 
– ikaksfõok lghq;= bgq lsÍu' 
– lj lsysmhla md,kh l< yels ùu' 
– fufyhqï lñgqj iu`. iïnkaëlrKh'
lj kdhlhska Circle Leaders 
• wxYj, m%Odkska fyda nyq;rhla leue;a; u; f;dard.;a 
fiajlhska fõ' ^ .eg¿ úi`osfï l%u fõo$Ys,am l%u& iy 
fuj,ï iïnkaO ^myiqlï imhkakkaf.a odhl;ajh ,nd .ks' 
• QCC l%shdj,sh ksis mßos l%ñlj isÿjk njg j. n,d 
.ekSu' 
• jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu iy wjYH f;dr;=re l<ukdlr bosßm;a 
lsÍu i`oyd iyh ùu' 
• lj /iaùu meje;aùu' 
• iyh iy u`. fmkaùu ,nd oSu' 
• wksl=;a fiajlhskao idudðlhka u. fmkaùu $osß 
.ekaùu' 
• .eg¿ úi`oSfïoS iyh ùu' 
• lKavdhï úkh mj;ajd .ekSu'
lj idudðlhka Members 
• /iaùïj,g jd¾;d lsÍu' 
• lj jHdmD;sj,oS Wmßu iyfhda.h ,nd 
oSu' 
• m%Yak y`ÿkd .ekSu" woyia ,nd oSu" 
wjYH;djh mßos ióCIK yd ksÍCIK 
meje;aùu" lj jHdmD;Ska u.ska 
.eg¿ úi`oSfïoS iyh ùu' 
• l<uKdldß;ajfha bosßm;a lsÍïj,oS iyh 
ùu'
7 Quality Tools 
;;a;aj lj i|yd 
Ndú;d jk fuj,ï
BASIC QC TOOLS 
1. Flow Chart/Process Map (Identify Major Causes) 
2. Check Sheet(Data Collection) 
3. Cause & Effect Diagram(Identify Major Causes & 
Analyze the data) 
4. Pareto Chart( Understand vital few, prioritize the 
problems & Evaluate the project) 
5. Histogram(Organize the data) 
6. Control Chart(Understand process variation) 
7. Scatter Diagram(Examine relationship between 
two variables)
SEVEN NEW QC TOOLS 
Data Collection stage 
01.Affinity Diagram 
Analyzing data & Drawing Conclusions 
02.Relations Diagram 
03.Tree diagram 
04.Matrix Diagram 
05.Prioritization Matrix 
Making recommendations and Planning 
06.Process decision Program Chart (PDPC) 
07.Arrow diagram
Quality Control Tools 
1.Check Sheet - m%.uK j.= 
Defect Item Date 
Aug 10 Aug 11 Aug 12 Aug 13 Aug 14 Sum 
Soldering 11 
Joint 8 
Lamp 6 
Scratch 24 
Miscellaneo 
9 
us 
Sum 10 12 11 12 13 58
i;sh 
;=kajk i;sh isõjk i;sh miajk i;sh tl;=j 
fojk i;sh 
m<uq i;sh 
ldrKh $m%Yakh 
f.or wNHdi fkdlsrSu 18 
fmd;a ke;slu 7 
ksrdydrj mka;shg 15 
meñKSu 
foudmshka wjOdkh fhduq 19 
fkdlsrSu 
ljlgq fmÜá fkdue;sj 9 
meñKSu 
.Ks;h úIhg m%udo ù meñKsu 17
2.Histogram/Bar Charts/graphs 
ldrKh isÿjk 
jdr .Kk 
12345 
20 
22 
28 
30 
36
2.Histogram/Bar Charts/graphs 
Easy to illustrate visually
03' md,k igyka ^ Control Chart -Shewhart) 
Upper Control Limit 
Central Line 
Lower Control Limit 
Time 
Process Parameter
iSudfjka msg 
12.30 Upper control limit 
12. 00 Central Line 
11.30 Lower Control Limit 
uÜgu 
iSudfjka msg 
ld,h
iuqÉÑ; ;sj%;djh % fya;=j jdr .Kk$o;a; % 
foudmshka wjOdkh 70 40 70 40 
fhduq fkdlsrSu 
f.or jev fkdlsrSu 40 23 110 63 
.Ks;hg m%udo ù 35 20 145 83 
meñKsu 
,uqka laa,dka; 14 8 159 91 
ùu 
ljlgq fmÜá 9 5 168 96 
ke;sùu 
.Ks;h úIhg m%udo 7 4 175 100 
ù meñKSu 
iuqÉÑ; m%;sY;h 
04' mefrfgda igyk
;sj%;dj m%;sY;h 
. 
. 
