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Modelling Requirements for an Integrated
                                                 Management System for Civil Construction
                 FINEP                            Fernanda Alencar1, Jaelson Castro2, José R R Menezes3, José J R Silva3, Emanuel Santos2
                                                                                 1 Dep.   Eletrônica e Sistemas, 2 Centro de Informática, 3 Dep. Engenharia Civil,
               Laboratório de
               Engenharia de
               Requisitos
                 www.cin.ufpe.br/~ler
                                                                                   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Brazil
                                                                      fernanda.ralencar@ufpe.br, {jbc, ebs}@cin.ufpe.br, {jmenezes, jjrs}@ufpe.br, {jbc, ebs}@cin.ufpe.br


         Introduction
                                                                              Motivation
                                                                              Environmental Management System (ISO 14001)
                                        The IMS Project                       Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Services (OHSAS 18001)
                                                                              Quality Management (ISO 9001)
         Environmental                            Occupational Health
         Management                                    and Safety             Proposal
            System                                Assessment Services         The “Integrated Management System for Civil Construction – IMS” project
          (ISO 14001)                                (OHSAS 18001)
                                                                                Compute the results of the internal inspection
                                                                                Detect non-conformities to the standards
                                    Quality Management                          Reduce small errors related to incorrect filling of auditing forms
                                          ISO 9001)
                                                                              Partners
                                                                              Civil Engineering Industry, academic and Brazilian government

     Objective
        The development of the Integrated Management System (IMS), in order to support for integrated management of civil construction
         organizations aiming at their sustainability

         The Approach
               Elicit stakeholders                       Consider current            i* (iStar) Crash             Construct i*             Validate i*            Propose initial
                       needs                               Information                   course *                   Models                  models              architecture of the
                   (Imeetings)                               Systems                                                                                                   IMS



            The Proposal
      1a. The Strategic Dependency Model of the IMS                            1b. The Strategic Rationale Model of the IMS                    2. Initial architecture of the IMS




          Lessons Learned                                                                                               Conclusions and Future Works
                                                                                                              Conceptual model of integrated management system in
        Elicitation with i*                                                                                   place, with certification in two construction companies.
             Excellent mechanism for elicitation of stakeholders needs,                                      Seven (07) construction companies have benefited directly
              intentions and desires                                                                           from the activities of this project, participating in courses and
             Help to keep focus during discussions with our partners                                          seminars

        Reasoning with i*                                                                                    Fifty (50) companies had direct access to project results

        Civil engineers exposed to i*                                                                        Future works

             Requirements                     Engineering      is   not    common         in   civil             Complete the IMS development
              construction                                                                                        Validate IMS
             High learning curve                                                                                 Further case studies
             Dealing with complexity and scalability



iStar Showcase 2011                                                                                                                                                                   59
Managing
Requirements Knowledge –
A Case Study on Control Systems
                    Dominik Schmitz1, Matthias Jarke1,2, Hans W. Nissen3, Thomas Rose2
                                1 RWTH   Aachen University, 2 Fraunhofer FIT, 3 Cologne University of Applied Sciences


 1 Problems                                                                   2 Solution
  Innovations in Control System Engineering                                       Start
                                                                                  St t                        keyword based
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Model based capture of
                                                                                                                                                                                    Model-based
                                                                                      shared history
                                                                                                                                                                                    requirements with i*
                             Innovations in cars nowadays                             with same customer
                                                                                                                                    Choose                                        • Domain models to
                                                                                                                                  domain model
                             are mainly driven by software,                     add another
                                                                                                                                                                                    represent particular
                                                                                domain                refinement
                             but control systems and                            model                                 extension
                                                                                                                                                                                    knowledge/experiences
                             software engineering                                                                       clean up (tool
                                                                                                                        supported)                                                • A situational method
                                                                                      Project-specific
                             currently do not interact                                 requirements
                                                                                           model                                                                                    engineering approach to
                             ⇒ methodological comple-                        manual, in-depth              similarity search                                                        support the development
                                                                             investigation
                                 mentarity is hindered                                                                                                                              process
                                                                                      Identify related
 Application domain: combustion engine controller                                     historic projects                                                                           • A similarity search for
                                                                                                                decide on reuse                    add, refine
                                                                                                                                                                                    projects at the level of
                                                                                          model-based
                                                                                          transformation
                                                                                                                           First system design
                                                                                                                                                                                    requirements
  Specific Characteristics of Small- and                                                                                    & cost calculation

