Promoting research and scholarship through open access and epublishing

Promoting research and scholarship through open access and epublishing Fides Datu Lawton Director (Library Resources Unit) University of Technology, Sydney [email_address] IRRI ICW May 17, 2007

Outline
Brief introduction: UTS and UTS Library
What is Open Access
OA Declarations
What’s in it for you? (Break here?)
What can you do?
Digital repositories
OA journal publishing
Economic sustainability of online journals
How?
Our experience: UTSePress
Roles
Policy & implementation issues

UTS
UTS located in the Sydney CBD and Lindfield
32,700+ students
large number of onshore and offshore international students
2500+ staff members
2007 budget of $400M

UTS Library
Around 90 FTE
$16M budget
85 hrs per week
24/7 access to eservices and eresources

UTS Library Learning Commons

What is Open Access
Free, immediate, permanent online
access to the full text of research
articles for anyone, webwide
http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/

OA declarations
Budapest
Bethesda
Berlin
IFLA
Wellcome Trust
Petition for guaranteed public access to publicly-funded research results

Budapest Open Access Initiative 2001
An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new technology is the internet.
The public good they make possible is the world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds.
Removing access barriers to this literature will accelerate research, enrich education, share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich, make this literature as useful as it can be, and lay the foundation for uniting humanity in a common intellectual conversation and quest for knowledge
http:// www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml

Bethesda statement on open access June 20, 2003
“ Scientific research is an interdependent process whereby each experiment is informed by the results of others. The scientists who perform research and the professional societies that represent them have a great interest in ensuring that research results are disseminated as immediately, broadly and effectively as possible. Electronic publication of research results offers the opportunity and the obligation to share research results, ideas and discoveries freely with the scientific community and the public.”
http:// www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities
Our mission of disseminating knowledge is only
half complete if the information is not made widely
and readily available to society. New possibilities of
knowledge dissemination not only through the
classical form but also and increasingly through the
open access paradigm via the Internet have to be
supported.
We define open access as a comprehensive source
of human knowledge and cultural heritage that has
been approved by the scientific community
http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlin_declaration.pdf

IFLA Statement on Open Access to Scholarly Literature and Research Documentation 2003
among others, it acknowledges that the discovery, contention, elaboration and application of research in all fields will enhance progress, sustainability and human well being…
and affirms that comprehensive open access to scholarly literature and research documentation is vital to the understanding of our world and to the identification of solutions to global challenges and particularly the reduction of information inequality .
http://www.ifla.org/V/cdoc/open-access04.html

OA declarations Wellcome Trust
Mission: to foster and promote research with the aim of improving human and animal health. The main output of this research is new ideas and knowledge, which the Trust expects its researchers to publish in quality, peer-reviewed journals
“ supports unrestricted access to the published output of research as a fundamental part of its charitable mission and a public benefit to be encouraged wherever possible”

OA worldwide
ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies)
http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/

OA worldwide
The UK Government Science and Technology Committee report
recommending that Open-Access Provision through institutional self-archiving should be made mandatory for all journal articles resulting from UK-funded research
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmsctech/399/39903.htm

Roads to Open Access http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/
the "golden road" of OA journal-publishing , where journals provide OA to their articles (either by charging the author-institution for refereeing/publishing outgoing articles instead of charging the user-institution for accessing incoming articles, or by simply making their online edition free for all);
the "green road" of OA self-archiving , where authors provide OA to their own published articles, by making their own eprints free for all.The two roads to OA should not be confused or conflated; they are complementary .

Why open access
“ Open access truly expands shared knowledge across scientific fields — it is the best path for accelerating multi-disciplinary breakthroughs in research .“
Open Letter to the US Congress signed by 25 Nobel Prize winners (August 26, 2004)

Why open access
Recent studies have begun to show that open access increases impact
Open Citation Project http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html#simple

What’s in it for you? http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/
The visibility, usage and impact of researchers' own findings increases with OA, as does their power to find, access and use the findings of others
Society as a whole benefits from an expanded and accelerated research cycle in which research can advance more effectively because researchers have immediate access to all the findings they need
Universities co-benefit from their researchers' increased impact, which also increases the return on the investment of the funders of the research, such as governments, charitable foundations, and the tax-paying public.

