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So you’re about to start working with some of the most precious children you’ll ever come into contact with….. Click here to advance to the NEXT slide!!
… .and you have a tremendous opportunity to use behavior analysis to improve a young person’s life…..
… .with  discrete trial procedures   being the tool for this gratifying success…..
… .so let’s learn how to  properly  administer discrete trials and really make a difference!!
The Building Blocks Reinforcer Behavior Analysis Discrete Trial Discriminative  Stimulus (S D ) Reinforcement Stimulus Indirect-acting Consequence Prompt Hierarchy of Prompts Direct-acting Consequence
The Building Blocks Reinforcer: Any stimulus, event, or condition whose  presentation  immediately follows a response and  increases  the frequency of that response.
The Building Blocks Direct-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by 60-seconds or less. Note:  All non-verbal behavior is controlled by direct-acting consequences.
The Building Blocks Direct-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by 60-seconds or less. Remember!!  Most of the children you’re going to be working with at WoodsEdge are non-verbal, hence  only  controlled by  direct-acting  consequences!
The Building Blocks Indirect-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by more than 60-seconds. Remember!!  Most of the children you’re going to be working with at WoodsEdge are  non-verbal , hence  are not  controlled by  indirect-acting  consequences!
The Building Blocks Stimulus: Something that can or may cause a response.
The Building Blocks Prompt: A supplemental stimulus that raises the probability of a correct response.
The Building Blocks Discriminative Stimulus (S D ): A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished.
The Building Blocks Reinforcement: The immediate, response-contingent  presentation  of a reinforcer resulting in an  increased  frequency of that response.
The Building Blocks Hierarchy of Prompts: The correction procedure delivered within 3 seconds of the child failing to respond or immediately after the child makes an incorrect response.
The Building Blocks Verbal Prompt  (e.g. “water on”) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly within 3 seconds, then go on to the next prompt. The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of:
The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of:   Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt  (e.g. point to  faucet handle) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly then go on to the next prompt.
The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of:   Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to  faucet handle) Partial Physical Prompt  (e.g. nudge child’s wrist) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly then go on to the next prompt.
The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of:   Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to  faucet handle) Partial Physical Prompt (e.g. nudge child’s wrist) Full Physical Prompt (i.e. guide child to respond)
The Building Blocks Note:  You  DO NOT  provide reinforcement for a corrected response!!
The Building Blocks Discrete Trial: The occasion for a response (i.e. the S D ), the response, and the outcome of that response.
The Building Blocks Behavior Analysis: The study of the operation of the principles of behavior with both human beings and other animals.
Activity #1 You do not need to write these answers down, but remember to complete the homework before class  Given a definition or a related question, select the term that best matches  the given definition or question.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#1
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry….  Remember a  Reinforcer  is any stimulus, event, or condition whose  presentation  immediately follows a response and  increases  the frequency of that response.  Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry….  Remember a  Discriminative Stimulus (S D )  is a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry…. Remember a  Discrete Trial  is the occasion for a response (i.e. the S D ), the response, and the outcome of that response. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! Click here for the next question
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#2
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry….  Remember a  Discriminative Stimulus (S D )  is a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… Remember a  Stimulus  is something that can or may cause a response. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… Remember a  Direct-acting Consequence  is any outcome that follows a response by 60-seconds or less. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! Click here for the next question
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry…  Remember that  Reinforcement   is the immediate, response-contingent  presentation  of a reinforcer resulting in an  increased  frequency of that response. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry…. Remember a  Discrete Trial  is the occasion for a response (i.e. the S D ), the response, and the outcome of that response. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry….  Remember a  Discriminative Stimulus (S D )  is a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! Click here for the next question
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#4
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry….  Remember a  Discriminative Stimulus (S D )  is a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… Remember  a  Prompt   is a supplemental stimulus that raises the probability of a correct response.   Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… Remember an  Indirect-acting Consequence  is any outcome that follows a response by 60-seconds or less. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! Click here for the next question
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#5
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… that’s  #2  on the Hierarchy of Prompts Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… that’s the  first  prompt on the Hierarchy of Prompts Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… that’s  #3  on the Hierarchy of Prompts Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! Click here for the next question
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#6
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry….  Remember a  Reinforcer  is any stimulus, event, or condition whose  presentation  immediately follows a response and  increases  the frequency of that response.  Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… that’s  #2  on the Hierarchy of Prompts.  This consists of motioning or  gesturing  to the correct response  Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry…. Remember a  Discrete Trial  is the occasion for a response, the response,  and the outcome of that response. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!!  A  Discriminative Stimulus (S D )  is a stimulus  in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished.  (e.g. the instructions in the procedures book) On to the next section! Back to the previous question!