. . . 100 
1 2 3 4 5 6 
80 
60 
40 
20 
100 
80 
60 
40 
20 
iuqÉÑ; 
m%;sY;h 
Pareto Chart
5.Cause & Effect Diagram(Ishikawa) 
Man Machine Material 
Method Measurement Environment 
Effect
05' fya;= M, igyk ^ Causes & Effect Diagram & 
isiq úkh ie,iqï 
iy.; f,i mj;ajd 
fkd.ekSu 
ld¾h 
nyq, ùu 
wjg we;s 
ndOdldÍ 
Yío 
oekqj;alu 
fkdue;s ùu 
fjk;a m wvonr 
%uqL;d 
foudmshkaf. 
a wjOdkh 
wvqùu
06' Scatter Diagram- úisß; igyka 
mjqf,a wdodhu 
uil 
, = l Kq 
5000 
10000 
15000 
20000 
25000 
30000 
35000 
70 
35 
80 
32 
40 
92 
52
100 
90 
80 
70 
60 
50 
40 
30 
20 
10 
0 
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 
wdodhu 
, l K=q 
06' Scatter Diagram- úisß; igyka
wdodhu ,l=Kq 
5000 
10000 
15000 
20000 
25000 
30000 
35000 
20 
30 
45 
52 
64 
72 
92
100 
90 
80 
70 
60 
50 
40 
30 
20 
10 
0 
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 
wdodhu 
, l K=q
7.Startification 
Sub grouping data in order to determine if there is any special variation 
Age Production 
Height ?
2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 
2.0 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.4 
2.2 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 
2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 
2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 
2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 
2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 
2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.6
w;sf¾l l%u
Step 
What 
Why 
When 
Where 
Who 
How 
5W1H 
Description 
------
PDCA
Quality  circle
BE………. 
“ BE CREATIVE ” 
“ BE INNOVATIVE ” 
“ THINK DIFFERENT ” 
“There is always better way ”
5 Whys 
• Ask Why Five Times 
• wehs hkqfjka miajrla úuikak
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
Identification of problems for QC projects 
•Gap of present situation & Targets 
•P Q C D S M 
•4 M (Man, Machine, Materials, Methods) 
•3 MU - Mura (Eg Unbalance work) 
- Muri (Eg Overburden) 
- Muda ( 7 / 8 wastes) 
•Benchmarking
Seven Wastes 
• Transportation 
• Inventory 
• Motion 
• Waiting 
• Over production 
• Over processing 
• Defects
 1' md,kh l< fkdyels .eg¿ 
udkj iïm; ys`. lu 
m%;smdok m%udKj;a fkdùu 
hka;% iQ;% fkdue;s ùu 
 2' md,kh l< yels .eg¿
 Start with silent think time 
 Freewheel – don’t hold back 
 NO CRITICISM of any idea 
 Build upon other ideas or suggestions 
 The more ideas, the better 
 Post ideas using post-it notes
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSfï wfõCIK m; 
%h 
P Q C D S M 
Is Productivity a Problem ? 
tu .eg¿j M,odhs;dj iïnkaO .eg¿jla o @ 
Is Quality a Problem ? 
th ;;a;ajh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
Is Cost a Problem ? 
th msßjeh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
Is Delivery a Problem ? 
th fnod yeÍu iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
Is Safety a Problem ? 
th ksrmo;djh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
Is Morale a Problem ? 
th Ñ;a; ffO¾h iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@
Is Productivity a Problem ? 
tu .eg¿j M,odhs;dj iïnkaO .eg¿jla o @ 
• M,odhs;djh iïnkaO .eg¿ 
by< M,odhS fkdjk ld,h 
oskloS ksIamdok m%udKh my, jeàu 
fj<`o ksfhdað;fhl=g$wf,ú wkqmd;h 
wvq ùu
Is Quality a Problem ? 
th ;;a;ajh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
• .=Kd;aulNdjh iïnkaO .eg¿ 
by< wmf;a hEï wkqmd;h 
by< fodI iys; nj
Is Cost a Problem ? 
th msßjeh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
• msßjeh iïnkaO .eg¿ 
ld¾hd,Sh iemhqïj, by< jeh nr 
ld¾hd,Sh fiajdj, ñ, .Kka by< hdu
Is Delivery a Problem ? 
th fnod yeÍu iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
• fnod yeÍu iïnkaO .eg¿ 
fnod yeÍfïoS ksrka;rfhka isÿ jk m 
%udo ùï 
nexl=jl fiajd iemhSfï oS m%udoh 
jd¾;d ,nd oSfï m%udoh
Is Safety a Problem ? 
th ksrmo;djh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
• ksrmo;dj iïnkaO .eg¿ 
by< yosis wk;=re
Is Morale a Problem ? 
