Introduction to Power World Simulator It is a power simulation package designed from ground upto user-friendly and highly interactive. Simulator has the power for engineering analysis and is interactive and graphical that can be used to explain the power system operation to tech. and non-technical audiences. Simulator is actually a number of integrated products: -As its core is a comprehensive, robust power flow solution engine capable of efficiently solving systems upto 60000 buses. -Stand alone package for power flow. -Simulator allows the users to visualize the system through the use of full color animated one line diagrams with full zooming and panning facility.

It is a power simulation package designed from ground upto user-friendly and highly interactive.

Simulator has the power for engineering analysis and is interactive and graphical that can be used to explain the power system operation to tech. and non-technical audiences.

Simulator is actually a number of integrated products:

-As its core is a comprehensive, robust power flow solution engine capable of efficiently solving systems upto 60000 buses.

-Stand alone package for power flow.

-Simulator allows the users to visualize the system through the use of full color animated one line diagrams with full zooming and panning facility.

-System models can be modified or built from scratch using simulator full featured graphical case editor. -Transmission lines may switched in and out of service, new transmission or generation may be added, and new transactions may be added. Simulator extensive use o graphics and animation greatly increase the user understanding of system characteristics, problems and constraints as well as how to remedy them. Simulator also provides a convenient medium for simulating the evolution of power system over time.

Simulator extensive use o graphics and animation greatly increase the user understanding of system characteristics, problems and constraints as well as how to remedy them.

Simulator also provides a convenient medium for simulating the evolution of power system over time.

In addition to these, simulation boasts economic dispatch, power transfer distribution factors (PTDF) computation, contingency analysis, and ATC determination all accessible through consistent and colorful visual interface. Load, generation, and interchange schedule over time may be prescribed and the resulting change in the system can be visualized. The functionality may be useful for illustrating the many issues associated with industry restructuring.

In addition to these, simulation boasts economic dispatch, power transfer distribution factors (PTDF) computation, contingency analysis, and ATC determination all accessible through consistent and colorful visual interface.

Load, generation, and interchange schedule over time may be prescribed and the resulting change in the system can be visualized.

The functionality may be useful for illustrating the many issues associated with industry restructuring.

Getting Started with a Power World Simulator It has two distinct modes: Edit mode Run mode Edit mode is used to construct new simulation cases or to modify existing cases. Run mode is used to perform the actual power system simulation. We can switch between the two modes at any time using edit mode and run mode buttons on the Program Palette

Edit mode

Run mode

Edit mode is used to construct new simulation cases or to modify existing cases.

Run mode is used to perform the actual power system simulation.

We can switch between the two modes at any time using edit mode and run mode buttons on the Program Palette

Each modes have its own set of menu command Simulator makes extensive use of toolbars for easy access to its many features. We can move and size these toolbars according to our preferences. Toolbars house several palettes of controls each of which may be activated Toolbars palettes are identified as: Program Palette: It gives the ability to switch between programs run and edit mode and to control the various aspects of power flow solution. Edit mode/Run mode Single solution-using simulator as a stand alone power flow Log-It shows what is going on with the power flow solution process Abort

Each modes have its own set of menu command

Simulator makes extensive use of toolbars for easy access to its many features. We can move and size these toolbars according to our preferences.

Toolbars house several palettes of controls each of which may be activated

Toolbars palettes are identified as:

Program Palette: It gives the ability to switch between programs run and edit mode and to control the various aspects of power flow solution.

Edit mode/Run mode

Single solution-using simulator as a stand alone power flow

Log-It shows what is going on with the power flow solution process

Abort

File Palette: Provides access to operating system activities such as saving one line diagram or case model to disk, printing a one line display to printer, loading a case and also access to one line help and case validation tool Edit Palette: It links to several case edit tools. You can cut and paste single objects on the one line diagram and can paste them on the same or another diagram Insert Palette: Contains no. of buttons that allow us to add drawing objects to the current one line diagram Format palette: It allows us to control display objects attributes as font, color, line styles, zoom dependent visibility, and display layer level.

