It is confidentially predicted that over the next decade, Asia will have one of the fastest growing tourist population in the world… KAZEMI Dec. 2007 Lulea University of Technology

It is confidentially predicted that over the next decade, Asia will have one of the fastest growing tourist population in the world…

tour·ism [toor ìzzəm] noun Microsoft® Encarta® 2007. © 1993-2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. travel to obtain service : travel to benefit from a particular service or activity that is unavailable at home ( usually used in combination ) health tourism 3. travel business : the business of arranging travel and travel services for people 2. travel for pleasure : the activity of traveling for pleasure 1.

travel to obtain service : travel to benefit from a particular service or activity that is unavailable at home ( usually used in combination )

health tourism

www.yellowpages-cambodia.com/images/maps/Southeastasia PHILIPPINES THAILAND INDIA SINGAPORE MALAYSIA The Booming MEDICAL TOURISM In ASIA

Medical tourism in Asia is relatively new brought on in the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis that led first private hospitals in some Asian countries to seek alternative revenue sources… KAZEMI Dec. 2007 Lulea University of Technology

Medical tourism in Asia is relatively new brought on in the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis that led first private hospitals in some Asian countries to seek alternative revenue sources…

Asia represents the most potential medical tourism market in the world. In 2007, the region generated revenues worth US$ 3.4 Billion, accounting for nearly 12.7% of the global market “ Asian Medical Tourism Analysis (2008-2012)” Bharatbook June 2008

Asia represents the most potential medical tourism market in the world. In 2007, the region generated revenues worth US$ 3.4 Billion, accounting for nearly 12.7% of the global market

MEDICAL TOURISM, Defined Popular mass culture where people travel often long distances to overseas destinations to obtain medical, dental and surgical care while simultaneously being holiday makers in a more conventional sense Connell 2006

Popular mass culture where people travel often long distances to overseas destinations to obtain medical, dental and surgical care while simultaneously being holiday makers in a more conventional sense

MEDICAL TOURISM, Defined Provision of cost-effective private medical care in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of specialized treatment. India Medical Care, 2007

Provision of cost-effective private medical care in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of specialized treatment.

Medical Treatment Alternative & Complimentary Medicine Medical Tourism Wellness Tourism MEDICAL TOURISM, Structure Jabarri, 2007 Health Tourism

Any help and treatment that is beyond the usage of Western Medicine (Avijgan, 2007) Dietary supplements, mega dose vitamins, herbal preparations, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing and meditation Complimentary medicine- used together with conventional Alternative medicine- used in place of conventional COMPLIMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

Any help and treatment that is beyond the usage of Western Medicine (Avijgan, 2007)

Dietary supplements, mega dose vitamins, herbal preparations, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing and meditation

Complimentary medicine- used together with conventional

Alternative medicine- used in place of conventional

Medical Surgical (Cosmetic, Non-Cosmetic) Dental Reproductive: (Fertility, Birth, Sex Change) Medical Treatment Medical Tourism Wellness Tourism Alternative & Complimentary Medicine MEDICAL TOURISM, Structure Jabarri, 2007 Health Tourism

MEDICAL TOURISM, Defined MEDICAL TOURISM Consumer Benifit Social Issues Branding Product Infrastructure Communication Channel Legal Framework Operators Caballero, Danell & Mugomba, 2006

MEDICAL TOURISM, What’s at stake? Medical Tourism A business that: – creates value within the tourism and healthcare – attracts foreign exchange and investment capital – creates supply and demand for high skilled labor pool – generates the highest revenue per visit of any tourist category

Initially, medical tourists were composed of only the affluent and well-to-do people from all over the world, who could afford to travel abroad to receive the best medical attention. medical tourists now also consist of average earning individuals. Who are medical tourists ? Asian Medical & Hospital Center

Initially, medical tourists were composed of only the affluent and well-to-do people from all over the world, who could afford to travel abroad to receive the best medical attention.

medical tourists now also consist of average earning individuals.

Why would someone travel halfway across the world to a foreign country for these health care? Even if these procedures are available in the home country. What are the significant reasons?….

Why would someone travel halfway across the world to a foreign country for these health care?