What’s in it for you? http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/
For teachers , Open Access means no restrictions on providing articles for teaching purposes. Only the URL need be provided; Open Access takes care of the rest.
Publishers likewise also benefit from the wider dissemination, greater visibility and higher journal citation impact factor of their articles

Opportunities for researchers
Reassert control of scholarly publishing by the academy
Express new focal areas for research through ejournals
Immediacy of access to research
Forum for attracting external research partners; editorial teams, peer reviewers, authors
Gain production efficiencies, timeliness and broader readership by using digital publishing technologies

Overcome the significant increases in journal prices
- Biomed titles : increases in the median journal price between 2000 and 2006 varied from 42% (Oxford journals) to 104% (Sage)
- Social science : 47%( Elsevier) to 120% (Uni Chicago)
Source: White, S and Creaser, C. Trends in scholarly journal prices 2000-2006. Loughborough, LISU, 2007

High costs = reduced access to research
est 2.5 million articles annually in 24,000 peer-reviewed research journals (Harnad 2006)
Association of Research Libraries reports that between 1986 and 2004:
- serials unit costs rose 188%
- expenditure rose to 273%
- but serials purchased increased only 42%
- monographs suffered net loss with unit cost up 77%
( http://www.arl.org/stats/arlstat/graphs/2004/monser04.pdf )

High costs of information http://www.arl.org/stats/arlstat/graphs/2004/monser04.pdf

The Economic Sustainability of Journals Source: J. Willinsky, PKP Open Access Online Publication Journals can now be managed and published online with open source (free) software that offers economic and quality advantages for scholarly communication. Online Management ECONOMICS OF ONLINE SYSTEMS

The Economic Sustainability of Journals Source: J. Willinsky, PKP
Quality Advantage
Improves administration and record-keeping, while reducing processing time.
Enables editors, reviewers, and authors from anywhere to work together.
3. Enables editors to spend more time helping authors by reducing their management time with the journal.
Economic Advantage 1. Provides and manages website for editorial and publishing processes, while reducing need for editorial office. 2. Reduces clerical costs of handling submissions, subscriptions, correspondence, filing, photocopying, etc. 3. Authors do not need to print, photocopy, and mail papers. ONLINE MANAGEMENT

The Economic Sustainability of Journals Source: J. Willinsky, PKP Notes 1 .Assessing the Impact of Open Access: Preliminary Findings from Oxford University Press ( http:// www.oxfordjournals.org/news/oa_report.pdf ) Quality Advantage 1. Immediate full-text indexing with Google, Google Scholar, Yahoo, etc. leading to increased readership and citations. 1 2. Google Scholar citation indexing from first issue, assists in gaining a listing with commercial indexes (ISI, etc). 3. Supports reference linking, as well as additional reading tools that can search related databases. 4. Ability to include data sets and supplementary materials. Economic Advantage 1. Journal is immediately available to subscribers and readers anywhere with no distribution, mailing, handling costs. 2. Can be used with or without print edition, enabling low cost start up of new journals. 3. No cost in offering free subscriptions or sample issues. ONLINE PUBLISHING

The Economic Sustainability of Journals Source: J. Willinsky, PKP Note 1. The Effect of Open Access and Downloads ('Hits') on Citation Impact: a Bibliography of Studies ( http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html ). Quality Advantage 1. Further increases readership and submissions to journal, with citations going up 25-250% depending on the field and journal. 1 2. The increased citation improves reputation and thus qualification for commercial indexing (e.g., ISI). 3. Provides greater public, professional, and educational contribution. 4. Maximizes critical scrutiny and appreciation of work, as well as global establishment of intellectual property claim.
Economic Advantage
Able to work with traditional economic models through a variety of different approaches
2. Improved reputation (see below) can enhance other economic models (subscriptions, ads, etc.).
OPEN ACCESS

The Economic Sustainability of Journals Source: J. Willinsky, PKP Open Access Online Publishing Online Management Traditional Economic Models Increased Access + Enhanced Quality + + Improved Economies + } What it all adds up to…

What can you do?
Self-archive in OA repositories
Establish/publish in OA journals
As an institution, consider mandating self-archiving of research
Support the Public Library of Science http://www.plos.org
Sign petitions in support of OA

Public Library of Science

Need a break here?

