1. Transcription and Translation
Flip Book
By: Ivy Phillips and Hunter Smith

2. Transcription

3. Cell
Nucleus

4. Cell
Nucleus

5. Cell
Nucleus

6. Cell
Nucleus
DNA Strand

7. Step 1- RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it
RNA Polymerase

8. Step 1- RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC
RNA Polymerase
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG

9. Step 1- RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it
Coding
Region
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC GGG AAA ACG CCC ATC
RNA Polymerase
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG CCC TTT TGC GGG TAG

10. Step 2- RNA polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA
Promoter Region
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC GGG AAA ACG CCC ATC
RNA Polymerase Start Codon
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG CCC TTT TGC GGG TAG

11. Step 3- RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA
mRNA strand
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC GGG AAA ACG CCC ATC
AUG CGU
RNA Polymerase
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG CCC TTT TGC GGG TAG

12. Step 3- RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC GGG AAA ACG CCC ATC
AUG CGU UCG UAC
RNA Polymerase
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG CCC TTT TGC GGG TAG

13. Step 3- RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC GGG AAA ACG CCC ATC
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG
RNA Polymerase
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG CCC TTT TGC GGG TAG

14. Step 3- RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC GGG AAA ACG CCC ATC
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU
RNA Polymerase
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG CCC TTT TGC GGG TAG

15. Step 3- RNA polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA
Termination Sequence
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC GGG AAA ACG CCC ATC
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
RNA Polymerase
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG CCC TTT TGC GGG TAG

16. Step 4- RNA polymerase hits stop codon and releases mRNA
Stop Codon
TAC GCA AGC ATG CGT CGC GGG AAA ACG CCC ATC
RNA Polymerase
ATG CGT TCG TAC GCA GCG CCC TTT TGC GGG TAG
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG

17. Cell
Nucleus
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
Step 5- mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm

18. Cell Nuclear Pore
Nucleus
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
Cytoplasm
Step 5- mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm

19. Cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
Step 5- mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm

20. Translation

21. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 1- rRNA forms ribosome
rRN Ribosome
A

22. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 2- mRNA binds to ribosome and is read
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
Start Codon

23. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 3- tRNA proof reads mRNA and transfers amino acids
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
UAC
tRNA
amino acid

24. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 3- tRNA proof reads mRNA and transfers amino acids
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
UAC GCA

25. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
UAC GCA
Anti-codon
Peptide Bond

26. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
GCA

27. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
GCA AGC

28. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
AGC

29. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
AGC AUG

30. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
AUG

31. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
AUG CGU

32. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
CGU

33. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
CGU CGC

34. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
CGC

35. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
CGC GGG

36. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
GGG

37. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
GGG AAA

38. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
AAA

39. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
AAA ACG

40. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
ACG

41. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
ACG CCC

42. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 4- amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bond
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
CCC

43. Cell Cytoplasm
Step 5- Ribosome hits stop codon and completes the protein
Stop Codon
mRNA Strand
AUG CGU UCG UAC GCA GCG CCC UUU UGC GGG UAG
CCC AUC
STOP
Met Arg Ser Tyr Ala Ala Pro Phe Cys Gly
Amino acids

44. Completed Protein

45. Summary
Transcription:
First, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it. Then, RNA
polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA. After that, RNA
polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. Then, RNA
polymerase hits a stop codon and releases mRNA. Last, mRNA
leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm.
Translation:
First, rRNA forms ribosome. Then, mRNA binds to ribosomes
and is read. After that, tRNA proof reads mRNA and transfers
amino acids. Then, amino acids attached to the tRNA and bind
with the peptide bond. Last, ribosome hits stop codon and
completes the protein.