th Ñ;a; ffO¾h iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ 
• Ñ;a; ffO¾h iïnkaO .eg¿ 
by, fiajl fkdmeñKSï 
fiajh w;ayer hEï jeä ùu
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
ljh u.ska .eg¿jla$jHdmD;shla f;dard 
.ekSu' 
Selection of Projects/Problems 
• m%drïNl wjia:dfùoS nqoaê l,ïNkh u.ska m 
%;sld¾ñl$úi`ÿï fiúh hq;= m%Yak rdYshla y`ÿkd .kshs' 
• tlu wjia:dfõ oS ish¿u .eg¿j,g ms<s;=re fiùu wmyiqh' 
• m<uqj m%Yak tlla$folla f;dard .kshs' tu f;aÍu 
idudðlhkaf.a talu;slj$nyq;r u;fhka ;SrKh l< yel' 
• m%uqL;djh ;SrKh lsÍfïoS" 
.eg¿fõ iajNdjh' 
th we;s lrk n,mEu' 
th we;s jk jdr .Kk' 
b;d blauKska úi`oSfï jeo.;alu
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
Define the problem
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
Problem Analysis 
• y÷kd.;a .eg¿j we;s ùug uq,a jQ fya; 
+ka úuid ne,Su¡ 
• .eg¿ úYaf,aIKfha§ fuj,ï f,i fya;=M, 
igyka ^Cause & Effect Diagram& 5 Whys, 
5W1H,Scatter Diagram jeks l%ufõo 
Ndú;d lsrSu¡ 
• uQ, fya;=j ^Root Cause& y÷kd .ekSu¡
5.Cause & Effect Diagram(Ishikawa) 
Man Machine Material 
Method Measurement Environment 
Effect
05' fya;= M, igyk ^ Causes & Effect Diagram & 
isiq úkh ie,iqï 
iy.; f,i mj;ajd 
fkd.ekSu 
ld¾h 
nyq, ùu 
wjg we;s 
ndOdldÍ 
Yío 
oekqj;alu 
fkdue;s ùu 
fjk;a m wvonr 
%uqL;d 
foudmshkaf. 
a wjOdkh 
wvqùu
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
úl,am úi÷ï ,nd .ekSu 
Generation of Options 
• ljfha idudcslhkaf.a nqoaê l,ïnkhla isÿ 
lsrSfuka wod, .eg¿jg úiÿï ,nd .ekSu¡ 
• fuu woshf¾ os jvd;a újD;j woyia 
úiÿï fhdackd ,nd .kshs¡ 
• iEu fhdackdjlgu iudk jákdlula ,nd oSu 
fuu mshjf¾oS isÿ fõ¡
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
úl,am úi÷ï we.hSu^Evaluation of 
Options& 
• lj idudcslhkaf.a nqoaêl ,ïNkfhka ,enqKq úl,am úi÷ï 
we.hSug ,la lrhs¡ 
• úi÷ï l%shd;aul lsrSug .;jk ld,h¡ 
• myiqfjka l%shd;aul l< yels ùu¡ 
• jeh jk m%d.aOkh¡ 
• wjYH ;dlaIKh ;sîu¡ 
• udkj iïm;, oekqu yd l=i,;d¡ 
hkd oS idOl ie,ls,a,g f.k ,enqKq úiÿï j¾.SlrKh lrhs¡
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
fhdackd l%shd;aul lsrSu 
^Implementation of suggestions& 
• f;dard.;a úl,am úiÿï l%shd;aul lrhs 
• úiÿï l%shd;aul lsrSug fmr l%shd;aul 
ie,eiaula ^Action Plan&idod .kshs¡ 
• úiÿï l%shd;aul lsrSug fmr l<uKdldrs;ajfha 
wkque;sh wjYH fõ¡ 
Gannt Chart o iqÿiqh¡
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
jHdmD;sh we.hSu ^Project 
Evaluation& 
• f;dard .;a úiÿï l%shd;aul l< miq jHdmD;sfha 
m%.;sh iudf,dapkh lrhs 
• lj idudcslhka "fufyhqï lñgqj yd wdh;k m 
%Odkshd m%.;s iudf,dpkhg yjq,aq fõ¡ 
• wvqmdvq y÷kdf.k ksjeros lr .kshs¡
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
iïu;lrkh / m%ñ;slrKh 
^Standardization& 
• l%shd;aul lrk ,o úiÿï m%dfhda.sl kï 
tAjd iïu;lrKh l< yel¡ 
• ljfha idudcslhka mukla fkdj ish¿u 
fokdu tu m%ñ;Ska ms<smeoSug 
lghq;= lrhs¡
.eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu 
.eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh 
.eg¿j úYaf,aIKh 
úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh 
úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu 
jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 
jHdmD;sh 
we.hSu 
iïu;lrKh 
iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Plan 
Do 
Check 
Action
iaj we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï 
Self Evaluation and ^Future Plans& 
• lj idudcslhka tlareia ù ;u jHdmD;sfha m 
%.;sh ms<sn|j iajhx we.hSul ksr; ùu¡ 
• wkd.; l<hq;= ;j;a jeä oshqKq ùï y÷kd 
.ekSu¡ 
• wdh;ksl oshqKqj Wfoid l<hq;= kj 
jHdmD;Ska y÷kd .ekSu¡
“WINNING IS BEGINNING , 
BEGININIG IS HALF DONE”
Quality  circle

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Quality circle

  • 3. Quality Circle A small group of employees from the same workplace organized to participate in mutual development and problem – solving activities that would help improve Quality and Productivity of the organization.
