Brazil's Copyright Reform

Intl. IP Law & the 21st Century: Willthe Developing World Lead or Follow? Brazils Copyright Reform: Lost Chance? Pedro Paranaguá Duke University www.PedroParanagua.net @PedroParanagua UCLA, Feb. 18, 2011

table1. TRIPs flexibilities (no WCT/WPPT)2. Brazils Copyright Act 1998: TRIPs-plus3. why?4. Brazils copyright reform

after lunch !?

i hope that . . .

which are the TRIPs standards ?

TRIPs-pluslife + 50

TRIPs-pluslife + 50life + 70

TRIPs-plus33

TRIPs-plus33 -- 83

TRIPs-plus33 -- 83 = 50 years

TRIPs-plus33 -- 83 = 50 years + 70 years

TRIPs-plus33 -- 83 = 50 years + 70 years = 120 years

TRIPs-pluspromote whos creativity ?

TRIPs-plus 1904 – 1989

TRIPs-plus 1940 – 1993

TRIPs-plus publisher ? author or record label ?whos the owner ?

TRIPs-plus$15 bi. surplus

TRIPs-plusfor the same reason

TRIPs-pluslife + 50

TRIPs-plus $27,204 Brazils Central Bank (2008)copyright royalties flow (in $1,000)

TRIPs-plus $27,204 $2,359,143 Brazils Central Bank (2008)copyright royalties flow (in $1,000)

TRIPs-plusreproduction for archival purposes

TRIPs-plusL&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

TRIPs-plusL&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)no archival / preservation

restritividade da lei brasileira

TRIPs-plusshifting from one format to another

TRIPs-plusL&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)format shifting

restritividade da lei brasileira out of print

TRIPs-plusreproduction of out-of-print works

TRIPs-plus 2 years out of printauthorized full reproduction (Art. 53(2)4(b))

TRIPs-plusUSP – Social Science 30% out of printFGV – Business School 45% out of print P. Ortellado & J. Machado, “Direitos autorais e o acesso às publicacões científicas”, Revista Adusp 37, ago. 2006

TRIPs-plusL&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)out-of-print works

TRIPs-plusreproduction for educational purposes

TRIPs-plusL&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)educational purposes

TRIPs-plusArt. 46. It shall not violate copyright:II – the reproduction not for profit, of small excerpts, in a sole copy, for the private use of the person making the copy, provided it is made by her/himself

TRIPs-plus

what do publishers say ?

there is (mis)information

TRIPs-plus ABDRAssociação Brasileira de Direitos Reprográficos

TRIPs-plusno anti-circumvention

TRIPs-plusno anti-circumventionDRM (TPM)

onlyMicrosoft Windows (WMA/DRM) Apple (“fair”play/DRM)

TRIPs-plusidea–expression dichotomy

not TRIPs-plusidea–expression dichotomyidea–expression dichotomy

Brazils Copyright Act 1998

Brazils Copyright Act 1998 drafting 1988

1980sdeficit US trade balance

1980sdeficit US trade balance IP

1980sdeficit US trade balance$43-61 bi. illegal copies 1980-87: $27 bi. surplus $138 bi. deficit

1986-94 Uruguay Round GATT – WTO IP + trade (?)

US happy ?

+ + + +

bilaterals . . .

unilateral . . .

royalties flow Brazil US 1994: $161 mi. + 645% 2004: $1.04 bi.

special 301any interested person

special 301 1988: $39 mi. tariff penalties against BRAconcerned BRA + India lead block against TRIPs

special 301BRA filed complain against US; which withdrew the measure in 1990BRA “faced a long battle searching for justice in a trade system which was more about power than about playing by the rules” (Drahos with Braithwaite 2003)

special 301 1989: report from MPAA + IIPA BRA, India, Mexico, China, Egypt, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan + Thailand

special 301 2001-2006 BRA“priority watch list”

special 301IIPA report Feb. 11, 2008

special 301relatório da IIPA de 11.02.2008

special 301 Nacional Copyright Forum (Dez. 2007) Ivana Crivelli: lawyer, 1st VP ASPI, member Copyright Committee OAB/SP Vanisa Santiago: VP Inter-American Institute of Copyright (IIDA) Ícaro Martins: Pres. Association of Film Makers (Apaci) César Costa Filho: composer & lawyer, founder Student Artistic Movement (MAU), Pres. Copyright Defense Association (ADDAF) & ex-pres. Brazilian Union of Writers (UBC)

special 301relatório do USTR de 2006

special 301relatório da IIPA de 12.02.2007

special 301 IIPA report Feb. 18, 2010 only 25%what about US fair use ?

GNU/Linux

IIPA prefers “piracy”

“piracy”problem or market strategy ?

Microsoft Windows US BRAMS Windows Vista MS Windows Vista Business Full Business Full + + MS Office MS Office Professional 2007 Professional 2007 = = $634.98 BRL$2,298.00 www.amazon.com 27.11.2007 www.submarino.com.br 27.11.2007

Microsoft Windows US BRAMS Windows Vista + Office MS Windows Vista + Office = = $634.98 BRL$2,298.00 $634.98 $1,255.73 (BRL$1.83 = $1)

Microsoft WindowsPedro de Paranaguá Moniz: “Software Livre como Alternativa de Desenvolvimento e de Negócio: em busca da soberanianacional”,Juruá, in “PI: estudos em homenagem à Prof. Maristela Basso”, sob coord. Patrícia Carvalho, ago. 2005

Microsoft WindowsBaseado em “First Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study”, de 2004. Cf. http://www.bsa.org/globalstudy/

network effect

special 301 IIPA report Feb. 18, 2010totally ignores MJs initiative

Lawrence Lessig “With the confirmation of the [copyright] reform, youll have the most progressive copyright law in the world”http://bcufrgs.blogspot.com/2010/02/lessig-reforma-autoral-dara-ao-brasil.html

then . . .

who else ? ? ?

to worsen

lost chance ?

balance between authors +owners / industry + society

investment <> A2K1. economic reason for IP: innovation, creativity & social welfare;2. if rigid or ill formulated: stifle innovation, creativity & access Joseph Stiglitz, IP rights and wrongs, 16 ago. 2005

obrigado / thank you ! Pedro Paranaguá pedro.paranagua@duke.edu

Brazil's Copyright Reform

by Pedro Paranaguá on Feb 20, 2011

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