Bohr Diagrams

Modeling and Representing Atoms on Paper How to draw Bohr Diagrams and Electron Dot Diagrams (sometimes called Lewis Structures)

Bohr Diagrams
Pictographic representation of an Atom
Shows information about the nucleus
Electron energy levels
Good for index cards and flash cards

Start with a rectangle about 2” x 4”
Bohr Diagrams

At the top write the name, Atomic number, Mass number of the element and the atomic mass
Bohr Diagrams Carbon Atomic # = 6 Mass # = 12 Atomic mass = 12.011 amu

Draw a small circle below the text that will represent the nucleus of the atom
Bohr Diagrams
In the circle write:
the elemental symbol
the number of Protons
the number of Neutrons
Carbon Atomic # = 6 Mass # = 12 Atomic mass = 12.011 amu C 6p + 6n 0

Draw a larger circle around the nucleus circle to represent the first energy level for electrons
Bohr Diagrams Carbon Atomic # = 6 Mass # = 12 Atomic mass = 12.011 amu
Add more circles outside to include all of the energy levels you need for the atom.
(Hint: In what period is the element?)
Carbon is in Period two and therefore needs two energy levels C 6p + 6n 0

Now add electrons, as small dots, to each energy level as allowed until you have the proper number of electrons for a neutral element.
Bohr Diagrams Carbon Atomic # = 6 Mass # = 12 Atomic mass = 12.011 amu The number of electrons should be equal to the number of protons. Remember: C 6p + 6n 0 If you need a third level make your circles a little smaller. 8 3 8 2 2 1 # of e - Energy Level

You now have a complete Bohr Diagram
Bohr Diagrams Carbon Atomic # = 6 Mass # = 12 Atomic mass = 12.011 amu C 6p + 6n 0

Electron Dot Diagrams
Also called Lewis Structures
Representation of valence electrons only
Useful only for “Representative elements”
Gives some indication of the geometry (shape) of compounds when used for bonding diagrams
Easy to draw

The Elemental Symbol serves as the representation of the nucleus
C

Dots are added around the nucleus to show electrons only in the outer energy level
C Carbon has only 4 electrons in the 2 nd energy level so we need only represent those 4 Like the Hund rule add 1 electron per side, then add more as needed.

Lewis structures only apply to “Representative elements” (Group A elements)
C Only s and p sublevel electrons in the outer or highest energy level are shown. These are called valence electrons. The maximum number of electrons that can be shown are 8

O The maximum number of electrons that can be shown are 8 Only s and p sublevel electrons in the outer or highest energy level are shown. These are called valence electrons.

Cl The maximum number of electrons that can be shown are 8 Only s and p sublevel electrons in the outer or highest energy level are shown. These are called valence electrons.

Li The maximum number of electrons that can be shown are 8 Only s and p sublevel electrons in the outer or highest energy level are shown. These are called valence electrons.

Transition metals don’t have valence electrons. They have Oxidation Numbers
Fe Cu Ag Pb +2 +2 +2 +4 We’ll Talk about Oxidation Numbers Next Week!

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Bohr Diagrams

by Paul Cummings

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