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Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an abnormal
 function of the heart or blood vessels. It can
cause an increase in risk for heart attack, heart
   failure, sudden death, stroke and cardiac
rhythm problems, thus resulting in decreased
 quality of life and decreased life expectancy.
  The causes of cardiovascular disease range
      from structural defects, to infection,
 inflammation, environment and genetics. In
 order to help prevent cardiovascular disease
 one must adopt a healthy lifestyle and avoid
     smoking, fattening foods and stress.
CVD risk factors that can be prevented
or treated include: high blood pressure,
high cholesterol, excess weight, physical
inactivity, smoking, diabetes, excessive
alcohol consumption, illegal drug use
and stress. Unpreventable risks include:
previous heart attack, family member
with heart disease, increasing age,
gender and race.
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
One in three American adults has some form of
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Heart disease and
stroke are the most common cardiovascular
diseases. They are the first and third leading
causes of death for both men and women in the
United States. Cardiovascular Disease includes
high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, heart
failure and stroke. It is the leading cause of death
in America and the World
Cardiovascular disease
Several theories exist to explain the link
between periodontal disease and heart disease.
One theory is that oral bacteria can affect the
heart when they enter the blood stream,
attaching to fatty plaques in the coronary
arteries (heart blood vessels) and contributing
to clot formation. Coronary artery disease is
characterized by a thickening of the walls of the
coronary arteries due to the buildup of fatty
proteins. Blood clots can obstruct normal blood
flow, restricting the amount of nutrients and
oxygen required for the heart to function
properly. This may lead to heart attacks.
Cardiovascular disease
Another possibility is that the inflammation
caused by periodontal disease increases plaque
build up, which may contribute to swelling of
the arteries.
Researchers have found that people with
periodontal disease are almost twice as likely to
suffer from coronary artery disease as those
without periodontal disease.
Cardiovascular disease
Periodontal disease can also exacerbate existing
heart conditions. Patients at risk for infective
endocarditis may require antibiotics prior to dental
procedures. Your periodontist and cardiologist will
be able to determine if your heart condition
requires use of antibiotics prior to dental
procedures.
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
Additional studies have pointed to a relationship
between periodontal disease and stroke. In one study
that looked at the causal relationship of oral infection as
a risk factor for stroke, people diagnosed with acute
cerebrovascular ischemia were found more likely to have
an oral infection when compared to those in the control
group.
Recognition of the research advances and
importance of inflammatory mechanisms in
essentially all of the chronic diseases of aging,
including periodontal diseases, led the American
Academy of Periodontology to convene a conference
on January 29 and 30, 2008 in Boston titled,
“Inflammation and Periodontal Diseases: A
Reappraisal.” This conference brought together
opinion leaders in several major diseases and in the
inflammatory mechanisms that seem to underlie
and unify all of these diseases.
Cardiovascular disease
Inflammation is now known to play a critical role in
diseases that are not usually classified as inflammatory
diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and
Alzheimer's disease. Although this conclusion is the
result of many years of research, much of the
knowledge has crystallized into coherent concepts
only very recently. The Boston conference brought
together many of the people who have lead the new
thinking relative to inflammation.
   Healthy Gums and a Healthy Heart: The Perio-Cardio
    Connection
   Clinical recommendations encourage cardiologists to
    examine the mouth and periodontists to ask questions
    about heart health.
   CHICAGO—June 1, 2009—Cardiovascular disease, the
    leading killer of men and women in the United States, is a
    major public health issue contributing to 2,400 deaths each
    day. Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disease
    that destroys bone and gum tissues that support the teeth
    affects nearly 75 percent of Americans and is the major
    cause of adult tooth loss. And while the prevalence rates of
    these disease states seems grim, research suggests that
    managing one disease may reduce the risk for the other.
   A consensus paper on the relationship between heart disease
    and gum disease was published concurrently in the online
    versions of two leading publications, the American Journal of
    Cardiology (AJC), a publication circulated to 30,000
    cardiologists, and the Journal of Periodontology (JOP), the
    official publication of the American Academy of
    Periodontology (AAP). Developed in concert by cardiologists,
    the physicians specialized in treating diseases of the heart, and
    periodontists, the dentists with advanced training in the
    treatment and prevention of periodontal disease, the paper
    contains clinical recommendations for both medical and dental
    professionals to use in managing patients living with, or who
    are at risk for, either disease. As a result of the paper,
    cardiologists may now examine a patient’s mouth, and
    periodontists may begin asking questions about heart health
    and family history of heart disease.