  • 4. ;;a;aj ljhla hkq —;;a;aj ljhla hkqfjka ye|skafjkafka hï wdh;khl M,odhs;d j¾Okh Wfoid tu wdh;kfha fiajlhka tlg tlaj idlÉPd fldg y÷kd .kakd .eg¿ yd Bg ks¾foaYs; m%;sl¾u l<ukdlrKh fj; bosßm;a lrñka wdh;kfha Wkak;sh i|yd tu wdh;kfha wruqKq by<u uÜgulska idCId;a lr .ekSu i|yd lghq;= lrk lKavdhï fõ˜'
  • 5. T - TOGETHER E - EVERY ONE A - ACHIVE M - MORE S - SUCCCES
  • 6. ;;a;aj lj b;sydih 1949 cmdk úoHd{hskaf.a iy bxðfkarejrekaf.a ix.uh úiska oekqj;a lsÍu jir 1956 isg ;;a;aj lj ms<sn`oj oekqj;a lsÍu Wfoid .=jka úÿ,s jevigyka mej;s w;r miqj th rEmjdysksh olajd jHdma; úh' j¾;udkfha wm úiska ms<smosk ;;a;aj lj l%ufõoh y`ÿkajd oSfï f.!rjh ysñjkafka Kaoru Ishikawa fj;gh'
  • 7. ;;a;aj lj j, iajNdjh • l=vd lKavdhuls' • tlu wxYhl fiajh lsÍu' ^ fyda iudk fiajdjl kshe,Su & • 6 - 12 idudðl msßila isàu' • fmdÿ wruqKla ;sîu' • fm!oa.,sl wNsu;d¾: fjkqfjka fkdj wdh;kfha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka lghq;= lsÍu' • ks;ru tla /ia ùu' • ;ukaf.a fiajdjkag wod< .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu' • .eg¿ úYaf,aIKh' • úi`ÿï l<ukdldß;ajhg bosßm;a lsÍu'
  • 8. ;;a;aj ljj, ,CIK 01' iafõÉPdfjka l%shd;aul úh hq;=h' 02' wdh;kfha wruqKq idCId;a lr .ekSu i|yd talrdYs úh hq;= w;r fm!oa.,sl wNsu;d¾: bgq lr .ekSu i|yd fkd úh hq;=h' 03' ksrka;rfhka uqK .eiSu w;HjYH h. 04' idudkH jev lrk ld,fha oS uqK .eiSu . 05' hï wëCIlfhl=f.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a lsÍu 06' jevm,g wod< .eg¿ úi`oSu i|yd úh hq;=h. 07' l<ukdlrKhg m%;sl¾u fhdackd l< hq;=h' lKavdhfï idudcsl ixLHdj l=vd úh hq;=h' 09' wxY jYfhka fyda l%shdjka wkqj lKavdhï .; úh hq;=h'
  • 9. .eg¿ by< l<ukdldß;ajh uOHu l<ukdldß;ajh fiajl uKav,h
  • 10. by< l<ukdldß;ajh uOHu l<ukdldß;ajh fiajl uKav,h wkqu; lsÍu fhdackd l%shd;aul lsÍu
  • 11. 5 S ;;a;aj lj l%shdj,s jeä ;;a;aj lj 5 S 5S 5S 5S oshqKqj ;;a;aj lj ;;a;aj lj 5 S l%shdj,s jeä oshqKqj
  • 12. ;;a;aj lj o¾Ykh • iyNd.s;aj l<ukdlrKh' • udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh' • .eg¿ úi`oSfï l%shdj,sh'
  • 13. ;;a;aj lj - wruqK 1' lKavdhï ye`.Sï j¾Okh lsÍu' 2' fiajlhkaf.a .eg¿ úi`oSfï iy úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï Odß;djh j¾Okh lsÍu' 3' NdKAvfha$fiajdfõ ;;a;ajh iy M,odhS;djh j¾Okh lsÍu' 4' m%shodhS fiajd ia:dkhla we;s lsÍu' 5' iajhx úYajdih iy ffO¾hh by< kexùu' 6' ld¾h uKav,fha oekqu l=i,;d iy wdl,am j¾Okh' 7' w¨;a ixúOdk ixialD;shla f.dv kexùu' 8' by< fiajl wNsfm%arKhla we;s lsÍu' 9' wNHka;r ikaksfõokh mq¿,a ùu' 10' rdcldßh flfrys we,aula we;s ùu'
  • 14. ;;a;aj lj uQ,O¾u • wfkl=;a l<ukdlrK iïm;a j,g iudkju jeo.;a iïm;la f,i ld¾h uKav,h ie,lSu' • iEu fiajlfhlau m%fhdackj;a idudðlfhla f,i il %Shj odhl lr .ekSu' • ish¨u uÜgïj, iyNd.s;ajh iy iydh' • lKavdhfï l%shdldrlï' • ks¾udKYS,s;ajh i`oyd ksrka;r osß .ekaùu' • tosfkod rdcldßj,g iïnkaO jHdmD;s flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu'
  • 15. ;;a;aj ljhl id¾:l;ajhg n,mdk idOl' • by< kdhl;ajfha lemùu iy u`. fmkaùu' • fiajl uKav,fha odhl;ajh' • mqyqKq l%u fõoh' • ish¨u uÜgïj, iyNd.s;ajh' • meyeos<s wruqKla ;sîu' • ksrka;r /iaùu' • wjYH myiqlï i,id oSu' • jD;a;sh iñ;sj, iyfhda.h' • fiajl fhdackd$woyia WfmaCIdfjka Ndr .ekSu' • m%.;sh ikaksfõokh lsÍu' • lj w;r ;r`. iy ;;a;aj ljh m%j¾Ok jevigyka'