Zoom Palette: To display large detailed power systems simulators’ one line possess zooming and panning facility Zoom palette enables us to prescribe a zoom value or by selecting a rectangular region of the diagram on which to focus. This toolbar enables us to save a view location, or to recall previously saved view location. Pan/zoom palette offers additional zooming and panning control. Use four arrow clusters to display horizontally and vertically Option/Info Palette: It provides quick access to simulators many information display and option settings like single power flow solution, generate quick power flow list, bus view details, and switch to another one line diagrams.

Zoom Palette: To display large detailed power systems simulators’ one line possess zooming and panning facility

Zoom palette enables us to prescribe a zoom value or by selecting a rectangular region of the diagram on which to focus.

This toolbar enables us to save a view location, or to recall previously saved view location.

Pan/zoom palette offers additional zooming and panning control. Use four arrow clusters to display horizontally and vertically

Option/Info Palette: It provides quick access to simulators many information display and option settings like single power flow solution, generate quick power flow list, bus view details, and switch to another one line diagrams.

Run mode Palette: It provides access to run mode facilities. It features VCR like controls for starting, resetting and pausing simulation. Message Log: Displays detailed results of each power flow solution chronicling the process iteration by iteration. It also reports messages raised by simulator in performing various operations like opening and validating a case. Web Publishing: Simulator provides tools for creating presentation of data and diagrams using the application for display on the world wide web. This tool includes: The ability to save the case information display contents as HTML code. The ability to save oneline diagram as jpeg files A basic HTML editor that can import HTML code A mechanism for uploading HTML documents to web server

Run mode Palette: It provides access to run mode facilities. It features VCR like controls for starting, resetting and pausing simulation.

Message Log: Displays detailed results of each power flow solution chronicling the process iteration by iteration. It also reports messages raised by simulator in performing various operations like opening and validating a case.

Web Publishing: Simulator provides tools for creating presentation of data and diagrams using the application for display on the world wide web. This tool includes:

The ability to save the case information display contents as HTML code.

The ability to save oneline diagram as jpeg files

A basic HTML editor that can import HTML code

A mechanism for uploading HTML documents to web server

Creating Loading and Saving a Simulation Case The Simulator control menu controls the actual simulation. We can use this menu to do a time domain simulation or a single power flow solution Opening cases and oneline diagram Case Formats Starting a new case Case validation Saving cases and onelines Using templates Exploring one line in different formats Saving and loading Auxiliary data Saving admittance and Jacobian matrix

The Simulator control menu controls the actual simulation.

We can use this menu to do a time domain simulation or a single power flow solution

Opening cases and oneline diagram

Case Formats

Starting a new case

Case validation

Saving cases and onelines

Using templates

Exploring one line in different formats

Saving and loading Auxiliary data

Saving admittance and Jacobian matrix

File Menu: Used to open and save one line diagrams and create new cases Opening a simulation case, by default power world binary type (*.pwb) is selected. PWB is the most preferred file type providing the most comprehensive power system information along with the smallest time and quickest load time. Power world can import PTI draw files (*.drw) Case Formats: Simulator supports number of case formats Power World Binary (*.pwb) preferred format and requires smallest file sizes Information stored in this format includes power flow data, economic parameters, case time variation, options/values, and screen customization. Power World Case (*.pwc)- primarily included for compatibility with earlier versions of pws. PTI raw data format (*.raw)- Interchange of data with other packages, with PTI power flow data.

File Menu: Used to open and save one line diagrams and create new cases

Opening a simulation case, by default power world binary type (*.pwb) is selected. PWB is the most preferred file type providing the most comprehensive power system information along with the smallest time and quickest load time.

Power world can import PTI draw files (*.drw)

Case Formats: Simulator supports number of case formats

Power World Binary (*.pwb) preferred format and requires smallest file sizes

Information stored in this format includes power flow data, economic parameters, case time variation, options/values, and screen customization.

Power World Case (*.pwc)- primarily included for compatibility with earlier versions of pws.

PTI raw data format (*.raw)- Interchange of data with other packages, with PTI power flow data.