NICE JOB!!!  Now let’s learn more about discrete trials….
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Now that we’ve got the definition down, let’s look at  each  of the  3 parts  that make up a  discrete trial ….
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],Example!! “ Johnny, play with the car.”
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object]
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],Example!!
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object]
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],Example!! “ Nice job playing with the car, Johnny!!”
Discrete Trial Now let’s put all  3 parts  together!
Discrete Trial Example!! The S D : The response: The consequence: “ Nice job playing with the car, Johnny!!”  “ Johnny, play with the car.”   Johnny plays with the car.
Activity #2 Given a description of a discrete trial, select the correct name of the  highlighted  part of the trial being described.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#7
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… The  consequence  is the outcome of the response “grabbing the phone” Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… The  S D   consists of the instructions given “Johnny, use the phone” Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! On to the next question! Back to the previous question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#8
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… The response what the child does after given the instructions (S D ) “Johnny, use the phone” Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… The  S D   consists of the instructions given “Johnny, use the phone” Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! On to the next question! Back to the previous question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#9
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… The response what the child does after given the instructions (S D ) “Johnny, where’s your shirt” Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… The  consequence  is the outcome of the response “grabbing his shirt” Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! On to the next section! Back to the previous question!
Activity #3 Given a description of a series of events,  select whether those events constitute a  discrete trial .
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#10
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… Remember that  a discrete trial must  have an S D  (an occasion for a response to occur; i.e. instructions).  An example of this would be “Johnny, point to the dog.” Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!! A  discrete trial must  have an S D   (an occasion for a response to occur; i.e. instructions).  An example of this would be “Johnny, point to the dog.” On to the next question! Back to the previous question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#11
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… Remember a correct discrete trial contains an S D (the instructions “use the phone”),  the response, and the immediate outcome. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!!  This example DOES contain an S D (the instructions “use the phone”),  the response,  and an immediate outcome. On to the next section! Back to the previous question!
NICE JOB!!!  Now let’s learn how to discriminate a  correct  discrete trial from an  incorrect  discrete trial…
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],So what makes a discrete trial correct or incorrect??
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #1:  Check the presumed  reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#1:  Check the presumed  reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#1:  Check the presumed  reinforcer first. HINT!! You can do this  by placing 2 or 3 of the child’s reinforcers (toys/edibles) on the table and seeing which one he/she grabs first
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial Complete the next two steps PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D ) to the child…
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2:  Make sure the child has  stopped manipulating   their preferred reinforcer  and/or the objects used  in the procedure. PRIOR to delivering  the instructions (S D )…
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2:  Make sure the child has  stopped manipulating   their preferred reinforcer  and/or the objects used  in the procedure. HINT!! You can get most of the children  to do this by saying “Quiet Hands”.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #3:   Make sure the child is  looking at you   or the appropriate stimulus  used in the procedure PRIOR to delivering  the instructions (S D )…
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial So now that you have a TRUE reinforcer and the child’s FULL attention...
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial … .let’s learn the steps to  correctly deliver the instructions (S D ) !!
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #4:  Deliver the instructions (the S D )  exactly  as it is written in the child’s procedures, with no additional prompts.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D )  with a  neutral tone  of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D )  with a  neutral tone  of voice. In other words:  without smiling, laughing, or anything else that may be reinforcing to the child.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D )  with a  neutral tone  of voice. … smiling, laughing, “excited” tones, etc. should be used as reinforcing consequences and paired with praise.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D )  with a  neutral tone  of voice. So, let’s see an S D  delivered INCORRECTLY  (i.e.  without  a neutral tone of voice)
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!”   #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a  neutral tone   of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!”   #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a  neutral tone   of voice. Notice how the instructions were given with an  excited  tone while  smiling …
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose.”   #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a  neutral tone   of voice. Now let’s see  an S D  delivered CORRECTLY  (i.e.  with  a neutral tone of voice)…
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a  neutral tone  of voice. “ Susie, touch your nose.”
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!”   #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a  neutral tone   of voice. Notice how the S D   is delivered with  a neutral tone with  no reinforcing facial expressions  (e.g. smiling, laughing)
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial So now what do you do once the child makes a response  to your instructions (S D )??
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6:  Reinforce  only  the correct  behavior of the child  (as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6:  Reinforce  only  the correct  behavior of the child  (as listed in the procedures). Remember!!  Use the Hierarchy of Prompts for all incorrect behaviors…
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6:  Reinforce  only  the correct  behavior of the child  (as listed in the procedures). … and DO NOT  provide reinforcement for a corrected response!!
