Introduction to PHP

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Introduction to PHP - Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction to PHP Jussi Pohjolainen TAMK University of Applied Sciences
  2. WEB PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS
  3. Three-tiered Web Site: LAMP Client User-agent: Firefox Server Apache HTTP Server example request GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.tamk.fi User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Mac..) ... response Database MySQL PHP
  4. Java EE Architecture (x)html / xml Applet Client Application J2EE Application Server Web Container Servlets JSP JSPs Servlets EJB Container RMI/IIOP JNDI JTA JDBC JMS JavaMail JAF Session Beans Entity Beans Msg-Driven Beans RMI/IIOP JNDI JTA JDBC JMS JavaMai l JAF HTTP(S) JDBC JavaMail RMI IIOP JNDI JMS DB Java-Application CORBA Server Message Queue Directory Service Client Mail Server
  5. Server Side Techniques
    • Server side scripting requires installation on the server side
    • Typically client siis only xhtml and it unaware that the xhtml was produced by a server side script
    • Does not require any installations or add-ons on the client
  6. Server Side Techniques
    • PHP
    • Java EE: Servlet, JSP
    • .NET
    • CGI / Perl (Very old)
    • Ruby
  7. Client Side Techniques
    • Requires that the client supports the technique
    • JavaScript, Applet, Flash…
  8. Web Application Frameworks
    • A web application framework is a software framework that is designed to support the development of dynamic websites, Web applications and Web services.
    • Numerous frameworks available for many languages
  9. Web App vs. Web Site?
    • What’s the difference between Web App and Web Site?
    • Rich Internet Application?, AJAX?, Thin Client?
    • Full application running in your browser or just a web site?
  10. PHP: HYPERTEXT PREPROCESSOR
  11. Introduction to PHP
    • PHP is a computer scripting language.
    • Originally designed for producing dynamic web pages
    • Appeared in 1995
    • PHP Group is responsible for the language, no formal specification
    • Free software
    • Runs on most operating systems and platforms
    • URL: http://www.php.net
  12. Response
  13. Introduction to PHP Syntax
    • PHP has quite easy syntax, if you are familiar with any c-type language
    • It has all the same structures that you are familiar with other programming languages
    • PHP is designed to output to browser, but it is possible to do also CLI apps.
  14. Example
    • <?php
    • print &quot;What is your name? &quot;;
    • $name = trim(fgets(STDIN));
    • print &quot;Hello &quot; . $name;
    • ?>
  15. Variables
    • Variables in PHP are represented by a dollar sign
    • PHP supports eight types:
      • boolean, integer, float, double, array, object, resource and NULL
  16. Example (php.net)
    • <?php
    • $a_bool = TRUE; // a boolean
    • $a_str = &quot;foo&quot;; // a string
    • $a_str2 = 'foo'; // a string
    • $an_int = 12; // an integer
    • echo gettype($a_bool); // prints out: boolean
    • echo gettype($a_str); // prints out: string
    • // If this is an integer, increment it by four
    • if (is_int($an_int)) {
    • $an_int += 4;
    • }
    • // If $bool is a string, print it out
    • // (does not print out anything)
    • if (is_string($a_bool)) {
    • echo &quot;String: $a_bool&quot;;
    • }
    • ?>
  17. Naming Variables
    • Case-sensitivity
    • Start with letter or _
    • After that you can have numbers, letters and _
      • $var = 'Bob';
      • $Var = 'Joe';
      • print &quot;$var, $Var&quot;;     
      • $4site = 'not yet';   
      • $_4site = 'not yet';   
  18. Constants
    • You cannot alter the value of constant after declaration
      • define(CONSTANT, &quot;value&quot;);
      • print CONSTANT;
  19. Magic Constants
    • PHP has lot of predefined variables
    • Also predefined constants:
      • __LINE__
      • __FILE__
      • __FUNCTION__
      • __CLASS__
      • __METHOD__
    • See: http://fi.php.net/manual/en/language.constants.predefined.php