                                                                                                                                                                                  • Continuous model-based
  Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)                                                   Detailed design
                                                                                                                                                  Feedback via                      development, esp.
                                                                                                [Details omitted]                                 domain model


  • Dominate in individual control systems engineering                              Implementation
                                                                                                                                                  updates
                                                                                                                                                                                    model transformation
  • Profound knowledge in a particular, narrow field as                                                   [Details                                                                • Support for evolving
                                                                                                          omitted]
                                                                                                             itt d]

    the core asset of the enterprise
                                                                                                                              Finalize project/
                                                                                                                                   reflect                                          domain knowledge
  • High frequency of innovations – knowledge,                                             Stop                                      completeness
                                                                                                                                     strategy
                                                                                                                                                            Start
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Stop

    experiences evolve quickly                                                                                                                                         Choose
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     completeness strategy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Explicit decision to
                                                                                                                                                                                               domain model


  • Focus on specific customer issues with very individual
                                                                                                                                                                     domain model                 base                                           update domain model(s)




                                                                              Technologies                                                                                                                                                      remove                       add




    problems and solutions ⇒ no opportunities for
                                                                                                                                                                    Project-specific
                                                                                                                                                                     requirements
                                                                                                                                                                        model                                                                                                               manual inspection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                manual inspection                             & consolidation


                                                                              • i* for modeling                                                                     Identify related                                   Identify candidates                                   Identify candidates

    planned product families                                                                                                                                            historic
                                                                                                                                                                       projects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          for deletions                                        for extensions



                                                                              • Telos/ConceptBase for                                                               Detailed design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 suitably frequent,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 above threshold
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          suitably frequent,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          above threshold



                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Identify project-


                                                                                model management                                                                                                                            specific
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           deletions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Relate recurring extensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         among several projects


           Need for an integrated approach to                                                                                                                       Implementation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 investigate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 recent project                              structural
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          anchor object
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          based


                                                                              • Eclipse platform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                text-based   similarity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          similarity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Start                             similarity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            investigate
                                                                                                                                                                    Finalize project/             project                                                                      Extract project-


           manage requirements knowledge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            recent project
                                                                                                                                                                         reflect                   base                                                                      specific extensions



                                                                              • Java-based                                                                  Stop                           Decouple via databases



                                                                                                                                                           Concerns a single project                                          Concerns all (recent) historic projects




 3 Application Details
                                                                                                                                                                      Pre-defined queries                                                                                     Ad-hoc, user-
                                                                                                                                                                      referring to the domain model                                                                           defined queries
                                                                                 Domain models
                                                                                 • Common starting point
                                                                                                                                                                      Query
                                                                                 • Accelerate modelingg                                                               weights,
                                                                                                                                                                          g ,                                                                                                                 Overall
                                                                                                                                                                      sum up                                                                                                                  ranking
                                                                                 • Tailoring/update possible                                                          to 1




                                                                                                                                                                                                      IN ACCORDANCE: diesel
                                                                                                                                                                                                      MISSING: gas


                                                                                                         Step 1: Take design decisions
                                                                                                                                                                      Earlier projects                                                       Objects from current project
                                                                                                                                                                      stored in the database                                                 that occur also in the earlier project

                                                                                                                                   Step 2: Core mapping
                                                                                 requirements model
                                                                                        (PIM)
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Similarity search
                                                                                  manual,                  refined model
                                                                                                                (PIM)
                                                                                                                                                                                                     & new anchor object-
                                                                                  support for                                                              Step 3: Incorporate
                                                                                  checking readiness
                                                                                                                                                                   hardware                          based similarity measure
                                                                                                                                                                   details
                                                                                                       automated
                                                                                                                                  Matlab/Simulink
                                                                                                                                  M tl b/Si li k model
                                                                                                                                                   d l

                                                                                 Model                                              (PSM – Matlab)
                                                                                                                                      (PIM – RCP)


                                                                                 transformation                                    interactive,
                                                                                                                                   add RCP platform
                                                                                                                                   specific libraries     specific libraries considered
                                                                                                                                                                 (PSM – RCP)




                                                                                                                                           Evolution (over t)