Earliest medical tourism centers 2000 BC – (Bronze Age) hill tribes near present day St. Moritz, Switzerland gathered around to drink & bathe in the iron rich mineral springs of the region 4000 BC – Sumerians constructed the earliest known health complexes alongside mineral water springs that included elevated temples and flowing pools GREEKS – first laid the foundation for a comprehensive health tourism system Health Medical Tourism, 2005 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

Earliest medical tourism centers

2000 BC – (Bronze Age) hill tribes near present day St. Moritz, Switzerland gathered around to drink & bathe in the iron rich mineral springs of the region

4000 BC – Sumerians constructed the earliest known health complexes alongside mineral water springs that included elevated temples and flowing pools

GREEKS – first laid the foundation for a comprehensive health tourism system

The rise of Greek medical tourism Asclepia temples – earliest healing centers, where patients from around the region congregated for therapeutic purposes Greek mythology – Asclepius, the God of Medicine, mentored by Chiron, the master of Medicine 4 th Century BC – Asclepian healing temples had been constructed throughout the length and breadth of the Grecian world. Wikipeda, 2007 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

The rise of Greek medical tourism

Asclepia temples – earliest healing centers, where patients from around the region congregated for therapeutic purposes

Greek mythology – Asclepius, the God of Medicine, mentored by Chiron, the master of Medicine

4 th Century BC – Asclepian healing temples had been constructed throughout the length and breadth of the Grecian world.

The rise of Greek medical tourism Epidaurus Asclepia Temple Complex flourished well until 4 th century AD Included: Bathing springs Dream temple Gymnasiun Palaestra (exercise area) Snake farm Health Medical Tourism, 2007 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

The rise of Greek medical tourism

Epidaurus Asclepia Temple Complex flourished well until 4 th century AD

Included:

Bathing springs

Dream temple

Gymnasiun

Palaestra (exercise area)

Snake farm

Ancient Roman medical tourism Thermae (hot water baths) – not only used for obvious medicinal purposes but served as important social networking venues for some of the Europe’s most privileged elite ( Health Medical Tourism, 2005) Because of active trade, Thermae expansion included the following: Ayurvedic massage Chinese medicine Aspects of Buddhist spiritual healing ( Health Medical Industry, 2005) MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

Ancient Roman medical tourism

Thermae (hot water baths) – not only used for obvious medicinal purposes but served as important social networking venues for some of the Europe’s most privileged elite ( Health Medical Tourism, 2005)

Because of active trade, Thermae expansion included the following:

Ayurvedic massage

Chinese medicine

Aspects of Buddhist spiritual healing ( Health Medical Industry, 2005)

Early Islamic civilization Mansuri Hospital in Cairo (erected 1210 AD) In patient capacity 8000 people Largest hospital of the time Most advanced health care facility Health Medical Tourism, 2007 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

Early Islamic civilization

Mansuri Hospital in Cairo (erected 1210 AD)

In patient capacity 8000 people

Largest hospital of the time

Most advanced health care facility

Medieval Japan Onsen – hot mineral springs with healing properties enriched by the surrounding volcanic soil. - discovered later by elderly farmers and hunters to be effective treatment for arthritic aches, and by warriors to alleviate pain, heal wounds and recuperate Health Medical Tourism, 2007 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

Medieval Japan

Onsen – hot mineral springs with healing properties enriched by the surrounding volcanic soil.

- discovered later by elderly farmers and hunters to be effective treatment for arthritic aches, and by warriors to alleviate pain, heal wounds and recuperate

Indian Medical Tourism India’s alternative medicine and yoga (5000 yrs ago) – made India the epicenter of Eastern cultural, spiritual, and medicinal progress Remained to be a veritable Mecca for all practitioners of alternative medicine The world’s oldest medical tourism destination and now, one of the world’s popular ones Connel, 2006 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

Indian Medical Tourism

India’s alternative medicine and yoga (5000 yrs ago) – made India the epicenter of Eastern cultural, spiritual, and medicinal progress

Remained to be a veritable Mecca for all practitioners of alternative medicine

The world’s oldest medical tourism destination and now, one of the world’s popular ones

European Medical Tourism 16 th Century –Europeans discovered the Roman baths Spa towns sprung up, notably, Bath or Aquae Sulis (Sulis Minerva-water Goddess) Bath- became anointed as fashionable wellness and recreation playground for the rich and the famous. Health Medical Tourism, 2005 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

European Medical Tourism

16 th Century –Europeans discovered the Roman baths

Spa towns sprung up, notably, Bath or Aquae Sulis (Sulis Minerva-water Goddess)

Bath- became anointed as fashionable wellness and recreation playground for the rich and the famous.