IEEE Common format: (*.cf)- only to specify power flow information Auxiliary files: Used to store additional power flow information that is not contained in power flow data files and do not have pwb format Exploring oneline diagrams in different graphics formats Simulator can export one line diagrams and other graphical displays as bitmaps, metafiles or jpegs Saving Admittance matrix and Jacobian matrix; Ybus and Jacobian matrix can be stored in txt format and can also be opened in MATLAB as .m files

IEEE Common format: (*.cf)- only to specify power flow information

Auxiliary files: Used to store additional power flow information that is not contained in power flow data files and do not have pwb format

Exploring oneline diagrams in different graphics formats

Simulator can export one line diagrams and other graphical displays as bitmaps, metafiles or jpegs

Saving Admittance matrix and Jacobian matrix; Ybus and Jacobian matrix can be stored in txt format and can also be opened in MATLAB as .m files

Building one Line Diagrams Inserting a new object Moving a existing object Viewing or modifying object parameters Selecting several objects to modify their appearance Changing an object’s screen appearance using a format menu either to change the object or entire screen appearance One line display allows to customize the appearance of the presently selected diagram Insert menu Anchored Objects-In edit mode, simulator allows certain objects to be attached to an another object called an anchor Buses Area/Zone objects Lines/Transformers- CBs, pie charts, line dialogs Interfaces

Inserting a new object

Moving a existing object

Viewing or modifying object parameters

Selecting several objects to modify their appearance

Changing an object’s screen appearance using a format menu either to change the object or entire screen appearance

One line display allows to customize the appearance of the presently selected diagram

Insert menu

Anchored Objects-In edit mode, simulator allows certain objects to be attached to an another object called an anchor

Buses

Area/Zone objects

Lines/Transformers- CBs, pie charts, line dialogs

Interfaces

Area/Zone/Super Area Display Objects Area fields on onelines Zone fields Super area field Bus display objects Generator display objects Gen. information dialog Input-output curve Fuel cost curve Incremental cost curve Heat rate curve Reactive power capability curve Load display objects Switched shunt display objects Transmission line display objects Line flow pie chart

Area/Zone/Super Area Display Objects

Area fields on onelines

Zone fields

Super area field

Bus display objects

Generator display objects

Gen. information dialog

Input-output curve

Fuel cost curve

Incremental cost curve

Heat rate curve

Reactive power capability curve

Load display objects

Switched shunt display objects

Transmission line display objects

Line flow pie chart

CBs on oneline diagram Line fields (R, L, C, Loading) Transformer display objects/fields No automatic control AVR if transformer changes its tap ratio Reactive power control if transformer changes its tap ratio Phase shift control if transformer change its phase angle control Line flow pie charts Interface: area-area/zone-zone, flow limit of interface Text on one lines Background pictures on onelines Links to other onelines

CBs on oneline diagram

Line fields (R, L, C, Loading)

Transformer display objects/fields

No automatic control

AVR if transformer changes its tap ratio

Reactive power control if transformer changes its tap ratio

Phase shift control if transformer change its phase angle control

Line flow pie charts

Interface: area-area/zone-zone, flow limit of interface

Text on one lines

Background pictures on onelines

Links to other onelines

Creating a new case: To begin with, double click on the power world simulator icon. The simulator is used to create new cases, modify the existing cases and simulate power systems. To create new case, select a file, New Case from the main menu or click open SIMULATION CASE button on the file palette.

To begin with, double click on the power world simulator icon.

The simulator is used to create new cases, modify the existing cases and simulate power systems.

To create new case, select a file, New Case from the main menu or

click open SIMULATION CASE button on the file palette.

Inserting a bus Inserting a generator inserting a transmission line Inserting text, bus and line fields Adding a new area

Inserting a bus Inserting buses on the on-line diagram: Select INSERT BUS from the main menu or select the bus button on the INSERT palette. This prepares the simulator to insert a bus. Click on the on-line background at the location where we want to place the new bus. This invokes the bus option dialog. Use the bus option dialog box to specify the name, size, orientation, area, zone, and nominal voltage of the bus as well as load and shunt components connected to it. Click OK on the bus option dialog box to finish creating the bus and to close the dialog box.

