Perl Moderno

III FSLDC Modern::Perl Tiago Peczenyj @pac_man http://pacman.blog.br http://rio.pm.org

Perl Moderno

Modern::Perl

Modern Perl?

Modern Science?

Modern Love?

Modern Art?

Art of Perl

Art of Art

Perl of Perl

Perl of Perl (...parece uma apresentação do Larry Wall)

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P ratical E xtraction and R eport L anguage

Perl foi criado por Larry Wall, inspirado em Shell Script, AWK, SED e C (e uma pitada de linguística)

Larry também criou a primeira versão do PATCH e do leitor de news RN

Perl 1.0 foi lançado na usenet alt.comp.sources em 18/12/1987

Exemplos

# fibbonacci - iterativo sub factorial { my $n = shift ; my $result = 1; for my $i (1..$n) { $result *= $i; }; $result; } print “Fatorial de 10 eh ”. factorial (10);

# fibbonacci - recursivo sub factorial { my $n = shift ; ($n == 0)? 1 : $n* factorial ($n-1); }

# fibbonacci - funcional use List::Util qw(reduce); sub factorial { my $n = shift ; reduce { $a * $b } 1, 1 .. $n }

http://rosettacode.org/

Linguagem e Cultura estão intimamente ligados

Ab Ovo Usque Ad Mala

From the Beginning to End

Linguagem Depende da Cultura

E a Cultura Perl é....

COLABORAÇÃO

TIMTOWTDI

TIMTOWTDI There is More Than One Way To Do It

Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (Perl's Killer Feature)

www.cpan.org

95.676 módulos 8.998 autores 259 mirrors

“ Nós não nos importamos com a qualidade, Não nos importamos com o propósito, Apenas queremos hospedar os seus módulos"

Desafio: como trazer inovação e, ao mesmo tempo, ser estável?

Versão Perl Data 1 1987-Dec-18 2 1988-Jun-05 3 1989-Oct-18 4 1991-Mar-21 5 1994-Oct-17

Linguagem Criação Versão Atual PHP 1994 5.3.6 Ruby 1995 1.9.2 Python 1991 3.2 Java 1995 1.6.0_25 JavaScript 1995 1.8.5 C# 2001 4.0 C++ 1985 ISO/IEC 14882:2003 / C++0x

Algumas linguagens modernas surgiram, evoluiram e se consolidaram durante do período de vida da versão mais recente de Perl

Perl 5 é o dialeto atual

Perl 6 ainda está em desenvolvimento ( mas é muito, muito legal )

Então que Diabos é Perl Moderno?

Que versão de Perl vc utiliza?

http://perldoc.perl.org/

Perl 5.8.9 (que muita gente deve usar ainda...) É de 2008-Dec-14

Em 2007-Dec-18 é lançado Perl 5.10.0

Big Changes!

The feature pragma

use feature “:5.10”; use feature qw( … );

Antes eu tinha que fazer assim
#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; print “hello worldn”; # argh... não posso esquecer o n no final!

Agora podemos escrever
#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; use feature 'say'; say “hello world”;

Modern::Perl
#!/usr/bin/perl
use Modern::Perl;
# precisa instalar via CPAN...
say “hello world”;

Modern::Perl
Operador //
Given/ When
State variables
Smart Matching ~~
Regular Expression (?<name>...)
Pragma mro for Method Resolution Order
DFS Depth First Search
C3 (like Dylan language)

Implicit Strictures in Perl 5.12
use 5.12.0; significa: use strict; use feature ':5.12';

Versão atual: 5.14 ! 5.10 ja está depreciada

Suporte a Unicode 6

Suporte a IPv6

Array and hash container functions accept references!

Traditional Syntax Terse Syntax push @$arrayref, @stuff push $arrayref, @stuff pop @$arrayref pop $arrayref shift @$arrayref shift $arrayref values %$hashref values $hashref keys %$hashref keys $hashref

Package Block Syntax
Package Foo::Bar 1.2 { # code }

Filehandle method calls load IO::File on demand
open my $fh, ">", $file; # loads IO::File and succeeds $fh->autoflush(1); # local $| = 1; $fh->binmode(":raw"); $fh->close;

Modulos Core (alguns...)
Carp
Data::Dumper
Encode
English
File::Temp
Findbin
Getopt::Long
Scalar::Util
List::Util
Hash::Util
Memoize
Module::Pluggable
Test::Simple
Test::More
Tie::File
Time::HiRes

autodie
Antes: open(my $fh,"<",$filename)
or die "ops...";

autodie
bIlujDI' yIchegh()Qo'; yIHegh()! It is better to die() than to return() in failure. -- Klingon programming proverb.

autodie
use autodie qw(open close); # open/close succeed or die open(my $fh, "<", $filename); # No need to check!

Antes o tratamento de erros era assim
eval {
...algum codigo que pode lançar um erro...
}; if($@){ # cuidado! $@ é global! :/
print "opa...";
}

Try::Tiny
use Try::Tiny; try {
algum codigo que pode lançar um erro
} catch {
warn "opa... ocorreu um erro $_";
} finally {
...
};

Perl 5 é Orientado a Objetos!

package Point; sub new { # construtor! my $klass = shift ; my $self = { x => 0, y => 0}; bless $self, $klass; } # criando um acessor para a prop. x sub x { my $self = shift ; my $x = shift ; $self->{x} = $x // $self->{x}; }

Moose is a postmodern object system for Perl 5

package Point; use Moose; has 'x' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int'); has 'y' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int'); sub clear { my $self = shift; $self->x(0); $self->y(0); }

package Point3D; use Moose; extends 'Point'; has 'z' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Int'); after 'clear' => sub { my $self = shift; $self->z(0); } __PACKAGE__->meta->make_immutable;

package Breakable; use Moose::Role; has 'is_broken' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Bool' ); sub break { shift->is_broken(1); }

package Car; use Moose; with 'Breakable'; ...

