Scala, Play 2.0 & Cloud Foundry

“Scala, Play 2.0 & Cloud Foundry” By: Pray Desai Intern – Scala Developer Advocate Cloud Foundry @praydesai

Introduction• Scala is a programming language that combines features of object-oriented programming with functional programming.• Scala (skah-la) stands for Scalable language• Designed to grow with the demands of users• Growing new types by defining easy-to-use libraries• Growing new control constructs such as concurrent programming• Write small scripts as well as build large systems

• Scala runs on the Java platform (Java Virtual Machine) as well as Dot Net platform.• Designed by Martin Odersky in 2001 at EPFL, who was also one of the creators of javac compiler and generic java• Open source• Released in 2004• Second version v 2.0 in 2006• Current version is 2.9.2

Q : What is the one thing that makes Scala scalable ? Ans.: Combining OO with FP

Object Oriented programming• Purely OO• Every value is an object• Every operation is a method• No primitive types, everything is object• 1 + 2 invokes a method + defined in class Int

Functional programming• Not purely FP

What is Functional programming ?• Concept came from Lambda Calculus• Computation by evaluation of functions• Basic fundamental is to evaluate an expression and use its result for some other expression• Made up of functions that always return some value• Char of FP absent in IP & OO : Always return same value for same inputs ; map input values to output values• No side effects : state does not change• Immutable data : Cannot change the value once set; so no need to lock the access of shared data• Reuse same code in diff parts of the programs• Free order of code execution

Functional programming in Scala• Partially FP• Supports mutable data as well as immutable• Variables as well as Values• Functions are first-class values just like an integer or string• Higher – order functions: allows to combine parts of code easily• Pass functions as arguments to other functions• Return functions as results from functions• Store functions in variables• Define a function inside another function• Closures - functions that capture variables defined in scope. Function can access variable even after scope is exited.• Modern Collection Library that allows parallel execution of functions• Supports immutable data structures in its libraries so no need of locks to access.

Syntax The implementation is similar to Java or C. We use the same operators and control structures.• Function definition starts with “def” def fact(x:Int) : Int = if(x==0)1 else x*fact(x-1)• variable definitions start with “var” and definitions of values (i.e. read only variables) start with “val”.• val is immutable where var is mutable Error : Correct: val x=123 var x=123 x=x+1 x=x+1• No need to write public. It is default visibility.• No semicolon• No need to specify data type, compiler infers it from context• Array types are written as Array[Int] rather than Int[], and array selections are written a(i) rather than a[i].• Looping becomes easy with the use of functional literals for (i<-0 to 10) print(i) for (I <-0 until 10) print(i)

Comparison with Java• It is compatible with existing Java programs and we can use all java libraries.• Its operates similar to Java. Its compiler generates byte code that is similar to java bytecode• JVM cannot differentiate between scala code and java code. The only difference is an extra runtime library.• Scala code can be decompiled to readable Java code, with the exception of certain constructor operations.• Runs on Eclipse and Netbeans IDE just as Java.• The only two things in scala which are absent in java are richer type system and support for functional programming.

Traits• Traits are like interfaces in java but can also have method implementations and fields which can then be reused by mixing them into classes.• Unlike class inheritance, in which each class must inherit from just one superclass, a class can mix in any number of traits.• Members of class are added to members of multiple traits• Avoids diamond problem in multiple inheritance• Automatically add methods to a class in terms of methods the class already has.• Make a thin interface into a rich one.

Abstract Class• Class abstractions are extended by subclassing abstract class class1 extends trait1 { case subclass1 extends class1 case subclass2 extends class1 }

No getters and setterspublic class Person{ private String firstName = null; public class Person { private String lastName = null; var firstName = "" private int age = 0; var lastName = "" var age = 0 public void setFirstName(String }firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setLastName(StringlastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } http://hedleyproctor.com/2012/04/why-java- public String getLastName() { developers-should-be-learning-scala/ return lastName;

Data Structures [Containers of values]1. List• Collection of data that can be randomly accessed and can have different datatypes• Immutable, new list generated every time• Int list : val a =List(1,2,3)• Combination : val b =List(“a”,’’b”,4)• Concate lists : a ::: b• Any is catchall datatype• Access value: b(2)

2. Set• Similar to list but independent of order• Cannot combine datatypes in single set• Immutable, new set generated everytime• Set(1,2,3) == Set(3,1,2) true• List(1,2,3)==List(3,1,2) false var a = Set(1,2,3) val b = Set(0,1,5)• Add/remove value from set : a=a+4 a=a-3• Union : a ++ b• Intersection : a ** b