What is an Institutional repository?
“ … a set of services that a university [an organisation] offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.
It is most essentially an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution.”
Clifford A. Lynch, "Institutional Repositories: Essential Infrastructure for Scholarship in the Digital Age" ARL , no. 226 (February 2003): 1-7.

OA Tools & protocols
DSpace
ePrints
Fedora
OJS
OCS
others
OAIMHP

Repositories by system software http://roar .eprints.org

DSpace http:// www.dspace.org /
digital repository system which captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material
jointly developed by MIT Libraries and Hewlett-Packard; now with committed developers worldwide
freely available to research institutions world-wide as an open source system that can be customized and extended
Who’s using Dspace? http:// wiki.dspace.org/index.php//DspaceInstances

ePrints http:// www.eprints.org /
For a demonstration of EPrints 3.0 http://demoprints3.eprints.org/

Some ePrints sites http:// eprints.otago.ac.nz /

Some ePrints sites http://eprints.utas.edu

Fedora and Fez
University of Queensland eSpace
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/about.php

Other Tools: online publishing
Open Journal Systems – journal management and publishing
http://pkp.sfu.ca/?q=ojs
http://pkp.sfu.ca/ojs_documentation
http://pkp.sfu.ca/support/forum/
OJS in an Hour
http://pkp.sfu.ca/files/OJSinanHour.pdf
Open Conference System

Open Journal Systems
OJS journal management and publishing system developed by the Public Knowledge Project through its federally funded efforts to expand and improve access to research.
OJS assists with every stage of the refereed publishing process, from submissions through to online publication and indexing. Through its management systems, its finely grained indexing of research, and the context it provides for research, OJS seeks to improve both the scholarly and public quality of referred research

OAI-MHP
OAI Metadata Harvesting Protocols
Lightweight protocol which allows data providers to expose metadata records for retrieval by service providers
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cd-focus/presentations/cldprac/sld020.htm

Promoting your OA activities
ROAR Registry of OA repositories http://roar.eprints.org/
ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies) http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals (www.doaj.org)

An initiative of & hosted by the UTS Library
Launched by the Vice-Chancellor in January 2004 at the “ eScholarship: a workshop on ePublishing at the edge”, organised by the UTS Library
Elpub Conference, Portugal, June 2003
International partners ->Pro f John Willinsky (PKP, OJS)

Components of UTSePress (as at May 2007)
Institutional repository (DSpace)
Online journals (OJS)
Online conferences (OCS)
OAI Harvester (to search across all)

UTS initiatives since 2003 (primarily relating to journal publishing)
2004
eScholarship: a workshop on ePublishing at the edge
UTSePress launched by the Vice-Chancellor
First journal, PORTAL: Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies
2006
workshop for Vietnamese and Nepalese journal editors in Hanoi (with INASP)
Audio recording of specialist lectures
2007
5 journals (4 peer reviewed) published; 6 in production (on OJS)
Ebooks
Online theses on DSpace

UTS:Library – activities in relation to DSpace
Develop and manage the UTS institutional repository
Host, manage IT infrastructure
Policy development
Oversee of policy and standards implementation
Training, promotion, marketing

UTSePress Author Author + Series ed. Author + Editor + possibly Series ed. Author + Editor + Ed’l team Decisions
Institutional repository
-self-archiving within tight or loose policy
Within a broad field
Might be split into communities with varying policies
Occasional papers; Ebooks -Editorial selection & approval -one-off items within broadly defined fields Edited collections; Conference papers -usually on theme -selected or invited by editor -usually peer reviewed Journals -within scope -May be theme issue -Editorial team -peer reviewed (except perhaps creative) Scholarly Communities From Formal editorial committee BLOGS Reports or Position papers Not peer reviewed eZine Edited but not peer reviewed Non- Scholarly

Journals -Getting started (R.Buggy)
Still configuring journal
May already have the papers
Call for papers, submissions and peer review typically done outside OJS
Papers are usually in final format before added to OJS
Editors create accounts for authors and upload papers

Achieving sustainability (R.Buggy)
Journal has been setup
Will use OJS to send out call for papers
Authors submit papers using OJS
Peer review done using OJS
The layout editor, copyeditor, proofreader roles are generally performed together by the editor but can be delegated to specialist staff
Journals are usually self sufficient by the third issue