   The clinical recommendations were developed
    at a meeting held earlier this year of top
    opinion-leaders in both cardiology and
    periodontology. In addition to the clinical
    recommendations, the consensus paper
    summarizes the scientific evidence that links
    periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease
    and explains the underlying biologic and
    inflammatory mechanisms that may be the
    basis for the connection.
   According to Kenneth Korman, DDS,PhD, Editor of the
    Journal of Periodontology and a co-author of the
    consensus report, the cooperation between the
    cardiology and periodontal communities is an
    important first step in helping patients reduce their
    risk of these associated diseases. “Inflammation is a
    major risk factor for heart disease, and periodontal
    disease may increase the inflammation level
    throughout the body. Since several studies have shown
    that patients with periodontal disease have an
    increased risk for cardiovascular disease, we felt it was
    important to develop clinical recommendations for our
    respective specialties. Therefore, you will now see
    cardiologists and periodontists joining forces to help
    our patients.”
   For patients, this may mean receiving some
    unconventional advice from their periodontist or
    cardiologist. The clinical recommendations
    outlined in the consensus paper advise that
    periodontists not only inform their patients of the
    increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated
    with periodontal disease, but also assess their risk
    for future cardiovascular disease and guide them
    to be evaluated for the major risk factors. The
    paper also recommends that physicians managing
    patients with cardiovascular disease evaluate the
    mouth for the basic signs of periodontal disease
    such as significant tooth loss, visual signs of oral
    inflammation, and receding gums.
   While additional research will help identify the
    precise relationship between periodontal
    disease and cardiovascular disease, recent
    emphasis has been placed on the role of
    inflammation - the body’s reaction to fight off
    infection, guard against injury or shield against
    irritation. While inflammation initially intends
    to have a protective effect, untreated chronic
    inflammation can lead to dysfunction of the
    affected tissues, and therefore to more severe
    health complications.
   “Both periodontal disease and cardiovascular
    disease are inflammatory diseases, and
    inflammation is the common mechanism that
    connects them,” says Dr. David Cochran, DDS,
    PhD, President of the AAP and Chair of the
    Department of Periodontics at the University of
    Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. “The
    clinical recommendations included in the
    consensus paper will help periodontists and
    cardiologists control the inflammatory burden in
    the body as a result of gum disease or heart
    disease, thereby helping to reduce further disease
    progression, and ultimately to improve our
    patients’ overall health. That is our common goal.”
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease

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Cardiovascular disease

  • 2. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an abnormal function of the heart or blood vessels. It can cause an increase in risk for heart attack, heart failure, sudden death, stroke and cardiac rhythm problems, thus resulting in decreased quality of life and decreased life expectancy. The causes of cardiovascular disease range from structural defects, to infection, inflammation, environment and genetics. In order to help prevent cardiovascular disease one must adopt a healthy lifestyle and avoid smoking, fattening foods and stress.
  • 3. CVD risk factors that can be prevented or treated include: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, excess weight, physical inactivity, smoking, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, illegal drug use and stress. Unpreventable risks include: previous heart attack, family member with heart disease, increasing age, gender and race.
  • 7. One in three American adults has some form of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Heart disease and stroke are the most common cardiovascular diseases. They are the first and third leading causes of death for both men and women in the United States. Cardiovascular Disease includes high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke. It is the leading cause of death in America and the World
  • 9. Several theories exist to explain the link between periodontal disease and heart disease. One theory is that oral bacteria can affect the heart when they enter the blood stream, attaching to fatty plaques in the coronary arteries (heart blood vessels) and contributing to clot formation. Coronary artery disease is characterized by a thickening of the walls of the coronary arteries due to the buildup of fatty proteins. Blood clots can obstruct normal blood flow, restricting the amount of nutrients and oxygen required for the heart to function properly. This may lead to heart attacks.
  • 11. Another possibility is that the inflammation caused by periodontal disease increases plaque build up, which may contribute to swelling of the arteries. Researchers have found that people with periodontal disease are almost twice as likely to suffer from coronary artery disease as those without periodontal disease.