Health Tourism in the new world 1600s – English and Dutch colonists in the newly discovered America constructed log cabins near mineral springs that were rich in medicinal properties. Health Medical Tourism, 2007 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

Health Tourism in the new world

1600s – English and Dutch colonists in the newly discovered America constructed log cabins near mineral springs that were rich in medicinal properties.

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia Asian countries can now attract a combined 1.3 million medical tourists per year and is increasing annually. Asia alone will be projected to generate more than USD4 billion by 2012 Gupta 2007 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia

Asian countries can now attract a combined 1.3 million medical tourists per year and is increasing annually.

Asia alone will be projected to generate more than USD4 billion by 2012

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia 1970’s- Thailand became known as a destination for medical tourism because of sex change operations, and later, cosmetic surgery After 1998 in the wake of Asian economic crisis and the need for economic diversification , Malaysia entered medical tourism Connel, 2006 MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia

1970’s- Thailand became known as a destination for medical tourism because of sex change operations, and later, cosmetic surgery

After 1998 in the wake of Asian economic crisis and the need for economic diversification , Malaysia entered medical tourism

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia Mid 1990’s – India, regarded as contemporary global center for medical tourism advertises itself as offering everything from alternative Ayurvedic therapy to coronary bypasses and cosmetic surgery MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY Connel, 2006

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia

Mid 1990’s – India, regarded as contemporary global center for medical tourism advertises itself as offering everything from alternative Ayurvedic therapy to coronary bypasses and cosmetic surgery

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia 2001 – successful separation of 10 mo. old Nepalese conjoined twins put Singapore ’s medical expertise into headlines around the world. (Wikipeda, 2007) 2006 – Joint Commission International (JCI) set up its Asia Pacific office in Singapore. The country has 9 hospitals & 2 medical centers accredited by the said commission . ( Connel, 2006) MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia

2001 – successful separation of 10 mo. old Nepalese conjoined twins put Singapore ’s medical expertise into headlines around the world. (Wikipeda, 2007)

2006 – Joint Commission International (JCI) set up its Asia Pacific office in Singapore. The country has 9 hospitals & 2 medical centers accredited by the said commission . ( Connel, 2006)

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia October 2004 – Philippine Medical Tourism Program (PMTP) was created through Executive Order No. 372 by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Nov., 2006 -"Only in the Philippines: Tender Loving (Health)Care ," the very first Philippine Medical Tourism Congress, Expo and Launch MEDICAL TOURISM, HISTORY

The Rise of Medical Tourism in Asia

October 2004 – Philippine Medical Tourism Program (PMTP) was created through Executive Order No. 372 by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

Nov., 2006 -"Only in the Philippines: Tender Loving (Health)Care ," the very first Philippine Medical Tourism Congress, Expo and Launch

History of Curative & Wellness Tourism Which are Used & Named to Each Decade Jabbari, 2007 Hospitals are more like spas & Spas are more like hospitals TODAY - Formation of International Spa Association 1991 - Health Farms & Fat Farms 20 th Century - Sea & Mountain Air (TB sanitarium) 19 th Century - Spa 17 th , 18 th century - Fountain of Youth 16 th century - Springs Middle Ages - Mineral & Hot Springs Visits Neolithic & Bronze Age-

The shifting in consumer values Increased stress & workload Older population Health care costs are escalating New attitude towards mental & spiritual activities The emergence of environmentalists Why would someone travel halfway across the world to a foreign country for wellness? Jabbari, 2007

The shifting in consumer values

Increased stress & workload

Older population

Health care costs are escalating

New attitude towards mental & spiritual activities

The emergence of environmentalists

Exhorbitant cost of treatment in the home country Treatment or surgeries not covered by health insurance in home country Long waiting periods ( in “rationed” health care in home country) No or minimal insurance coverage Privacy (Anonymity) Lack of facilities in the home country Possibility of a holiday with health care Why would someone travel halfway across the world to a foreign country for treatment? Jabbari, 2007

Exhorbitant cost of treatment in the home country

Treatment or surgeries not covered by health insurance in home country

Long waiting periods ( in “rationed” health care in home country)