Journals (R.Buggy)

Registered Journal Users (R.Buggy)

The Division of Labor Open Journal Systems / Open Conference Systems (J Willinsky) Setup Manage Publish Advertise Advise Generate Download Install Upgrade Journal Editor Librarian IT Staff Server Administrator

The Division of Labor Open Journal Systems / Open Conference Systems (J Willinsky) Upgrade to new version of OJS/OCS every 6-8 months, as well as keep up with regular server security upgrades. Upgrade Install software using script; enable server to upload files, send mail, etc. Install Download free copy of OJS/OCS on an existing web server (equipped with free PHP language and MySQL database). Download Server Administrator

The Division of Labor Open Journal Systems / Open Conference Systems (J Willinsky) Generate journal or conference by typing in title and creating a new user who fills in the details and sets it up. Generate Advise potential users on what systems can do, pointing to PKP booklets on topic. Advise Advertise new journal/conference service on library site and email faculty. Advertise Can be handled by a librarian or IT staff member Librarian IT Staff

The Division of Labor Open Journal Systems / Open Conference Systems (J Willinsky) Publish journal issues, events, conference papers, and podcasts. Publish Manage submissions, direct reviews, notify users as needed. Manage Set up the journal/conference by filling in templates and checking options to match needs. Setup (Applies, as well, to Conference Director) Journal Manager

Our Experience
Initial discussion to publication= a few weeks to several months
Time for training/support for Editorial team:
software
digital media
online publishing process
licensing/copyright issues, etc.
operational matters: ISSN; online registers; design/logo, etc.

Impact on library staff
New knowledge and skills
New technologies (software, medium, web technologies, web design, etc. )
Better understanding of scholarly publishing and evolving publishing models
Licensing and IP in digital environment
Standards, protocols, etc

Maintenance and support requirements
UTSePress and OJS no additional staff
In-house expertise: Library IT Manager, Systems Developer, Web Developer, Web Editor, web design staff, UL, DLRU
Plus Operational staff from different departments, e.g. Publicity, web design
Leveraging on available software and international expertise
Ongoing collaboration with OJS/PKP developers
Editorial teams for quality of content

What has worked for us
Open source solutions; configured to suit our environment
Customise templates not the software (i.e. no custom development)
Start slowly – minimal features
Provide test environment for new users (production environment doesn't become full of test data)
Collaboration
Accept that we won’t have all the answers at the start !

From one of our editors
We have now published the 4th Issue of the AJICT as Vol 2, No 3 this week. It marks our one year as a Journal in which we rank at the Deakin University IS listing as the 7th most read Open Source Journal and the 28th most popular Internationally. We are only beaten by Journals that have been in existence for many years before us.
Our readership database has grown from a handful to more than 500 and continues to grow without our intervention. There are about 150 international reviewers in the database and access to the Journal is from all over the world.
We appreciate the role of the UTS Library and ePress in making this Journal a rewarding success story. Thanks.

Watchwords
Skills Quality
Resources -> Sustainability
Commitment Ongoing
esp. from the top! dynamic product

Useful sites
The effect of open access and downloads ('hits') on citation impact: a bibliography of studies http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html
Harnad, S. Opening access by overcoming Zeno’s paralysis” in Open access: key strategic, technical and economic aspects. Ed by N. Jacobs. Oxford, Chandos Pub., 2006)
Okerson, A.S. & O'Donnell, J.J. (1995) (Eds.) Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing. Association of Research Libraries. http:// www.arl.org/scomm/subversive/intro.html
Open Access http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/
Petition for guaranteed public access to publicly-funded research results http://www.ec-petition.eu /
PKP Booklets if people there want to learn more about online scholarly publishing: http://pkp.sfu.ca/node/620
Willinsky, J. (2005) The Access Principle: The Case for Open Access to Research and Scholarship MIT Press http:// mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/ebook.asp?ttype =2&tid=10611
https:// mitpress.mit.edu/books/willinsky /
TheAccessPrinciple_TheMITPress_0262232421.pdf

Maraming salamat!
Questions and
Discussion

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Promoting research and scholarship through open access and epublishing

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