  • 16. ;;a;aj lj jdis' • fiajlhska iy l<ukdldß;ajh w;r lsÜgq iïnkaO;djhla we;s ùu' • fiajlhska w;r iyfhda.h j¾Okh ùu' • kj oekqula ,eîu' • /lshdfõ ;Dma;sh' • fiajlhska w;r ks¾udKYS,s;ajh we;s lsÍu' • jev moaO;s iy l%u fõo" l%shd mámdáka j¾Okh ùu" l%uj;a ùu' • wd;au úYajdih j¾Okh ùu' • wdh;kfhka imhk fiajdfõ ;;a;ajh$ M,odhS;djh j¾Okh ùu' • .eg¿ úi`oSfï l%u fõoh jgyd .ekSu'
  • 17. ;;a;aj lj j, ñkqï l< fkdyels m %;s,dN • /lshdfõ ;Dma;sh $ idvïnr;ajh • ikaksfõokh jeä oshqKq ùu • iyfhda.s;djh j¾Okh • jev wdl,am j¾Okh • lKavdhï ye`.Sï jeä oshqKqj
  • 18. ;;a;aj ljj, ñkqï l< yels m %;s,dN M,odhs;djh j¾Okh NdKavfha$fiajdfõ .=Kd;aulNdjh j¾Okh uQ,Huh jdiSka ,eîu myiqfjka$blauKska jev l< yels ùu ksrmo;djh j¾Okh
  • 19. ;;a;aj lj y`ÿkajd oSu • wdh;k m%Odkshdf.a iyNd.s;ajh" lemùu iy u`. fmkaùu w;HjYH idOlhla fõ' • ;;a;aj lj ixl,amh ms<sn`oj uOHu uÜgfï ks,OdÍka oekqj;a lsÍu' • fiajl uKav,h fj; ;;a;aj lj y`ÿkajd oSu yd ;;a;aj ljfha idudðlhka ùug wdrdOkd lsÍu' • myiqlï imhkafkl= f,i fcHIaG úOdhl ks,Odßfhl= m;a lsÍu' • fufyhqï lñgqjla m;a lsÍu' • mqyqKqq wjYH;d y`ÿkd .ekSu' • mqyqKq jevigyka ,nd oSu' • ksis mßos lj /iaùï meje;aùu' • ljfha l%shdldß;ajh i`oyd wjYH myiqlï ,nd oSu'
  • 20. ;;a;aj lj l=ula i|yd o @ 1' mdßfNda.sl ;Dma;sh by< kexùu' 2' kdia;sh wju lsÍu' 3' ;;a;ajh iy M,odhs;djh j¾Okh lsÍu' 4' wk;=re wju lsÍu
  • 21. WodyrK - ^ ;;a;aj lj jHdmD;s& • fiajd ,nd oSfï m%udoh j<lajd .ekSu' • uydud¾.j, yosis wk;=re j<lajd .ekSu' • ld¾hd,fha úÿ,s ì, wvq lsÍu' • ld¾hhka kej; kej; lsÍfuka je<lSu' • fiajdia:dk msßisÿj mj;ajd .ekSu' • frday,a kv;a;=j ksis mßos isÿ lsÍu' • ksIamdos; NdKavj, fodaI wju lsÍu' • NdKav wdmiq yrjd tùï wvq lr .ekSu'
  • 22. ;;a;aj lj úiska f;dard fkd.; hq;= jHdmD;s • rcfha m%;sm;a;s' • pl%f,aL iïnkaO .eg¿' • jD;a;sh iñ;s fldkafoais' • iqN idOl lghq;=' • úkh l%shdud¾.' • idudkH mßmd,k lghq;= - n`ojd .ekSï" Wiia lsÍï" jev ;ykï" jegqma j¾Ol'
  • 24. ;;a;aj lj - ixúOdk jHQyh • m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhd • fufyhqï lñgqj • kshdul lñgqj • myiqlï imhkakd' • lj kdhlhd' • lj idudðlhka'
  • 25. m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhd fufyhqï lñgqj kshdul lñgqj lj kdhlhd lj idudðlhka lj kdhlhd lj idudðlhka lj kdhlhd lj idudðlhka lj kdhlhd lj idudðlhka myiqlï imhkakd
  • 26. fufyhqï lñgqj • ;;a;aj lj jev igyk fufyhjk ixúOdkfha tallh fõ' • úOdhl m%Odk ks,Odßhd m%Odk;ajh orhs' • wxY m%Odkska iyNd.s fõ' • ;;a;aj lj l%shd;aul lsÍug wod< m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh lrhs' • l%shd;au ie,eiau ilia lrhs' • myiqlï imhkakka f;aÍu' • m%.;s iudf,dapkh' • ;Hd. yd we.hSu ksYaph lsÍu'
  • 27. myiqlï imhkakd • l<ukdldß;ajh úiska m;a lrhs' • l<ukdldß;ajh iy ljh iïnkaO lrhs' • myiqlï imhkafkl=f.a ,CIK $ld¾hhka – újD; iy iyfhda.S mßirhla mj;ajd .ekSu' – ljh rdcldßj,g iïnkaO jHdmD;sj, kshef,k njg ;yjqre lr .ekSu' – lj jevigyfka úhoï yd m%fhdack ms<sn`oj l<ukdldß;ajhg jd¾;d lsÍu' – lj kdhlhskag mqyqKqjla ,nd oSu$u. fmkaùu' – ueosy;alrefjl= f,i m%ldY lsÍu' – lj Wkkaÿ lsÍu' – ikaksfõok lghq;= bgq lsÍu' – lj lsysmhla md,kh l< yels ùu' – fufyhqï lñgqj iu`. iïnkaëlrKh'