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #7:  Deliver the outcome  (either a reinforcer or the proper  correction procedure)  within  1 second   of the child’s response.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial Let’s review all of the steps once again…
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #1:  Check the presumed  reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2:  Make sure the child has  stopped manipulating   their preferred reinforcer  and/or the objects used  in the procedure. PRIOR to delivering  the instructions (S D )…
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #3:   Make sure the child is  looking at you   or the  appropriate stimulus   used in the procedure PRIOR to delivering  the instructions (S D )…
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #4:  Deliver the instructions (the S D )  exactly  as it is instructed in the child’s procedures,  with no additional prompts.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5:  Deliver the instructions (the S D )  with a  neutral tone  of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6:  Reinforce  only  the correct  behavior of the child  (as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #7:  Deliver the outcome  (either a reinforcer or the proper  correction procedure)  within  1 second   of the child’s response.
Activity #4 Given a description of TWO discrete trials, select which trial was administered correctly
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#12
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… remember the rules about WHEN to deliver the S D . Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],That’s right!!!  The child is looking  at the technician prior to the delivery of the S D . Click here for the next question
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#13
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… let’s review. #2:  Make sure the child has  stopped manipulating   their preferred reinforcer  and/or the objects used  in the procedure. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],That’s right!! The technician should NOT deliver the S D  while  the child is manipulating the object used  in the procedure. On to the next section! Back to the previous question!
Activity #5 Given a description of a discrete trial, select the whether the trial was administered correctly or incorrectly
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#14
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… Remember Step #7…   #7:  Deliver the outcome  (either a reinforcer or the proper  correction procedure)  within  1 second   of the child’s response. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!!  The reinforcer must be delivered within  1 second  of the correct response On to the next section! Back to the previous question!
Activity #6 Given a description of a discrete trial, select whether the trial was administered correctly or incorrectly…
Activity #6 cont. … THEN select, from the options given, WHY the trial was correct or incorrect.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#15
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!!  Click here for the next question
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#16
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… the Hierarchy of Prompts  states that you use  a verbal prompt first,  then a gestural prompt, followed by a partial physical and finally a full physical prompt. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry…that’s not it.  The outcome was delivered immediately after the corrected response. Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sorry… It’s perfectly fine  to use toys as reinforcers  (as long as you’ve checked to make sure the child enjoys the toy) Back to the question!
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Right On!!!  You  DO NOT   provide reinforcement for a corrected response!!   On to the next section! Back to the previous question!
NICE JOB!!!
You are….
ALL DONE!!!

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Discrete trial workshow

  • 1. So you’re about to start working with some of the most precious children you’ll ever come into contact with….. Click here to advance to the NEXT slide!!
  • 2. … .and you have a tremendous opportunity to use behavior analysis to improve a young person’s life…..
  • 3. … .with discrete trial procedures being the tool for this gratifying success…..
  • 4. … .so let’s learn how to properly administer discrete trials and really make a difference!!
  • 5. The Building Blocks Reinforcer Behavior Analysis Discrete Trial Discriminative Stimulus (S D ) Reinforcement Stimulus Indirect-acting Consequence Prompt Hierarchy of Prompts Direct-acting Consequence
  • 6. The Building Blocks Reinforcer: Any stimulus, event, or condition whose presentation immediately follows a response and increases the frequency of that response.
  • 7. The Building Blocks Direct-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by 60-seconds or less. Note: All non-verbal behavior is controlled by direct-acting consequences.
  • 8. The Building Blocks Direct-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by 60-seconds or less. Remember!! Most of the children you’re going to be working with at WoodsEdge are non-verbal, hence only controlled by direct-acting consequences!
  • 9. The Building Blocks Indirect-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by more than 60-seconds. Remember!! Most of the children you’re going to be working with at WoodsEdge are non-verbal , hence are not controlled by indirect-acting consequences!
  • 10. The Building Blocks Stimulus: Something that can or may cause a response.
  • 11. The Building Blocks Prompt: A supplemental stimulus that raises the probability of a correct response.
  • 12. The Building Blocks Discriminative Stimulus (S D ): A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished.
  • 13. The Building Blocks Reinforcement: The immediate, response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.
  • 14. The Building Blocks Hierarchy of Prompts: The correction procedure delivered within 3 seconds of the child failing to respond or immediately after the child makes an incorrect response.
  • 15. The Building Blocks Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly within 3 seconds, then go on to the next prompt. The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of:
  • 16. The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of: Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to faucet handle) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly then go on to the next prompt.
  • 17. The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of: Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to faucet handle) Partial Physical Prompt (e.g. nudge child’s wrist) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly then go on to the next prompt.
