Machaut Presentation

Guillaume de Machaut

Background: 14th Century Music
A new rhythmic notation called Ars Nova was expounded in the early 14th century by the scholar-composer Philippe de Vitry (c.1291-1361) or his associates.
One of the first places this more complex style made a compelling impact was in the famous Roman de Fauvel
Following in the wake of the more sophisticated notation of the Ars Nova, the first great syntheses of the various threads of medieval music began to occur in the hands of well-known masters. The first such composer to personally dominate decades of music history is Guillaume de Machaut (c.1300-1377).

From: The Enjoyment of Music • The Enjoyment of Music pg. 80 • The music of the French Ars nova is more refined and complex than music of the Ars antiqua (old art), which it displaced. • Writers such as Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Chaucer were turning to human subjects: painters soon discovered the beauty of nature and the attractiveness of the human form. • Composers turned increasingly from religious to secular themes. The Ars nova ushered in developments in rhythm, meter, harmony, and counterpoint that transformed the art of music • The later 14th century was a period during which the French style dominated secular composition throughout Europe. It was modified to reflect local tastes in Italy and England, but remained largely French in inspiration for some decades. However, Italian composers continued to develop a more native idiom, combining French Ars Nova ideas with indigenous genres

Brief Biography:
Born around 1300 in Machault, France.
Died in 1377 in Reims, France.
French poet and composer, traveled Europe as secretary to the King of Bohemia.
Appointed canon of Reims Cathedral in 1337.
Most famous composer of the Middle Ages.
Known for his narrative and lyrical poems, as well as his musical compositions
Remains best known for his musical composition, Mass of Notre Dame.

Messe de Nostre Dame
His most famous work
Composed before 1635
It is comprised of 5 movements
Pieces include: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus
The mass as a whole is a celebration of Mary, the mother of Jesus.

Tournai Mass
His earliest mass, other composers accompanied him in composing this work.
It is comprised of 6 movements
Including: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus, and Ite Missa Est.
It is now preserved in a manuscript from the library of the Tournai Cathedral

Machaut's Influences
Ballad- narrative song with a recurrent refrain

Used in:

Rock

Pop

Opera

Jazz

Blues

Polyphonic Music
Bach

Mozart

Church Music

Jazz

Motet
Polyphonic music with four or five voice parts singing one religous text.

Rondeau

Renaissance music form based on rondeau poetry

Ballade
The ballade typically featured a prominent upper voice, which was texted, and two lower voices which may have been vocalized or performed with instruments.

The poetic form is typically A–a–B, in which the B is a shorter, concluding line, or refrain.

Refrain
Today we are most familiar with a refrain in music.

Refrains usually, but do not always, come at the end of the verse.

There lived a lady by the North Sea shore,
Lay the bent to the bonny broom
Two daughters were the babes she bore.
Fa la la la la la la la la.
As one grew bright as is the sun,
Lay the bent to the bonny broom
So coal black grew the other one.
Fa la la la la la la la.

Example
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhlLzjE0ONA

Work Cited
http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/composers/machaut.html

http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/machaut.php
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhlLzjE0ON A
http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/beginlst/medieval.htm
http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/beginlst/medieval.htm

Machaut Presentation

by Philip Copeland

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Machaut Presentation Presentation Transcript

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