3. Map• Key-value pair which maps keys of type A to values of type Bval m = Map (0 -> “abc”, 1->”def”, 2->”xyz”)m(2)

4. Tuple• Store different data types in same variable• Used to return multiple objects from method• Storing/Retrieving rows of tables in database val address=(201,”s 4 th st”) address (._1) address (._2) address

Pattern Matching• Conditionally execute code based on some data provided• Used in parsing xml and parsing messages between threads• Similar to switch case, no breaks• def chek(a:Int) { a match case 0 => … case 1 => .. case _ => .. }

Support to Parallel Processing• In v2.9, collections support parallel operations• It has two methods : c.par which returns parallel version of c c.seq which returns sequential version of c• Divide work by number of processors• Threads maintain work queues

Actors• Actors are basic units of concurrency implemented on top of threads.• Two basic operations: message send and receive.• A send is asynchronous without waiting for the message to be received and processed• Every actor has a mailbox in which incoming messages are queued.• A receive block consists of a number of cases that each query the mailbox with a message pattern.• The first message in the mailbox that matches any of the cases is selected, and the corresponding action is performed on it.

Scala features in Java 8• Lambda expressions• Higher order functions• Parallel Collections• Function chaining• Traits www.infoq.com/articles/java-8-vs-scala

Lambda expressionsFunction Literal• Function with input parameters and function body• (type parameter) -> function_body• ex: (String s1, String s2) - > s1.length()- s2.length();

Why Scala ?• Compatible - with JVM• Concise - reduced code //java //scala class student { class student(id:Int, name:String) private int id; private String name; public student (int id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; }}• High-level - more simpler, shorter code and easy to understand, Use and design libraries for clear and concise code• Statically typed – variable type known at compile time, less runtime errors• XML literals - create and consuming XML quite easy within your applications.• Parallel Processing - .par, .seq, Actors

Testing There are several ways to test code in Scala :• ScalaTest Supports multiple testing styles and can integrate with Java-based testing frameworks• ScalaCheck Generates automatic test case and minimizes failing test cases• Specs2 Library for writing executable software specifications• ScalaMock Provides support for testing high-order and curried functions• JUnit , TestNG Unit testing frameworks for java• Borachio Provides support for testing high-order and curried functions.

Companies that work on Scala• Twitter - for queuing system that handles heavy load• LinkedIn – used in their framework “Nobert”• Sony -library that manages updates, rollbacks and changes to database schemas• Siemens – application for company wide employees communication to boost productivity• Xerox – to improve customer experience• Grid Grain - provides DSL for cloud computing• Swiss bank UBS - for general production usage• FourSquare - for message passing• The Guardian newspaper - content API for selecting and collecting news content• Juniper Networks – distributed software based on Akka middleware for multi-core processors

Limitations• Syntax Difficult to understand as reading backwards. The return value is at the end of the declaration, and the types are declared after the variable names.• Slow compilation and interpreter Takes much time to compile and run. We can use fsc compiler now (Fast Scala Compiler), which essentially stays resident in memory.

Further Enhancements• Developer tools- Akka/Scala stack, Akka framework, which is the most widely used parallel computation framework on top of Java• Style-checking tool, to be integrated in next release of the IDE.• Visual Studio integration.• Scala for JavaScript• V2.10 : better support for dynamic languages, better reflection, better support for parallelism.

Conclusion• “If I were to pick a language to use on JVM other than Java then it would be Scala” – James Gosling• “Scala will be long term replacement of java, If someone had told me about Scala then I would have never created Groovy” – James Strachan , Creator of Groovy• “Scala is current heir apparent to Java throne, no other language capable to replace java than scala” – Charlies Nutter, JRuby Lead

Scala Resources• Programming in Scala, 2nd edition by Martin Odersky• http://www.scala-lang.org/• http://twitter.github.com/scala_school/• Free Online Course from 9/18/2012 for 7 weeks: https://www.coursera.org/course/progfun

Installing Scala in Eclipse• Current versions: IDE: 2.0.2 Scala: 2.9.x• Required: JDK 5 or 6, Eclipse Helios or Indigo• http://scala-ide.org/• Copy the url for the current version• Help -> Install New Software OR• Search Scala IDE in Help -> Eclipse Market Place

Hello World Programobject Hello { def main (args: Array[String]) { println("Hello World") }}

Play 2.0

Play 2.0• Web application framework• MVC• Light-weight• Core written in Scala• Local Host Server• No need to add any external jars !• Display errors in browser