Inserting buses on the on-line diagram:

Select INSERT BUS from the main menu or select the bus button on the INSERT palette. This prepares the simulator to insert a bus.

Click on the on-line background at the location where we want to place the new bus. This invokes the bus option dialog.

Use the bus option dialog box to specify the name, size, orientation, area, zone, and nominal voltage of the bus as well as load and shunt components connected to it.

Click OK on the bus option dialog box to finish creating the bus and to close the dialog box.

Inserting a Transmission Line To connect the buses together, we will now insert a transmission line between them. This is done as follows: Select INSERT TRANS. LINE from the main menu, click on the transmission line button on the INSERT palette. Left click at the point where we want the line to originate. Without holding down mouse, drag mouse, line sequence will follow. Transmission line and transformers can be drawn as a series of line sequence.

To connect the buses together, we will now insert a transmission line between them. This is done as follows:

Select INSERT TRANS. LINE from the main menu, click on the transmission line button on the INSERT palette.

Left click at the point where we want the line to originate.

Without holding down mouse, drag mouse, line sequence will follow.

Transmission line and transformers can be drawn as a series of line sequence.

Inserting Text, Bus and Line Fields To add fields to display of a particular bus, follow the following procedure: Right click on the bus to bring up local menu. Select add new fields around bus from the local menu. This open the: INSERT BUS fields dialog. Use the insert bus field dialog to designate the fields to add 8 fields per bus. Click OK, the specified bus fields will be added to the on-line diagram.

To add fields to display of a particular bus, follow the following procedure:

Right click on the bus to bring up local menu.

Select add new fields around bus from the local menu. This open the:

INSERT BUS fields dialog.

Use the insert bus field dialog to designate the fields to add 8 fields per bus.

Click OK, the specified bus fields will be added to the on-line diagram.

Adding New Area Saving a case Starting the simulation Power flow list To show this display, select CASE INFORMATION, POWER FLOW LIST from the main menu. To view flow at just a few selected buses we may use quick power flow list from a local menu and select quick power flow list.

To show this display, select CASE INFORMATION, POWER FLOW LIST from the main menu.

To view flow at just a few selected buses we may use quick power flow list from a local menu and select quick power flow list.

Adding New Area Large interconnected systems usually have a number of control areas, with each control area responsible for operation of a particular part of a system; often-single control area corresponds to a single owner. Control areas are connected to neighboring areas through tie lines. A tie line is a line that has one end in one control area and another end in the other control area.

Large interconnected systems usually have a number of control areas, with each control area responsible for operation of a particular part of a system; often-single control area corresponds to a single owner.

Control areas are connected to neighboring areas through tie lines.

A tie line is a line that has one end in one control area and another end in the other control area.

The total amount of power flowing out of a control area is the algebraic sum of power flowing out on all areas of tie lines. Each control area is responsible for procuring power to meet its own load plus losses. The control area can get power either by generating it or buying it from another area. This ability to buy or sell power is one of the principle advantages of interconnected system.

The total amount of power flowing out of a control area is the algebraic sum of power flowing out on all areas of tie lines.

Each control area is responsible for procuring power to meet its own load plus losses.

The control area can get power either by generating it or buying it from another area.

This ability to buy or sell power is one of the principle advantages of interconnected system.

Saving a case Starting the simulation Power flow list To show this display, select CASE INFORMATION, POWER FLOW LIST from the main menu. To view flow at just a few selected buses we may use quick power flow list from a local menu and select quick power flow list.