  • 28. lj kdhlhska Circle Leaders • wxYj, m%Odkska fyda nyq;rhla leue;a; u; f;dard.;a fiajlhska fõ' ^ .eg¿ úi`osfï l%u fõo$Ys,am l%u& iy fuj,ï iïnkaO ^myiqlï imhkakkaf.a odhl;ajh ,nd .ks' • QCC l%shdj,sh ksis mßos l%ñlj isÿjk njg j. n,d .ekSu' • jd¾;d ;nd .ekSu iy wjYH f;dr;=re l<ukdlr bosßm;a lsÍu i`oyd iyh ùu' • lj /iaùu meje;aùu' • iyh iy u`. fmkaùu ,nd oSu' • wksl=;a fiajlhskao idudðlhka u. fmkaùu $osß .ekaùu' • .eg¿ úi`oSfïoS iyh ùu' • lKavdhï úkh mj;ajd .ekSu'
  • 29. lj idudðlhka Members • /iaùïj,g jd¾;d lsÍu' • lj jHdmD;sj,oS Wmßu iyfhda.h ,nd oSu' • m%Yak y`ÿkd .ekSu" woyia ,nd oSu" wjYH;djh mßos ióCIK yd ksÍCIK meje;aùu" lj jHdmD;Ska u.ska .eg¿ úi`oSfïoS iyh ùu' • l<uKdldß;ajfha bosßm;a lsÍïj,oS iyh ùu'
  • 30. 7 Quality Tools ;;a;aj lj i|yd Ndú;d jk fuj,ï
  • 31. BASIC QC TOOLS 1. Flow Chart/Process Map (Identify Major Causes) 2. Check Sheet(Data Collection) 3. Cause & Effect Diagram(Identify Major Causes & Analyze the data) 4. Pareto Chart( Understand vital few, prioritize the problems & Evaluate the project) 5. Histogram(Organize the data) 6. Control Chart(Understand process variation) 7. Scatter Diagram(Examine relationship between two variables)
  • 32. SEVEN NEW QC TOOLS Data Collection stage 01.Affinity Diagram Analyzing data & Drawing Conclusions 02.Relations Diagram 03.Tree diagram 04.Matrix Diagram 05.Prioritization Matrix Making recommendations and Planning 06.Process decision Program Chart (PDPC) 07.Arrow diagram
  • 33. Quality Control Tools 1.Check Sheet - m%.uK j.= Defect Item Date Aug 10 Aug 11 Aug 12 Aug 13 Aug 14 Sum Soldering 11 Joint 8 Lamp 6 Scratch 24 Miscellaneo 9 us Sum 10 12 11 12 13 58
  • 34. i;sh ;=kajk i;sh isõjk i;sh miajk i;sh tl;=j fojk i;sh m<uq i;sh ldrKh $m%Yakh f.or wNHdi fkdlsrSu 18 fmd;a ke;slu 7 ksrdydrj mka;shg 15 meñKSu foudmshka wjOdkh fhduq 19 fkdlsrSu ljlgq fmÜá fkdue;sj 9 meñKSu .Ks;h úIhg m%udo ù meñKsu 17
  • 35. 2.Histogram/Bar Charts/graphs ldrKh isÿjk jdr .Kk 12345 20 22 28 30 36
  • 36. 2.Histogram/Bar Charts/graphs Easy to illustrate visually
  • 37. 03' md,k igyka ^ Control Chart -Shewhart) Upper Control Limit Central Line Lower Control Limit Time Process Parameter
  • 38. iSudfjka msg 12.30 Upper control limit 12. 00 Central Line 11.30 Lower Control Limit uÜgu iSudfjka msg ld,h
  • 39. iuqÉÑ; ;sj%;djh % fya;=j jdr .Kk$o;a; % foudmshka wjOdkh 70 40 70 40 fhduq fkdlsrSu f.or jev fkdlsrSu 40 23 110 63 .Ks;hg m%udo ù 35 20 145 83 meñKsu ,uqka laa,dka; 14 8 159 91 ùu ljlgq fmÜá 9 5 168 96 ke;sùu .Ks;h úIhg m%udo 7 4 175 100 ù meñKSu iuqÉÑ; m%;sY;h 04' mefrfgda igyk
  • 40. ;sj%;dj m%;sY;h . . . . . 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 80 60 40 20 100 80 60 40 20 iuqÉÑ; m%;sY;h Pareto Chart
  • 41. 5.Cause & Effect Diagram(Ishikawa) Man Machine Material Method Measurement Environment Effect
  • 42. 05' fya;= M, igyk ^ Causes & Effect Diagram & isiq úkh ie,iqï iy.; f,i mj;ajd fkd.ekSu ld¾h nyq, ùu wjg we;s ndOdldÍ Yío oekqj;alu fkdue;s ùu fjk;a m wvonr %uqL;d foudmshkaf. a wjOdkh wvqùu
  • 43. 06' Scatter Diagram- úisß; igyka mjqf,a wdodhu uil , = l Kq 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 70 35 80 32 40 92 52