    Project Partners and Industry Involvement


iStar Showcase 2011                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 60
Designing the Trentino Innovation Network:
                               Applying Tropos to TasLab
                                                  Fabiano Dalpiaz, Paolo Giorgini – University of Trento, Italy
                                                 Valentina Ferrari, Stefano Tinella – Informatica Trentina, Italy

                      Context: the TasLab initiative                                                                         From goals to services
                                                                                                                 1. Represent stakeholders’ needs via Tropos goal models
  TasLab (Trentino as a Lab)
              An innovation network for the ICT sector
              Trentino Province, Italy
              Focus on innovation for the public administration

  Why such initiative?
              Trentino is a research-intensive territory (+1000 researchers in the ICT
               area, population ½ million)
              Autonomous governance allows for experimenting innovation in the
               public sector
              Implementation facilities for research: +700 SME in the ICT sector
              Innovative Lead User: local public administration

  The TasLab cornerstone: the Innovation tripole
              The synergy between research, industry, and users creates innovation




                                                                                                             2. Cluster goals according to
                                                                                                             macro-categories:




                                                                                                                                                               3. Link goals to TasLab
  Towards TasLab: a set of coordinated initiatives
              We consider a project concerning the organizational design of the
                                                                                                                                                               services
                                                                                                                                                               Introduce TasLab as
               TasLab innovation network1
                                                                                                                                                                system-to-be
                                                                                                                                                               Services are tasks
                                                                                                                                                               Link via means-end
                        The Alignment Problem                                                                                                                   relation


  The project included several concurrent activities
              Top-down: interviews to elicit stakehoders’s needs and constraints from
                                                                                                             4. Check alignment
               the TasLab vision
                                                                                                             Most goals supported by
                                                                              R1. TasLab has to be a legal
                            R1. TasLab shall innovate                                                         services
                                                                              entity
                            ICT services via industry-                                                       Some goals will be
      Province of                                                             R2. Researchers involved in
                            research cooperation
      Trento (PAT)          R2. …
                                                                              strategic decisions             supported by adopting
                                                          Researchers         R3. …                           best practices
                                                                                                             A few goals not supported
                              Industries                                                                       • e.g. feedback on
                                                 R1. Companies shall play a more                                  project proposals and
                                                 important role in ICT innovation
                                                                                         …                        completed projects
                                                 R2. …

              Bottom-up: organizational design of the innovation network
                Services to offer to participants (e.g. scouting, funding, dissemination, …)
                Business processes to support these services                                                           Benefits                       Lessons Learned
  A problem of alignment!                                                                                    Effective   communication      to × Users understand a subset of
              Are the needs and constraints supported by organizational design?                               people with different profiles      the language concepts
              Are there services/processes stakeholders do not need?                                              Managers
                                                                                                                   Researchers                       × Input data heterogeneity makes
                                                                                                                   System analysts                     modelling hard
                                   Our Approach                                                                    Developers                            Different levels of abstraction
                                                                                                                                                           (strategic vs. operational)
                                                                                                              Social dependencies useful to              Different vocabularies
  We conducted a top-down analysis                                                                            relate the interests of multiple
             1. Analyse the interviews and the vision documents                                                stakeholders                     × Some requirements types are
             2. Use Tropos to model stakeholders’ needs                                                                                           not supported
             3. Cluster goals according to macro-categories (TasLab services are                              Loose      coupling      between    e.g. Needs vs. constraints
                grouped in these categories)                                                                   language     and    methodology
             4. Introduce TasLab actor as system-to-be and assign it leaf goals from                                                            × Actor-based modularity is not
                                                                                                               allowed mapping stakeholders’
                other actors                                                                                                                      enough
                                                                                                               goals to organizational design      Category-based modularity
             5. Link goals to services via means-end relation
             6. Check alignment (do services support stakeholders’ needs?)
             7. Provide recommendations to organizational designers
                                                                                                                                          References
  Spiral approach to iteratively refine the analysis                                                         Bresciani, P., Perini, A., Giorgini, P., Giunchiglia, F., Mylopoulos, J.: Tropos:
    • Due to the evolution of needs and organizational design                                                 An agent-oriented software development methodology. Autonomous Agents
                                                                                                              and Multi-Agent Systems (3) (2004) pp. 203–236


                                        1Project "Knowledge and know-how transfer among research centers and enterprises, including
                                        also the mobility of researchers and technicians", the operation implemented has been selected
                                        under an operational programme co-financed by the ESF, Operative Programme 2007-2013 of the
                                        Autonomous Province of Trento (act n. 1637 (30.06.2008))
iStar Showcase 2011                                                                                                                                                                               61

