2. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Review from Week 2 – Planning for the Writing Process Areas of Planning for a Writer: 1) Objective – What is your purpose for writing 2) Audience – Who will be reading your writing? 3) Tone – What emotions/feelings should be conveyed? 4) Diction – What kinds of words are appropriate for my audience? 5) Point-of-View – 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Person?
3. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Week 2 Review Continued Homework Assignment: 2 Letters, 2 Audiences. Change your tone and style according to audience.
4. Week Three – Writing a ParagraphLike, what’s happening today, man? Week Three Objectives 1)Convert a limited topic into a Topic Sentence. 2)Expand upon a Topic Sentence by adding relevant and specific details. 3)Describe and utilize a variety of organizational patterns for writing paragraphs.
5. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Q: What is this thing you call a Paragraph? A: A Paragraph is the fundamental building block for all Composition and Writing efforts. It’s comprised of 4-12 sentences that are all on the same limited topic.
6. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph The nature of a Paragraph: 1) Consistent limited topic – Once you have a new topic, you need a new paragraph. 2) Ranges from 4-12 sentences. 3) Must have a logical and coherent organization.
7. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Characteristics of a Paragraph (See Pages 66-75 in L.W.) Unified: All sentences must be on the same limited topic, and they must all contribute in much the same way. No sentences should undermine or contradict what you have previously stated.
8. Topic Sentence What the #$%^ is a topic sentence anyway? http://webster.commnet.edu/sensen/part3/sixteen/techniques_topic.html Skip slide
9. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Characteristics of a Paragraph 2) Specific : Sentences must make use of specific details to engage reader. Avoid vagueness, generalities, and meaningless statements. Boring sentences = Boring Paragraph = Boring Writing!
10. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Characteristics of a Paragraph 3) Adequately Developed: Ideas should be fully developed and expressed in a Paragraph. Avoid touching upon ideas briefly without developing them properly. It would be better to leave out an idea entirely than to develop it only slightly.
11. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Characteristics of a Paragraph 4) Coherent – Sentences must be sequenced in the proper order. Ideas transition logically from one sentence to another. The right pieces are in the right places, much like a Jigsaw Puzzle!
12. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Topic Sentences Every paragraph has a Topic Sentence, which serves two functions: To reveal the limited subject of the paragraph and the author’s feelings or thoughts about the subject matter. To relate the subject matter of the paragraph back into the essay’s overall Thesis Statement.
13. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Topic Sentences A Topic Sentence is usually (although not always) the first sentence in the paragraph. It serves as a “road sign” for a reader. It tells them what to expect down the road. See page 67 for sample Topic Sentences.
14. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Organization and Paragraph (and essay) Development Every paragraph needs an internal logic that organizes and sequences the individual sentences in an appropriate order. There are some commonly used Organizational Methods.
15. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Paragraph Organization (See pages 54-57 in L.W.) Simple-to-Complex: A simple idea, definition, or term is expressed first and each sentence that follows builds upon the simple sentence by adding further details, information, and complexity.
16. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Paragraph Organization Simple-to-Complex is useful in providing information in a clear, logical way. It is used widely in teaching and instructional materials, since students need to know simple ideas first to grasp more advanced concepts later on.
17. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Paragraph Organization 2) Chronological: Sentences are organized by Time. Sentences are presented in an order that reflects the sequence of events the paragraph is about.
18. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Paragraph Organization Chronological Method is perfect for Narrating or Storytelling. It also is appropriate for giving instructions, explaining a process, and many other objectives.
19. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Paragraph Organization 3) Spatial: Information in the paragraph is organized by Space. Sentence sequences are created by moving through space in a logical and consistent manner, such as Up-Down, Left-Right, Inside-Outside, etc.
20. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Paragraph Organization Spatial organization is very useful for Describing or Illustrating a specific Person, Place, or Thing. Details can be provided about the topic as the writer moves in and around the space of the subject.
21. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Paragraph Organization 4) Emphatic Order: Sentences are ordered in terms of their relative importance or significance. The writer decides which sentences contain ideas that deserve more emphasis or attention than others and creates an order to express that emphasis.
22. Week Three – Writing a Paragraph Paragraph Organization Emphatic order can be Least-to-Most emphasis or Most-to-Least emphasis. Put your best foot forward or save your best for last. Never, ever, ever, place your “Best” idea in the middle of a paragraph. That’s no-man’s land!
23. In-class exercise Chronological:204-205, If Only Spatial: 164-166, Salt Marsh Emphatic: 238-240, Pursuit of Possessions Simple-to-Complex: 389-392, Americans and Food Each group will provide a brief summary of each article, and provide an analysis that explores how the article succeeded based on its chosen organizational structure and how the article might have benefited from a different organizational structure.