  • 44. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 wdodhu , l K=q 06' Scatter Diagram- úisß; igyka
  • 45. wdodhu ,l=Kq 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 20 30 45 52 64 72 92
  • 46. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 wdodhu , l K=q
  • 47. 7.Startification Sub grouping data in order to determine if there is any special variation Age Production Height ?
  • 48. 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.6
  • 50. Step What Why When Where Who How 5W1H Description ------
  • 51. PDCA
  • 53. BE………. “ BE CREATIVE ” “ BE INNOVATIVE ” “ THINK DIFFERENT ” “There is always better way ”
  • 54. 5 Whys • Ask Why Five Times • wehs hkqfjka miajrla úuikak
  • 55. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 56. Identification of problems for QC projects •Gap of present situation & Targets •P Q C D S M •4 M (Man, Machine, Materials, Methods) •3 MU - Mura (Eg Unbalance work) - Muri (Eg Overburden) - Muda ( 7 / 8 wastes) •Benchmarking
  • 57. Seven Wastes • Transportation • Inventory • Motion • Waiting • Over production • Over processing • Defects
  • 58.  1' md,kh l< fkdyels .eg¿ udkj iïm; ys`. lu m%;smdok m%udKj;a fkdùu hka;% iQ;% fkdue;s ùu  2' md,kh l< yels .eg¿
  • 59.  Start with silent think time  Freewheel – don’t hold back  NO CRITICISM of any idea  Build upon other ideas or suggestions  The more ideas, the better  Post ideas using post-it notes
  • 60. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSfï wfõCIK m; %h P Q C D S M Is Productivity a Problem ? tu .eg¿j M,odhs;dj iïnkaO .eg¿jla o @ Is Quality a Problem ? th ;;a;ajh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ Is Cost a Problem ? th msßjeh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ Is Delivery a Problem ? th fnod yeÍu iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ Is Safety a Problem ? th ksrmo;djh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ Is Morale a Problem ? th Ñ;a; ffO¾h iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@
  • 61. Is Productivity a Problem ? tu .eg¿j M,odhs;dj iïnkaO .eg¿jla o @ • M,odhs;djh iïnkaO .eg¿ by< M,odhS fkdjk ld,h oskloS ksIamdok m%udKh my, jeàu fj<`o ksfhdað;fhl=g$wf,ú wkqmd;h wvq ùu
  • 62. Is Quality a Problem ? th ;;a;ajh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ • .=Kd;aulNdjh iïnkaO .eg¿ by< wmf;a hEï wkqmd;h by< fodI iys; nj
  • 63. Is Cost a Problem ? th msßjeh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ • msßjeh iïnkaO .eg¿ ld¾hd,Sh iemhqïj, by< jeh nr ld¾hd,Sh fiajdj, ñ, .Kka by< hdu
  • 64. Is Delivery a Problem ? th fnod yeÍu iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ • fnod yeÍu iïnkaO .eg¿ fnod yeÍfïoS ksrka;rfhka isÿ jk m %udo ùï nexl=jl fiajd iemhSfï oS m%udoh jd¾;d ,nd oSfï m%udoh
  • 65. Is Safety a Problem ? th ksrmo;djh iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ • ksrmo;dj iïnkaO .eg¿ by< yosis wk;=re
  • 66. Is Morale a Problem ? th Ñ;a; ffO¾h iïnkaO .eg¿jla o@ • Ñ;a; ffO¾h iïnkaO .eg¿ by, fiajl fkdmeñKSï fiajh w;ayer hEï jeä ùu