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3posters from i starshowcase v5 posters

  • 1. Modelling Requirements for an Integrated Management System for Civil Construction FINEP Fernanda Alencar1, Jaelson Castro2, José R R Menezes3, José J R Silva3, Emanuel Santos2 1 Dep. Eletrônica e Sistemas, 2 Centro de Informática, 3 Dep. Engenharia Civil, Laboratório de Engenharia de Requisitos www.cin.ufpe.br/~ler Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Brazil fernanda.ralencar@ufpe.br, {jbc, ebs}@cin.ufpe.br, {jmenezes, jjrs}@ufpe.br, {jbc, ebs}@cin.ufpe.br Introduction Motivation Environmental Management System (ISO 14001) The IMS Project Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Services (OHSAS 18001) Quality Management (ISO 9001) Environmental Occupational Health Management and Safety Proposal System Assessment Services The “Integrated Management System for Civil Construction – IMS” project (ISO 14001) (OHSAS 18001) Compute the results of the internal inspection Detect non-conformities to the standards Quality Management Reduce small errors related to incorrect filling of auditing forms ISO 9001) Partners Civil Engineering Industry, academic and Brazilian government Objective  The development of the Integrated Management System (IMS), in order to support for integrated management of civil construction organizations aiming at their sustainability The Approach Elicit stakeholders Consider current i* (iStar) Crash Construct i* Validate i* Propose initial needs Information course * Models models architecture of the (Imeetings) Systems IMS The Proposal 1a. The Strategic Dependency Model of the IMS 1b. The Strategic Rationale Model of the IMS 2. Initial architecture of the IMS Lessons Learned Conclusions and Future Works  Conceptual model of integrated management system in  Elicitation with i* place, with certification in two construction companies.  Excellent mechanism for elicitation of stakeholders needs,  Seven (07) construction companies have benefited directly intentions and desires from the activities of this project, participating in courses and  Help to keep focus during discussions with our partners seminars  Reasoning with i*  Fifty (50) companies had direct access to project results  Civil engineers exposed to i*  Future works  Requirements Engineering is not common in civil  Complete the IMS development construction  Validate IMS  High learning curve  Further case studies  Dealing with complexity and scalability iStar Showcase 2011 59
  • 2. Managing Requirements Knowledge – A Case Study on Control Systems Dominik Schmitz1, Matthias Jarke1,2, Hans W. Nissen3, Thomas Rose2 1 RWTH Aachen University, 2 Fraunhofer FIT, 3 Cologne University of Applied Sciences 1 Problems 2 Solution Innovations in Control System Engineering Start St t keyword based • Model based capture of Model-based shared history requirements with i* Innovations in cars nowadays with same customer Choose • Domain models to domain model are mainly driven by software, add another represent particular domain refinement but control systems and model extension knowledge/experiences software engineering clean up (tool supported) • A situational method Project-specific currently do not interact requirements model engineering approach to ⇒ methodological comple- manual, in-depth similarity search support the development investigation mentarity is hindered process Identify related Application domain: combustion engine controller historic projects • A similarity search for decide on reuse add, refine projects at the level of model-based transformation First system design requirements Specific Characteristics of Small- and & cost calculation • Continuous model-based Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Detailed design Feedback via development, esp. [Details omitted] domain model • Dominate in individual control systems engineering Implementation updates model transformation • Profound knowledge in a particular, narrow field as [Details • Support for evolving omitted] itt d] the core asset of the enterprise Finalize project/ reflect domain knowledge • High frequency of innovations – knowledge, Stop completeness strategy Start Stop experiences evolve quickly Choose completeness strategy Explicit decision to domain model • Focus on specific customer issues with very individual domain model base update domain model(s) Technologies remove add problems and solutions ⇒ no opportunities for Project-specific requirements model manual inspection manual inspection & consolidation • i* for modeling Identify related Identify candidates Identify candidates planned product families historic projects for deletions for extensions • Telos/ConceptBase for Detailed design suitably frequent, above threshold suitably frequent, above threshold Identify project- model management specific deletions Relate recurring extensions among several projects Need for an integrated approach to Implementation investigate recent project structural anchor object based • Eclipse platform text-based similarity similarity Start similarity investigate Finalize