  20. Scope
    • <?php
    • $a = &quot;Pekka&quot;;
    • print ”My name is &quot; . $a;
    • ?>
  21. Scope
    • <?php
    • $a = &quot;Pekka&quot;;
    • function Test() {
    • print $a;
    • }
    • print ”My name is ”;
    • Test();
    • ?>
  22. Scope
    • <?php
    • $a = &quot;Pekka&quot;;
    • function Test() {
    • global $a;
    • print $a;
    • }
    • print ”My name is ”;
    • Test();
    • ?>
  23. Control Structures
    • If, else, elseif, switch
    • while, do-while, for
    • foreach
    • break, continue
  24. PHP BASICS
  25. Strings
    • Single quoted: 'this is a $variable'
    • Double quoted: &quot;this is a $variable&quot;
    • Heredoc:
      • $str = <<<EOD
      • Example of string
      • spanning multiple lines
      • using heredoc syntax.
      • EOD;
  26. Modifying the String
    • $mj = &quot;moi&quot;;
    • print $mj[0];
    • $mj[0] = 'x';
    • print $mj;
    • $mj = $mj . &quot; hei&quot;;
    • print $mj;
    • $mj .= &quot; terse&quot;;
    • print $mj;
  27. String functions
    • A lot of functions…
      • http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.strings.php
  28. Statements
    • Every statement ends with ;
      • $a = 5;
      • $a = function();
      • $a = ($b = 5);
      • $a++; ++$a;
      • $a += 3;
  29. Operators
    • Arithmethic: +,-,*,%
    • Setting variable: =
    • Bit: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>
    • Comparison: ==, ===, !=, !==, <, > <=, >=
  30. Ternary Operator
    • $variable = (1 < $x) ? 'value1' : 'value2';
    • Equals
    • if(1 < $x) {
    • $variable = 'value1';
    • }
    • else {
    • $variable = 'value1';
    • }
  31. Execution Operator
    • Execute command in shell
      • $result = `ls -al`;
      • print $result;
    • Does the same than shell_exec() - function
  32. Logical Operators
    • $a and $b
    • $a or $b
    • $a xor $b
    • !$a;
    • $a && $b;
    • $a || $b;
  33. String Operators
    • Two operators for strings: '.' and '.='
    • '.' – combining strings.
    • '.=' – appends string to the end.
    • Example:
    • $v= &quot;Hello&quot; . $b;
    • $v.= &quot;Hello&quot;;
  34. Arrays
    • See
      • http://php.tpu.fi/~pohjus/lectures/php/php-arrays.html
  35. CONTROL STRUCTURES
  36. IF
    • <?php
    • if ($a > $b) {
    •    echo &quot;a is bigger than b&quot;;
    • } else {
    •    echo &quot;a is NOT bigger than b&quot;;
    • }
    • if ($a > $b) {
    •    echo &quot;a is bigger than b&quot;;
    • } elseif ($a == $b) {
    •    echo &quot;a is equal to b&quot;;
    • } else {
    •    echo &quot;a is smaller than b&quot;;
    • }
    • ?>
  37. While and Do-While
    • <?php
    • $a=0;
    • while($a<10){
    • print $a; $a++;
    • }
    • $i = 0;
    • do {
    •    print $i;
    • } while ($i > 0);
    • ?>
  38. For
    • for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
    •    print $i;
    • }
  39. Foreach
    • $arr = array(1, 2, 3, 4);
    • foreach ($arr as $value) {
    •    echo $value;
    • }
  40. Switch
    • switch ($i) {
    • case 0:
    •    echo &quot;i equals 0&quot;;
    •    break;
    • case 1:
    •    echo &quot;i equals 1&quot;;
    •    break;
    • case 2:
    •    echo &quot;i equals 2&quot;;
    •    break;
    • }
  41. PHP COMBINED WITH XHTML
  42. Response
  43. Example: spaghetti-way
    • <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd&quot;>
    • <html xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;>
    • <head>
    • <title>xhtml-doku</title>
    • <meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; />
    • </head>
    • <body>
    • <h1>Title</h1>
    • <?php
    • print &quot;<p>Hello from PHP!</p>&quot;;
    • ?>
    • </body>
    • </html>
  44. Better ways
    • Use functions
    • Use OO
  45. PHP AND USER INPUT
  46. PHP and User Input via Forms
    • See
      • http://php.tpu.fi/~pohjus/lectures/php/forms-and-php.html

+ Tampere University of Applied SciencesTampere University of Applied Sciences, 2 years ago

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