  • 67. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 68. ljh u.ska .eg¿jla$jHdmD;shla f;dard .ekSu' Selection of Projects/Problems • m%drïNl wjia:dfùoS nqoaê l,ïNkh u.ska m %;sld¾ñl$úi`ÿï fiúh hq;= m%Yak rdYshla y`ÿkd .kshs' • tlu wjia:dfõ oS ish¿u .eg¿j,g ms<s;=re fiùu wmyiqh' • m<uqj m%Yak tlla$folla f;dard .kshs' tu f;aÍu idudðlhkaf.a talu;slj$nyq;r u;fhka ;SrKh l< yel' • m%uqL;djh ;SrKh lsÍfïoS" .eg¿fõ iajNdjh' th we;s lrk n,mEu' th we;s jk jdr .Kk' b;d blauKska úi`oSfï jeo.;alu
  • 69. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 71. .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh Problem Analysis • y÷kd.;a .eg¿j we;s ùug uq,a jQ fya; +ka úuid ne,Su¡ • .eg¿ úYaf,aIKfha§ fuj,ï f,i fya;=M, igyka ^Cause & Effect Diagram& 5 Whys, 5W1H,Scatter Diagram jeks l%ufõo Ndú;d lsrSu¡ • uQ, fya;=j ^Root Cause& y÷kd .ekSu¡
  • 72. 5.Cause & Effect Diagram(Ishikawa) Man Machine Material Method Measurement Environment Effect
  • 73. 05' fya;= M, igyk ^ Causes & Effect Diagram & isiq úkh ie,iqï iy.; f,i mj;ajd fkd.ekSu ld¾h nyq, ùu wjg we;s ndOdldÍ Yío oekqj;alu fkdue;s ùu fjk;a m wvonr %uqL;d foudmshkaf. a wjOdkh wvqùu
  • 74. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 75. úl,am úi÷ï ,nd .ekSu Generation of Options • ljfha idudcslhkaf.a nqoaê l,ïnkhla isÿ lsrSfuka wod, .eg¿jg úiÿï ,nd .ekSu¡ • fuu woshf¾ os jvd;a újD;j woyia úiÿï fhdackd ,nd .kshs¡ • iEu fhdackdjlgu iudk jákdlula ,nd oSu fuu mshjf¾oS isÿ fõ¡
  • 76. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 77. úl,am úi÷ï we.hSu^Evaluation of Options& • lj idudcslhkaf.a nqoaêl ,ïNkfhka ,enqKq úl,am úi÷ï we.hSug ,la lrhs¡ • úi÷ï l%shd;aul lsrSug .;jk ld,h¡ • myiqfjka l%shd;aul l< yels ùu¡ • jeh jk m%d.aOkh¡ • wjYH ;dlaIKh ;sîu¡ • udkj iïm;, oekqu yd l=i,;d¡ hkd oS idOl ie,ls,a,g f.k ,enqKq úiÿï j¾.SlrKh lrhs¡
  • 78. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 79. fhdackd l%shd;aul lsrSu ^Implementation of suggestions& • f;dard.;a úl,am úiÿï l%shd;aul lrhs • úiÿï l%shd;aul lsrSug fmr l%shd;aul ie,eiaula ^Action Plan&idod .kshs¡ • úiÿï l%shd;aul lsrSug fmr l<uKdldrs;ajfha wkque;sh wjYH fõ¡ Gannt Chart o iqÿiqh¡
  • 80. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 81. jHdmD;sh we.hSu ^Project Evaluation& • f;dard .;a úiÿï l%shd;aul l< miq jHdmD;sfha m%.;sh iudf,dapkh lrhs • lj idudcslhka "fufyhqï lñgqj yd wdh;k m %Odkshd m%.;s iudf,dpkhg yjq,aq fõ¡ • wvqmdvq y÷kdf.k ksjeros lr .kshs¡
  • 82. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 83. iïu;lrkh / m%ñ;slrKh ^Standardization& • l%shd;aul lrk ,o úiÿï m%dfhda.sl kï tAjd iïu;lrKh l< yel¡ • ljfha idudcslhka mukla fkdj ish¿u fokdu tu m%ñ;Ska ms<smeoSug lghq;= lrhs¡
  • 84. .eg¿ y`ÿkd .ekSu .eg¿j m%uqL;dlrKh .eg¿j úYaf,aIKh úl,am úi`ÿï ckkh úl,am úi`ÿï we.hSu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu jHdmD;sh we.hSu iïu;lrKh iaj-we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Plan Do Check Action
  • 85. iaj we.hSu yd wkd.; ie,iqï Self Evaluation and ^Future Plans& • lj idudcslhka tlareia ù ;u jHdmD;sfha m %.;sh ms<sn|j iajhx we.hSul ksr; ùu¡ • wkd.; l<hq;= ;j;a jeä oshqKq ùï y÷kd .ekSu¡ • wdh;ksl oshqKqj Wfoid l<hq;= kj jHdmD;Ska y÷kd .ekSu¡
  • 86. “WINNING IS BEGINNING , BEGININIG IS HALF DONE”