project/ project Extract project- manage requirements knowledge recent project reflect base specific extensions • Java-based Stop Decouple via databases Concerns a single project Concerns all (recent) historic projects 3 Application Details Pre-defined queries Ad-hoc, user- referring to the domain model defined queries Domain models • Common starting point Query • Accelerate modelingg weights, g , Overall sum up ranking • Tailoring/update possible to 1 IN ACCORDANCE: diesel MISSING: gas Step 1: Take design decisions Earlier projects Objects from current project stored in the database that occur also in the earlier project Step 2: Core mapping requirements model (PIM) Similarity search manual, refined model (PIM) & new anchor object- support for Step 3: Incorporate checking readiness hardware based similarity measure details automated Matlab/Simulink M tl b/Si li k model d l Model (PSM – Matlab) (PIM – RCP) transformation interactive, add RCP platform specific libraries specific libraries considered (PSM – RCP) Evolution (over t) Project Partners and Industry Involvement iStar Showcase 2011 60
  • 3. Designing the Trentino Innovation Network: Applying Tropos to TasLab Fabiano Dalpiaz, Paolo Giorgini – University of Trento, Italy Valentina Ferrari, Stefano Tinella – Informatica Trentina, Italy Context: the TasLab initiative From goals to services 1. Represent stakeholders’ needs via Tropos goal models  TasLab (Trentino as a Lab)  An innovation network for the ICT sector  Trentino Province, Italy  Focus on innovation for the public administration  Why such initiative?  Trentino is a research-intensive territory (+1000 researchers in the ICT area, population ½ million)  Autonomous governance allows for experimenting innovation in the public sector  Implementation facilities for research: +700 SME in the ICT sector  Innovative Lead User: local public administration  The TasLab cornerstone: the Innovation tripole  The synergy between research, industry, and users creates innovation 2. Cluster goals according to macro-categories: 3. Link goals to TasLab  Towards TasLab: a set of coordinated initiatives  We consider a project concerning the organizational design of the services Introduce TasLab as TasLab innovation network1 system-to-be Services are tasks Link via means-end The Alignment Problem relation  The project included several concurrent activities  Top-down: interviews to elicit stakehoders’s needs and constraints from 4. Check alignment the TasLab vision Most goals supported by R1. TasLab has to be a legal R1. TasLab shall innovate services entity ICT services via industry- Some goals will be Province of R2. Researchers involved in research cooperation Trento (PAT) R2. … strategic decisions supported by adopting Researchers R3. … best practices A few goals not supported Industries • e.g. feedback on R1. Companies shall play a more project proposals and important role in ICT innovation … completed projects R2. …  Bottom-up: organizational design of the innovation network  Services to offer to participants (e.g. scouting, funding, dissemination, …)  Business processes to support these services Benefits Lessons Learned  A problem of alignment!  Effective communication to × Users understand a subset of  Are the needs and constraints supported by organizational design? people with different profiles the language concepts  Are there services/processes stakeholders do not need?  Managers  Researchers × Input data heterogeneity makes  System analysts modelling hard Our Approach  Developers  Different levels of abstraction (strategic vs. operational)  Social dependencies useful to  Different vocabularies  We conducted a top-down analysis relate the interests of multiple 1. Analyse the interviews and the vision documents stakeholders × Some requirements types are 2. Use Tropos to model stakeholders’ needs not supported 3. Cluster goals according to macro-categories (TasLab services are  Loose coupling between  e.g. Needs vs. constraints grouped in these categories) language and methodology 4. Introduce TasLab actor as system-to-be and assign it leaf goals from × Actor-based modularity is not allowed mapping stakeholders’ other actors enough goals to organizational design  Category-based modularity 5. Link goals to services via means-end relation 6. Check alignment (do services support stakeholders’ needs?) 7. Provide recommendations to organizational designers References  Spiral approach to iteratively refine the analysis Bresciani, P., Perini, A., Giorgini, P., Giunchiglia, F., Mylopoulos, J.: Tropos: • Due to the evolution of needs and organizational design An agent-oriented software development methodology. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (3) (2004) pp. 203–236 1Project "Knowledge and know-how transfer among research centers and enterprises, including also the mobility of researchers and technicians", the operation implemented has been selected under an operational programme co-financed by the ESF, Operative Programme 2007-2013 of the Autonomous Province of Trento (act n. 1637 (30.06.2008)) iStar Showcase 2011 61