  • 13. Periodontal disease can also exacerbate existing heart conditions. Patients at risk for infective endocarditis may require antibiotics prior to dental procedures. Your periodontist and cardiologist will be able to determine if your heart condition requires use of antibiotics prior to dental procedures.
  • 17. Additional studies have pointed to a relationship between periodontal disease and stroke. In one study that looked at the causal relationship of oral infection as a risk factor for stroke, people diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular ischemia were found more likely to have an oral infection when compared to those in the control group.
  • 18. Recognition of the research advances and importance of inflammatory mechanisms in essentially all of the chronic diseases of aging, including periodontal diseases, led the American Academy of Periodontology to convene a conference on January 29 and 30, 2008 in Boston titled, “Inflammation and Periodontal Diseases: A Reappraisal.” This conference brought together opinion leaders in several major diseases and in the inflammatory mechanisms that seem to underlie and unify all of these diseases.
  • 20. Inflammation is now known to play a critical role in diseases that are not usually classified as inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Although this conclusion is the result of many years of research, much of the knowledge has crystallized into coherent concepts only very recently. The Boston conference brought together many of the people who have lead the new thinking relative to inflammation.
  • 21. Healthy Gums and a Healthy Heart: The Perio-Cardio Connection  Clinical recommendations encourage cardiologists to examine the mouth and periodontists to ask questions about heart health.  CHICAGO—June 1, 2009—Cardiovascular disease, the leading killer of men and women in the United States, is a major public health issue contributing to 2,400 deaths each day. Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys bone and gum tissues that support the teeth affects nearly 75 percent of Americans and is the major cause of adult tooth loss. And while the prevalence rates of these disease states seems grim, research suggests that managing one disease may reduce the risk for the other.
  • 22. A consensus paper on the relationship between heart disease and gum disease was published concurrently in the online versions of two leading publications, the American Journal of Cardiology (AJC), a publication circulated to 30,000 cardiologists, and the Journal of Periodontology (JOP), the official publication of the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP). Developed in concert by cardiologists, the physicians specialized in treating diseases of the heart, and periodontists, the dentists with advanced training in the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease, the paper contains clinical recommendations for both medical and dental professionals to use in managing patients living with, or who are at risk for, either disease. As a result of the paper, cardiologists may now examine a patient’s mouth, and periodontists may begin asking questions about heart health and family history of heart disease.
  • 23. The clinical recommendations were developed at a meeting held earlier this year of top opinion-leaders in both cardiology and periodontology. In addition to the clinical recommendations, the consensus paper summarizes the scientific evidence that links periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease and explains the underlying biologic and inflammatory mechanisms that may be the basis for the connection.
  • 24. According to Kenneth Korman, DDS,PhD, Editor of the Journal of Periodontology and a co-author of the consensus report, the cooperation between the cardiology and periodontal communities is an important first step in helping patients reduce their risk of these associated diseases. “Inflammation is a major risk factor for heart disease, and periodontal disease may increase the inflammation level throughout the body. Since several studies have shown that patients with periodontal disease have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, we felt it was important to develop clinical recommendations for our respective specialties. Therefore, you will now see cardiologists and periodontists joining forces to help our patients.”
  • 25. For patients, this may mean receiving some unconventional advice from their periodontist or cardiologist. The clinical recommendations outlined in the consensus paper advise that periodontists not only inform their patients of the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with periodontal disease, but also assess their risk for future cardiovascular disease and guide them to be evaluated for the major risk factors. The paper also recommends that physicians managing patients with cardiovascular disease evaluate the mouth for the basic signs of periodontal disease such as significant tooth loss, visual signs of oral inflammation, and receding gums.
  • 26. While additional research will help identify the precise relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease, recent emphasis has been placed on the role of inflammation - the body’s reaction to fight off infection, guard against injury or shield against irritation. While inflammation initially intends to have a protective effect, untreated chronic inflammation can lead to dysfunction of the affected tissues, and therefore to more severe health complications.
  • 27. “Both periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease are inflammatory diseases, and inflammation is the common mechanism that connects them,” says Dr. David Cochran, DDS, PhD, President of the AAP and Chair of the Department of Periodontics at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. “The clinical recommendations included in the consensus paper will help periodontists and cardiologists control the inflammatory burden in the body as a result of gum disease or heart disease, thereby helping to reduce further disease progression, and ultimately to improve our patients’ overall health. That is our common goal.”