Installing Play 2.0• Required: JDK 6• Download from http://www.playframework.org/• Unzip and add play directory to working path• For Mac : export PATH=$PATH:/Applications/play-2.0• For Windows: Set path in the global environment variable

Play commands• Check Play is installed play help• Create a new Play app play new <app-name> cd <app-name>• Run the app play run Go to browser and type - localhost:9000 Ctrl + D to stop server• Clean the server play clean

Play in Eclipse• play eclipsify• File -> Import -> Existing Projects into WS

Working Directory• app  controllers  view  model• test• conf  application.conf  routes• logs• project• public  images  javascripts  stylesheets

Hello World Appcontrollers/Application.scala views/index.scala.htmlpackage controllers @(message: String)import play.api._import play.api.mvc._ @main("Welcome") { @messageobject Application extends Controller { } def index = Action { Ok(views.html.index("Hello World")) }}

Configure routes conf/routes# Home pageGET / controllers.Application.index# Map static resources from the /public folder to /assets URL pathGET /assets/*file controllers.Assets.at(path="/public", file)

Play 2.0 Resources• Go to the directory where you installed Play play-2.0/documentation/Play 2.0 Doc.pdf• Sample apps : play-2.0/samples/scala• http://www.playframework.org/documentatio n/2.0.2/ScalaHome

Cloud Foundry

What is Cloud Foundry ?• Open PaaS• “Linux of the Cloud”• Deploy and scale apps easily• Focus just on coding• Supports Scala & Play 2.0• Choice of many other services and frameworks

Register• http://cloudfoundry.com/signup• Get your credentails in email Welcome email 28• Check your login on http://uaa.cloudfoundry.com

Install RVM and Ruby For Mac:• Install Ruby Version Manager https://rvm.io//• rvm install 1.9.2• rvm use 1.9.2

For Windows:• http://rubyinstaller.org/downloads Download version 1.9.2• Check version by ruby –v

Install vmc [command line tool]• gem install vmc• Check version (0.3.18 or higher) vmc –v• vmc login• vmc target api.cloudfoundry.com

Deploy Play App on Cloud Foundry• Package app cd app1 play clean distYour application is ready in/Users/desaip/app1/dist/app1-1.0-SNAPSHOT.zip• vmc push --path=dist/app1-1.0-SNAPSHOT.zip

vmc push [to deploy app for the first time]desaip-mbp:~ desaip$ cd check1desaip-mbp:check1 desaip$ vmc push --path=dist/check1-1.0-SNAPSHOT.zipApplication Name: check1Detected a Play Framework Application, is this correct? [Yn]:Application Deployed URL [check1.cloudfoundry.com]:Memory reservation (128M, 256M, 512M, 1G, 2G) [256M]:How many instances? [1]:Create services to bind to check1? [yN]: NWould you like to save this configuration? [yN]: NCreating Application: OKUploading Application: Checking for available resources: OK Processing resources: OK Packing application: OK Uploading (80K): OKPush Status: OKStaging Application check1: OKStarting Application check1: OKdesaip-mbp:check1 desaip$

vmc update [ to deploy updated app]• cd app1• play clean dist• vmc update app1 --path=dist/app1-1.0-SNAPSHOT.zipdesaip-mbp:check1 desaip$ vmc update check1 --path=dist/check1-1.0-SNAPSHOT.zipUploading Application: Checking for available resources: OK Processing resources: OK Packing application: OK Uploading (80K): OKPush Status: OKStopping Application check1: OKStaging Application check1: OKStarting Application check1: OKdesaip-mbp:check1 desaip$

vmc instances [ to scale your app]• To create another instance vmc instances <app-name> +1• To see other commands vmc help

Cloud Foundry Resources• http://blog.cloudfoundry.com/2012/05/31/clo ud-foundry-now-supports-play/• http://www.slideshare.net/chris.e.richardson/ cloud-foundry-bootcamp-at-contributingcode• http://cloudstory.in/2012/07/tutorial-getting- started-with-cloud-foundry-part-13/

THANK YOU

http://www.scoop.it	2677
https://si0.twimg.com	19
https://twimg0-a.akamaihd.net	8
http://www.linkedin.com	7
http://leapf.org	1
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com	1

Scala, Play 2.0 & Cloud Foundry

by Pray Desai on Jul 24, 2012

Accessibility

Categories

Upload Details

Usage Rights

6 Embeds 2,713

Statistics

Scala, Play 2.0 & Cloud Foundry Presentation Transcript