No or minimal insurance coverage

Privacy (Anonymity)

Lack of facilities in the home country

Possibility of a holiday with health care

MEDICAL TOURISM, Today… In the past, health travel was restricted either to the wealthy or truly desperate. Today, with flattening global economy, international travel, mass communication and more lenient trade policies make it possible for those with modest means to enjoy the benefits of world-class health care in the form of medical tourism. KAZEMI, 2007

Objectives of Medical Travel KAZEMI Dec. 2007 vs Elective procedures: they are wait-listed in home country: UK & Canada Opportunity for high quality interventions Competitive prices Desirable environment Combination of treatment and tour. Self-paying client from the Middle East, Asia or Latin America seeking care in the USA or Western Europe. Specialists Targeted: quality care not available in home countries i.e. cardiac or plastic surgeries Need for emergency care not available in home countries. Health Medical Tourism (Present) Industrial Medical Tourism (Past)

Elective procedures: they are wait-listed in home country: UK & Canada

Opportunity for high quality interventions

Competitive prices

Desirable environment

Combination of treatment and tour.

Self-paying client from the Middle East, Asia or Latin America seeking care in the USA or Western Europe.

Specialists Targeted: quality care not available in home countries i.e. cardiac or plastic surgeries

Need for emergency care not available in home countries.

Jabarri, 2007 Trend of Medical Tourism Concept (1 st International Conference of Health Tourism in Iran) 1997 Health Tourism 1997- 2001 Transition 2001- 2007 Medical Tourism 2006- 2007 Medical Outsourcing

Sociological Aspects of Medical Outsourcing to Asia Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006 Monetary benefit to nation Savings passed on to other needs Additional income revenue Lower Costs Country Receiving Patients Country Sending Patients ECONOMIC

Sociological Aspects of Medical Outsourcing Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006 More tourism promotion in effect Opportunity for family to visit abroad Increased cultural exchanges Greater respect to host nationals Opportunity to encounter others Appreciation given host nation Country Receiving Patients Country Sending Patients SOCIAL

Sociological Aspects of Medical Outsourcing Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006 Internationalization of practices Potential for redefining of malpractice suits Greater international legal ties Promote development of agreements Country Receiving Patients Country Sending Patients LEGAL

Sociological Aspects of Medical Outsourcing Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006 Inspections by international medical regulatory boards Concerns for medical standards Reputation importance Questions of safety in follow up Raise issues of international medical ethics Less control of medical practices Increased prestige in medicine for host nation Increased contacts in exchange of people and information Country Receiving Patients Country Sending Patients MEDICAL

ADVERTISEMENT Technology Quality Reliability Overseas Training KAZEMI, 2007

THAILAND Inter-sectoral coordination Effective marketing Focus on hospitality Building Infrastructure PROMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES OF ASIAN COUNTRIES KAZEMI, 2007

THAILAND

Inter-sectoral coordination

Effective marketing

Focus on hospitality

Building Infrastructure

INDIA Low-cost treatment Effective marketing Indian companies having negotiation with National Health Service (NHS) about out-sourcing the treatment of British patients to India PROMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES OF ASIAN COUNTRIES KAZEMI, 2007

INDIA

Low-cost treatment

Effective marketing

Indian companies having negotiation with National Health Service (NHS) about out-sourcing the treatment of British patients to India

MALAYSIA Government effort to promote medical tourism promotional plans. Tax incentives Lessening import duty on medical equipment Enabling supporting infrastructure Set up 5 Committees to promote health tourism PROMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES OF ASIAN COUNTRIES KAZEMI, 2007

MALAYSIA

Government effort to promote medical tourism promotional plans.

Tax incentives

Lessening import duty on medical equipment

Enabling supporting infrastructure

Set up 5 Committees to promote health tourism

SINGAPORE High level of cleanliness World best standard training and professionalism PROMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES OF ASIAN COUNTRIES KAZEMI, 2007

SINGAPORE

High level of cleanliness

World best standard training and professionalism

PHILIPPINES 3 BUSINESS MODELS FOR HEALTH Creation of an international zone of health for wellness combining medical tourism , spa, health, eco-tourism and retirement villages Health human resources development network with the top nursing and medical schools/hospitals in the Philippines. Health crewing for specific health services, including Tele-health, medical transcription PROMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES OF ASIAN COUNTRIES KAZEMI, 2007

PHILIPPINES

3 BUSINESS MODELS FOR HEALTH

Creation of an international zone of health for wellness combining medical tourism , spa, health, eco-tourism and retirement villages

Health human resources development network with the top nursing and medical schools/hospitals in the Philippines.