IEEE 14 bus Example

IEEE 14 bus load flow Results Area 1 - 1 Number of Buses 14 Total Load 342.0 MW 85.9 MVAR Total Generation 356.7 MW 109.6 MVAR Losses 14.7 MW 27.5 MVAR Unserved Load 0.0 MW Interchange Error 0.00 Bus Information for Area 1 - 1 Number Name Area kV Level LoadMW LoadMVR GenMW GenMVR Volt Angle Shunt 1 1 1 138 0 0 98 18 1.06 0.0 0 2 2 1 138 22 13 159 22 1.04 -1.8 0 3 3 1 138 11 8 100 10 1.00 -8.5 0 4 4 1 138 94 19 0 37 1.01 -11.1 0 5 5 1 138 0 0 0 24 1.05 -12.8 0 6 6 1 138 0 0 0 0 1.00 -12.8 0 7 7 1 138 29 17 0 0 0.97 -14.6 4 8 8 1 138 8 2 0 0 1.01 -4.0 0 9 9 1 138 48 -4 0 0 1.00 -9.6 0 10 10 1 138 9 6 0 0 0.96 -14.8 0 11 11 1 138 50 10 0 0 0.94 -14.4 0 12 12 1 138 6 2 0 0 0.97 -10.8 0 13 13 1 138 50 10 0 0 0.95 -12.1 0 14 14 1 138 15 5 0 0 0.94 -14.8 0 Load Information for Area 1 - 1 Bus ID Area Zone MW MVR 2 1 1 1 22 13 3 1 1 1 11 8 4 1 1 1 94 19 7 1 1 1 29 17 8 1 1 1 8 2 9 1 1 1 48 -4 10 1 1 1 9 6 11 1 1 1 50 10 12 1 1 1 6 2 13 1 1 1 50 10 14 1 1 1 15 5 Generator Information for Area 1 - 1 Bus ID Area Zone MW MVR 1 1 1 1 98 18 2 1 1 1 159 22 3 1 1 1 100 10 4 1 1 1 0 37 5 1 1 1 0 24 11 1 1 1 0 0 13 1 1 1 0 0 Switched Shunt Information for Area 1 - 1 Bus Reg. Area Zone MVR 7 7 1 1 4 Transmission Line Information for Area 1 - 1 From To ID MVA % Loaded Loss-MW Loss-MVR Amps Tap 2 1 1 60.5 20.2 0.64 -3.89 242.1 1 8 1 39.4 19.7 0.78 -2.04 155.5 2 4 1 87.1 43.6 3.28 9.17 348.9 2 8 1 29.4 14.7 0.47 -2.15 117.6 2 9 1 82.6 91.8 3.65 7.17 330.8 8 3 1 39.6 4.0 0.00 3.58 163.8 0.96200 3 11 1 52.9 105.7 2.66 5.56 221.2 3 12 1 16.8 33.7 0.35 0.72 70.4 3 13 1 53.6 107.2 1.90 3.75 224.3 4 9 1 14.9 7.5 0.17 -3.04 61.9 6 5 1 23.1 46.1 0.00 0.93 96.1 6 7 1 40.0 80.1 0.00 1.75 166.7 9 6 1 28.8 28.8 0.00 1.67 121.0 0.97800 9 7 1 19.1 9.6 0.00 1.92 80.3 0.96900 7 10 1 17.3 28.9 0.10 0.27 74.5 7 14 1 9.7 19.3 0.13 0.27 41.5 9 8 1 23.3 23.3 0.07 1.01 98.1 10 11 1 8.5 17.0 0.06 0.15 37.1 12 13 1 10.3 20.5 0.24 0.22 44.0 13 14 1 10.8 21.6 0.22 0.45 47.5 Area 1 - 1 Number of Buses 14 Total Load 342.0 MW 85.9 MVAR Total Generation 356.7 MW 109.6 MVAR Losses 14.7 MW 27.5 MVAR Unserved Load 0.0 MW Interchange Error 0.00

