Linux and Open Source Software for Public Libraries

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    Introduction: Chris Sharp, PINES Program Manager, Georgia Public Library Service - PINES Team supports & coordinates development for Evergreen, the open source library automation system that was developed by GPLS Andrew Smith, Twin Lakes Library System - has implemented Linux platforms and Ubuntu public PCs in his library system Every library I have visited has a “computer graveyard” room with equipment 4 – 5 years (or more) out of date. - out of warranty - but still an asset - not all of it can be reused, but if the library already owns it, all it takes is knowledge/expertise because the software required is free Free/Open Source Software – is best understood with a history lesson

    Several things happened in the late 60s/early 70s that still impact us today: - development of the UNIX operating system by Bell Labs - (concurrently) development of the C Programming Language - UNIX is developed in C - highly portable, very fast, relatively simple syntax - C++, C# (Microsoft) are direct descendants - Perl & Python – implemented in C SOURCE CODE – human-readable instructions that are compiled or interpreted by a computer for executing the program - computers – 1s and 0s - humans – programming languages - Ethernet – developed at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) - backbone of Local Area Networks - ARPANET – forerunner of the Internet PDP-7 – first computer to run UNIX

    1970s – Early 80s Software becomes more portable - computer hardware becomes more standardized - media such as tapes and floppy disks transport programs from one computer to another Culture of sharing developed Simultaneously, software companies, including Microsoft and Apple, began to emerge - licensing of software to restrict its use - source code became trade secrets - business models built on intellectual property rights

    Richard Stallman - of the “old guard” - tried to continue the culture of sharing programs - print driver story Copyleft - GNU General Public License (GPL) – makes sharing a mandatory condition for redistributing or altering the program - prevents the source code from becoming proprietary GNU – GNU's Not UNIX - developed as a UNIX clone using source code licensed under the GPL - developed all but the kernel Kernel – the core of an operating system – manages startup & shutdown, program access, device drivers, etc. World Wide Web – late 1980s Linux Torvalds – 1991 - Finnish college student - began developing a kernel that fit with the GNU operating system - called “Linux” - developed via the World Wide Web

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    Linux and Open Source Software for Public Libraries - Presentation Transcript

    1. Linux and Open Source Software for Public Libraries Georgia COMO 2009 October 8, 2009 Chris Sharp, Georgia Public Library Service Andrew Smith, Twin Lakes Library System
    2. Late1960s - Early 1970s
      • PDP-7 Computer c. 1969
        • UNIX
        • C Programming Language
        • Ethernet
        • ARPANET
    3. 1970s - Early 1980s
        • Software becomes more portable
        • Sharing of programs
        • Beginnings of software companies, including Microsoft & Apple
      •      8 inch Floppy Disk
    4. Mid 1980s - Early 1990s
      •  
        • Richard Stallman & "copyleft"
        • Development of GNU operating system
        • Linus Torvalds & the  Linux kernel
        • GNU + Linux = complete operating system!
    5. Late 1990s - Early 2000s
      •  
        • Red Hat & Desktop Linux
        • Debian
        • Netscape -> Mozilla
        • Open Source defined
    6. "Free" vs. "Open Source"
      •  
      •  
    7. Examples of Open Source Software

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