  • 18. The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of: Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to faucet handle) Partial Physical Prompt (e.g. nudge child’s wrist) Full Physical Prompt (i.e. guide child to respond)
  • 19. The Building Blocks Note: You DO NOT provide reinforcement for a corrected response!!
  • 20. The Building Blocks Discrete Trial: The occasion for a response (i.e. the S D ), the response, and the outcome of that response.
  • 21. The Building Blocks Behavior Analysis: The study of the operation of the principles of behavior with both human beings and other animals.
  • 22. Activity #1 You do not need to write these answers down, but remember to complete the homework before class Given a definition or a related question, select the term that best matches the given definition or question.
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  • 53. NICE JOB!!! Now let’s learn more about discrete trials….
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  • 62. Discrete Trial Now let’s put all 3 parts together!
  • 63. Discrete Trial Example!! The S D : The response: The consequence: “ Nice job playing with the car, Johnny!!” “ Johnny, play with the car.” Johnny plays with the car.
  • 64. Activity #2 Given a description of a discrete trial, select the correct name of the highlighted part of the trial being described.
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  • 77. Activity #3 Given a description of a series of events, select whether those events constitute a discrete trial .
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  • 84. NICE JOB!!! Now let’s learn how to discriminate a correct discrete trial from an incorrect discrete trial…
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  • 87. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #1: Check the presumed reinforcer first.
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  • 90. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial Complete the next two steps PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D ) to the child…
  • 91. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2: Make sure the child has stopped manipulating their preferred reinforcer and/or the objects used in the procedure. PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D )…
  • 92. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2: Make sure the child has stopped manipulating their preferred reinforcer and/or the objects used in the procedure. HINT!! You can get most of the children to do this by saying “Quiet Hands”.
  • 93. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #3: Make sure the child is looking at you or the appropriate stimulus used in the procedure PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D )…
  • 94. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial So now that you have a TRUE reinforcer and the child’s FULL attention...
  • 95. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial … .let’s learn the steps to correctly deliver the instructions (S D ) !!
  • 96. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #4: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) exactly as it is written in the child’s procedures, with no additional prompts.
  • 97. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice.
  • 98. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. In other words: without smiling, laughing, or anything else that may be reinforcing to the child.
  • 99. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. … smiling, laughing, “excited” tones, etc. should be used as reinforcing consequences and paired with praise.
  • 100. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. So, let’s see an S D delivered INCORRECTLY (i.e. without a neutral tone of voice)
  • 101. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!” #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice.
  • 102. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!” #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. Notice how the instructions were given with an excited tone while smiling …
  • 103. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose.” #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. Now let’s see an S D delivered CORRECTLY (i.e. with a neutral tone of voice)…
  • 104. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. “ Susie, touch your nose.”
  • 105. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!” #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. Notice how the S D is delivered with a neutral tone with no reinforcing facial expressions (e.g. smiling, laughing)
  • 106. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial So now what do you do once the child makes a response to your instructions (S D )??
  • 107. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6: Reinforce only the correct behavior of the child (as listed in the procedures).
  • 108. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6: Reinforce only the correct behavior of the child (as listed in the procedures). Remember!! Use the Hierarchy of Prompts for all incorrect behaviors…
  • 109. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6: Reinforce only the correct behavior of the child (as listed in the procedures). … and DO NOT provide reinforcement for a corrected response!!
  • 110. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #7: Deliver the outcome (either a reinforcer or the proper correction procedure) within 1 second of the child’s response.
  • 111. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial Let’s review all of the steps once again…
  • 112. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #1: Check the presumed reinforcer first.
  • 113. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2: Make sure the child has stopped manipulating their preferred reinforcer and/or the objects used in the procedure. PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D )…
  • 114. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #3: Make sure the child is looking at you or the appropriate stimulus used in the procedure PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D )…
  • 115. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #4: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) exactly as it is instructed in the child’s procedures, with no additional prompts.
  • 116. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice.
  • 117. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6: Reinforce only the correct behavior of the child (as listed in the procedures).
  • 118. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #7: Deliver the outcome (either a reinforcer or the proper correction procedure) within 1 second of the child’s response.
  • 119. Activity #4 Given a description of TWO discrete trials, select which trial was administered correctly
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  • 126. Activity #5 Given a description of a discrete trial, select the whether the trial was administered correctly or incorrectly
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  • 130. Activity #6 Given a description of a discrete trial, select whether the trial was administered correctly or incorrectly…
  • 131. Activity #6 cont. … THEN select, from the options given, WHY the trial was correct or incorrect.
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