Bus Information for Area 1 - 1 Number Name Area kV Level LoadMW LoadMVR GenMW GenMVR Volt Angle Shunt 1 1 1 138 0 0 98 18 1.06 0.0 0 2 2 1 138 22 13 159 22 1.04 -1.8 0 3 3 1 138 11 8 100 10 1.00 -8.5 0 4 4 1 138 94 19 0 37 1.01 -11.1 0 5 5 1 138 0 0 0 24 1.05 -12.8 0 6 6 1 138 0 0 0 0 1.00 -12.8 0 7 7 1 138 29 17 0 0 0.97 -14.6 4 8 8 1 138 8 2 0 0 1.01 -4.0 0 9 9 1 138 48 -4 0 0 1.00 -9.6 0 10 10 1 138 9 6 0 0 0.96 -14.8 0 11 11 1 138 50 10 0 0 0.94 -14.4 0 12 12 1 138 6 2 0 0 0.97 -10.8 0 13 13 1 138 50 10 0 0 0.95 -12.1 0 14 14 1 138 15 5 0 0 0.94 -14.8 0

Load Information for Area 1 - 1 Bus ID Area Zone MW MVR 2 1 1 1 22 13 3 1 1 1 11 8 4 1 1 1 94 19 7 1 1 1 29 17 8 1 1 1 8 2 9 1 1 1 48 -4 10 1 1 1 9 6 11 1 1 1 50 10 12 1 1 1 6 2 13 1 1 1 50 10 14 1 1 1 15 5

Generator Information for Area 1 - 1 Bus ID Area Zone MW MVR 1 1 1 1 98 18 2 1 1 1 159 22 3 1 1 1 100 10 4 1 1 1 0 37 5 1 1 1 0 24 11 1 1 1 0 0 13 1 1 1 0 0 Switched Shunt Information for Area 1 - 1 Bus Reg. Area Zone MVR 7 7 1 1 4

Transmission Line Information for Area 1 - 1 From To ID MVA % Loaded Loss-MW Loss-MVR Amps Tap 2 1 1 60.5 20.2 0.64 -3.89 242.1 1 8 1 39.4 19.7 0.78 -2.04 155.5 2 4 1 87.1 43.6 3.28 9.17 348.9 2 8 1 29.4 14.7 0.47 -2.15 117.6 2 9 1 82.6 91.8 3.65 7.17 330.8 8 3 1 39.6 4.0 0.00 3.58 163.8 0.96200 3 11 1 52.9 105.7 2.66 5.56 221.2 3 12 1 16.8 33.7 0.35 0.72 70.4 3 13 1 53.6 107.2 1.90 3.75 224.3 4 9 1 14.9 7.5 0.17 -3.04 61.9 6 5 1 23.1 46.1 0.00 0.93 96.1 6 7 1 40.0 80.1 0.00 1.75 166.7 9 6 1 28.8 28.8 0.00 1.67 121.0 0.97800 9 7 1 19.1 9.6 0.00 1.92 80.3 0.96900 7 10 1 17.3 28.9 0.10 0.27 74.5 7 14 1 9.7 19.3 0.13 0.27 41.5 9 8 1 23.3 23.3 0.07 1.01 98.1 10 11 1 8.5 17.0 0.06 0.15 37.1 12 13 1 10.3 20.5 0.24 0.22 44.0 13 14 1 10.8 21.6 0.22 0.45 47.5

IEEE 30 bus System

To calculate the PTDFs The power transfer distribution factor display is used to calculate the incremental distribution factor associated with the power transfer between two different areas and zones. These values provide a linearized approximation of how the flow of lines and interfaces changes in response to transaction between a seller and a buyer.

Perform an initial power flow solution. In run mode select OPTIONS/TOOLS, POWER DISTRIBUTION FACTORS from the main menu to open the power distribution factor dialog. Supply the requested information on the PTDF’S dialog and click the CALCULATE PTDF’S button. The distribution factors are calculated and displayed for the element set of our choice in the table at the bottom dialog.

Perform an initial power flow solution.

In run mode select OPTIONS/TOOLS, POWER DISTRIBUTION FACTORS from the main menu to open the power distribution factor dialog.

Supply the requested information on the PTDF’S dialog and click the CALCULATE PTDF’S button.

The distribution factors are calculated and displayed for the element set of our choice in the table at the bottom dialog.

MW-DISTANCE System can estimate MW*Distance quantities for the system’s areas/zones that result from a specified transaction. Given transactions from specified source to a specified link, a simulator uses PTDFS to estimate the change in flow for each line in the system that results from the transaction.

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