Health crewing for specific health services, including Tele-health, medical transcription

MEDICINE WELLNESS TOURISM

PROCESS Wikipeda, 2008 PATIENT Medical Tourism Provider Certified Medical Doctors or Consultants Discussion of The Package Signing of Consent Bonds & Agreements Recommendation letters for medical visa From the Embassy TRAVEL Medical Tourist is assigned to a Case Executive who takes care of everything for the tourist

STANDARDS Wikipeda, 2008 International Health Care Accreditation Evidence- based Medicine Quality Assurance

Joint Commission International (JCI) USA International Health Care Accreditation

Joint Commission International (JCI)

USA

International Health Care Accreditation Wikipeda, 2008 Trent International Accreditation Scheme United Kingdom HongKong

Trent International Accreditation Scheme

United Kingdom

HongKong

International Health Care Accreditation Wikipeda, 2008 The Society for International Health Care Accreditation (SOFIHA) Promotion of safe hospital environment for patients Health Care Tourism International Accreditation for all major groups involved in the health tourism industry: HOTELS RECOVERY FACILITIES MEDICAL TOURIST BOOKING AGENCIES

The Society for International Health Care Accreditation (SOFIHA)

Promotion of safe hospital environment for patients

Health Care Tourism International

Accreditation for all major groups involved in the health tourism industry:

HOTELS

RECOVERY FACILITIES

MEDICAL TOURIST BOOKING AGENCIES

Quality of Care Issues Health care errors seriously harm 1 in every 10 patients around the world. Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006

Quality of Care Issues International Patient Safety Goals Goal 1 – Identify Patients Correctly Goal 2 – Improve Effective Communication Goal 3 – Improve the Safety of High-Alert Medications Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006

Goal 4 – Eliminate Wrong-Site, Wrong-Patient, Wrong-Procedure Surgery Goal 5 – Reduce the risk of health care-acquired infections. Goal 6 – Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls. Quality of Care Issues International Patient Safety Goals Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006

The Outsourcing of Surgical Procedures to Asia: Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006 Note: Angioplasty in Malaysia averages $4,000 - $6,000 $13,000 $10,000- $11,000 $9,000- $10,000 $160,000 – $281,000 Heart Valve (single) $20,000 $12,000 $4,000-$10,000 $100,000 –$123,000 Coronary Artery Bypass $13,000 $13,000 $4,000-$11,000 $35,000 –$83,000 Coronary Angioplasty Singapore Thailand India USA Procedures& Services

www.pcij.org The Outsourcing of Surgical Procedures to Asia: 1,400 1,365 1,711 3,221 2,800-5,700 Liposuction 5,639 5,500 4,342 6,207 5,000 Total knee replacement 1,424 950 1,014 1,749 2,500-3,000 Cataract surgery PHILIPPINES In US$ THAILAND In US$ MALAYSIA In US$ SINGAPORE In US$ USA $ TREATMENT Table 1: Comparative Cost of Treatments (in US$) Source: PIDS

The Outsourcing of Surgical Procedures to Asia: Langham, Richmond, Rubin, 2006 $10,000 $90,000 Spinal Disc $9,000 $7,000 $5,000-$6,000 $63,000-$91,000 Spinal Fusion $8,000 $7,000-$8,000 $4,000-$6,000 $17,000-$20,000 Knee (ACL) Repair $8,000 $8,000 $4,000-$7,000 $40,000-$60,000 Rotator Cuff $13,000 $10,000 $8,000-$9,000 $40,000-$61,000 Knee Replacement $12,000 $12,000 $9,000 $44,000-$64,000 Hip Replacement Singapore Thailand India USA Procedures & Services

RISKS Wikipeda, 2008 DIFFERENCE IN DISEASE-RELATED EPIDEMIOLOGY BETWEEN HOME COUNTRY & COUNTRY OF DESTINATION Hepatitis A Amoebic Dysentery Mosquito-transmitted diseases TB DIFFERENCE IN HEALTHCARE PROVIDER STANDARDS AROUND THE WORLD World Alliance for Patient Safety Assists hospitals and government around the world in setting patient safety policy and practices relevant when providing medical tourism services QUALITY OF POST-OP CARE Role of Accreditation Long flights maybe worse for some cases.