Outros Modulos
DateTime
Smart::Comments
IO::All
Perl::Tidy
Perl::Critic
Email::Simple
Text::CSV_XS
Config::Any
DBI
Dist::Zilla
Devel::NYTProf
Devel::Cover
Log::Log4Perl
POE
WWW::Mechanize
Task::Kensho

Shell
use Shell qw(cat ps cp); $passwd = cat('</etc/passwd'); @pslines = ps('-ww'); cp("/etc/passwd", "/tmp/passwd"); # Forma OO, utilizando “method missing” my $sh = Shell->new; print $sh->ls('-l');

Inline::C
use Inline C => <<'END_C'; void greet() { printf("Hello, worldn"); } END_C greet; # imprime hello world from C

Attribute::Util
use Attribute::Memoize; sub fib :Memoize { my $n = shift; return $n if $n < 2; fib($n-1) + fib($n-2); } say fib($_) for 1..50;

Attribute::Overload
use Attribute::Overload; sub add : Overload(+) { # ... }

Template Toolkit

DBIx::Class

Catalyst

Dancer

Mojolicious

ojo
perl -Mojo -e '
a("/" => {text => "Hello Mojo!"})->start
' daemon a : any g : get p : post u : put d : delete

Mojolicious::Lite
use Mojolicious::Lite; # Route with placeholder get '/:foo' => sub { my $self = shift; my $foo = $self->param('foo'); $self->render(text => "Hello from $foo!"); }; # Start the Mojolicious command system app->start;

Mojolicious::Lite
# /foo?user=bar get '/foo' => sub { my $self = shift; my $user = $self->param('user'); $self->stash(one => 23); $self->render('baz', two => 24, u => $user); }; __DATA__ @@ baz.html.ep Hello <%=$u%> with <%=$one%> and <%=$two%>.

Mojolicious::Lite
websocket '/echo' => sub { my $self = shift; $self->on_message(sub { my ($self, $message) = @_; $self->send_message("echo: $message"); }); };

http://mojolicio.us/perldoc

Mojolicious

mojo generate app MyApp

MAC179013:palestra peczenyj$ mojo generate app MyApp [mkdir] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/script [write] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/script/my_app [chmod] my_app/script/my_app 744 [mkdir] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/lib [write] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/lib/MyApp.pm [mkdir] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/lib/MyApp [write] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/lib/MyApp/Example.pm [mkdir] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/t [write] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/t/basic.t [mkdir] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/log [mkdir] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/public [write] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/public/index.html [mkdir] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/templates/layouts [write] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/templates/layouts/default.html.ep [mkdir] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/templates/example [write] /Users/peczenyj/palestra/my_app/templates/example/welcome.html.ep

package MyApp; # in my_app/lib use Mojo::Base 'Mojolicious'; # This method will run once at server start sub startup { my $self = shift; # Documentation browser under "/perldoc" $self->plugin('pod_renderer'); # Routes my $r = $self->routes; # Normal route to controller $r->route('/welcome')->to('example#welcome'); } 1;

package MyApp::Example; use Mojo::Base 'Mojolicious::Controller'; # This action will render a template sub welcome { my $self = shift; # Render template "example/welcome.html.ep" # with message $self->render(message => 'Welcome to the Mojolicious Web Framework!'); } 1;

templates/layouts/default.htmp.ep <!doctype html><html> <head><title><%= title %></title></head> <body><%= content %></body> </html> templates/example/welcome.html.ep % layout 'default'; % title 'Welcome'; <h2><%= $message %></h2> This page was generated from the template

#!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings; use Test::More tests => 5; use Test::Mojo; use_ok 'MyApp'; # Test my $t = Test::Mojo->new(app => 'MyApp'); $t->get_ok('/welcome')->status_is(200) ->content_type_is('text/html;charset=UTF-8') ->content_like(qr/Mojolicious Web Framework/i);

Perl5i

Perl 6

Livros Modern Perl – Chromatic (free) Learning Perl – Randal Schwartz Programming Perl – Larry Wall Intermediate Perl Randal Schwartz Mastering Perl – Brian d foy Perl Best Practices – Damian Conway High Order Perl – Mark Jason Dominus

E utilizando o perldoc $ perldoc -f builtinFunction $ perldoc -q FAQ $ perldoc Some::Module $ perldoc perlhist Disponivel em html ou pdf no site perldoc.perl.org

Language Reference
perlsyn – sintaxe
perldata – data types
perlsub – subrotinas
perlvar – variaveis predefinidas
perltie – variaveis “tie”
perlport – escrever codigo portavel !
perlperf – tecnicas de performance
perlmod – modulos e tabela de simbolos

Tutoriais
perlstyle – style guide
perlreftut – references
perlretut – regular expressions
perlunitut – unicode
perllol – arrays of arrays
perlopentut – open things
perlboot – Beginner's OO
perlxstut – sobre XS

Obrigado

http://pacman.blog.br	2481
http://translate.googleusercontent.com	5
http://optimizelyedit.appspot.com	3
http://namao.me	1

Perl Moderno

by Tiago Peczenyj on Jun 05, 2011

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