DIFFERENCE IN DISEASE-RELATED EPIDEMIOLOGY BETWEEN HOME COUNTRY & COUNTRY OF DESTINATION

Hepatitis A

Amoebic Dysentery

Mosquito-transmitted diseases

TB

DIFFERENCE IN HEALTHCARE PROVIDER STANDARDS AROUND THE WORLD

World Alliance for Patient Safety

Assists hospitals and government around the world in setting patient safety policy and practices relevant when providing medical tourism services

QUALITY OF POST-OP CARE

Role of Accreditation

Long flights maybe worse for some cases.

LEGAL & ETHICAL ISSUES Wikipeda, 2008 Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Illegal purchase of organs and tissues for transplantations Inequities in health care system

Medical Malpractice Lawsuits

Illegal purchase of organs and tissues for transplantations

Inequities in health care system

GROWTH OF MEDICAL TOURISM IN THE WORLD Google Trends 2004 2005 2006 2007 0 Search Volume

More than 2.9 Million patients visited Thailand, India, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines for medical tourism in 2007. Thailand’s low cost and scenic beaches have enabled it to become the largest medical tourism market in Asia; however, an unstable political environment and occurrence of another epidemic such as bird flu can restrain its growth. Asian Medical Tourism Analysis (2008-2012) Bharatbook, June 2008

More than 2.9 Million patients visited Thailand, India, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines for medical tourism in 2007.

Thailand’s low cost and scenic beaches have enabled it to become the largest medical tourism market in Asia; however, an unstable political environment and occurrence of another epidemic such as bird flu can restrain its growth.

Asian Medical Tourism HOSPITALS Samitivej Hospital, Thailand

Asian Medical Tourism HOSPITALS

Healthcare costs are considerably high in Singapore as compared to other Asian destinations. The country, however, boasts of an infrastructure and resources that in some cases are even better than those in the west. Asian Medical Tourism Analysis (2008-2012) Bharatbook, June 2008

Healthcare costs are considerably high in Singapore as compared to other Asian destinations. The country, however, boasts of an infrastructure and resources that in some cases are even better than those in the west.

Asian Medical Tourism HOSPITALS Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC)

India, with its low cost advantage and emergence of several private players, represents the fastest growing market. The country’s questionable sanitary perceptions in the west are, however, a major roadblock for growth. Asian Medical Tourism Analysis (2008-2012) Bharatbook, June 2008

India, with its low cost advantage and emergence of several private players, represents the fastest growing market. The country’s questionable sanitary perceptions in the west are, however, a major roadblock for growth.

Asian Medical Tourism HOSPITALS LAKESHORE HOSPITAL, INDIA

Malaysia and Philippines , both relatively new players in the medical tourism market, are expected to grow strongly in the next five years. Asian Medical Tourism Analysis (2008-2012) Bharatbook, June 2008

Malaysia and Philippines , both relatively new players in the medical tourism market, are expected to grow strongly in the next five years.

Asian Medical Tourism HOSPITALS ST. LUKES, MEDICAL CENTER, Philippines

Asian Medical Tourism HOSPITALS Gleneagles Medical Centre Penang, Malaysia .

A number of employers and health insurance firms in developed countries have now started looking at medical tourism to reduce their surging healthcare expenditure. The Asian medical tourism market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 17.6% between 2007 and 2012 Asian Medical Tourism Analysis (2008-2012) Bharatbook, June 2008

A number of employers and health insurance firms in developed countries have now started looking at medical tourism to reduce their surging healthcare expenditure.

The Asian medical tourism market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 17.6% between 2007 and 2012

Challenges for Health Care Providers in the Promising Industry of Medical Tourism HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS Medical Quality of Services Importance of Non-medical Services for Patient Access Marketing Options PARTNERSHIP WITH: Universities Referring/Competing Hospitals Agents Government Accommodation & Travel Service Provider KAZEMI, 2007

PARTNERSHIP WITH:

Universities

Referring/Competing Hospitals

Agents

Government

Accommodation & Travel Service Provider

Thank you.