Library 2.0: A New Version for the Future

Library 2.0: A New Version for the Future Vermont Department of Libraries April 12 -13, 2007 Amy “Mashup” Benson Rob “2.0” Favini

Morning Agenda
Technology environment
Web 2.0 101
Impact
Self-service
Community
Trust

Technological Environment Cell Mobile Viral Momentum Contribution Web as Platform Broadband Adoption Technology Environment

Cell Mobile Viral Momentum Contribution Web as Platform Broadband Adoption Technology Environment

Cell Phone/Mobile Quick Facts
233 million U.S. Subscribers 12/06
More than 76 percent of total U.S. population
10.5 percent of U.S. Households are wireless only
9-1-1 Calls: more than 240,000 a day
Average local monthly bill $56.21
Mobile phone sales to consumers in the US reached 143 million units in 2006
Source: http://www.ctia.org/media/industry_info/index.cfm/AID/10323

Move to Mobile

Minutes of Use

Texting - SMS
Estimate 2.3 trillion messages by 2010 world-wide (1.8 trillion in Asia alone)
$72.5 Billion in revenue by 2010 (up from $39.5 billion in 2005)
“ Wireless messaging is the most successful mainstream mobile data service…”
Gartner Industry Report, 2006 as reported in PC Magazine Online (Dec. 13, 2006)

IM/SMS Speak http://www.transl8it.com

Wifitti

Broadband
71 million US Households (62%) by 2010 (Forrester Research)
Broadband users spend on average 33% more time online than dial up users (Nielsen/NetRatings)
1/3 of US households do not have Internet access (Parks Associates, 2006)

Pew Internet Findings
Young broadband users treat Internet as destination; a place to hang out
43% of users (40 million) browse just for fun on any given day
Broadband users spend more time online and report better outcomes from their Internet use

Wireless (WiFi)
US has 8.8 wifi hotspots per 100,000 people (Ireland 18.3 per 100,000)
Over 11,793 free hot spots in US (anchorfree.com)

City-Wide WiFi
St. Cloud FL 24 sq mi
Tempe AZ 40 sq mi
Boston MA 48 sq mi
Atlanta GA 132 sq mi
Portland OR 134 sq mi
Philadelphia PA 135 sq mi
Corpus Christi TX 147 sq mi
Chicago IL 228 sq mi
Houston TX 600 sq mi
San Francisco CA (network of 1500 hot-spots)

Web as Platform
Rich Internet applications
End of software releases
Web distribution
Creating individual integrated environment
Google Office and Microsoft Live

Contribution
Availability of tools: Blogger, PB Wiki, Audacity, Wordpress…
Sites thriving on users contributing and promoting content: YouTube, digg, craigslist, MySpace, flickr, del.icio.us…

Viral Momentum
Things happen real-time
Web wonders are short-lived but intense
Word of mouth
Web as a collection of connected communities
Always online

Flash Mobbing Smart Mobs Swarming Flash Crowd

Questions?

Web 1.0
Mid 90’s to about 2004
Dot-com boom and bust
Commerce
Producer–consumer model
Portals and static read-only content
Players who dominated: Netscape, Alta Vista, online retailers

Web 2.0 Defined? User-generated content is one of the cornerstones of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 is, at its heart, about understanding what it means to build applications for the network as a platform Web 2.0 is all about empowering individual users Web 2.0 is an attitude not a technology Web 2.0 is a catch phrase created after the dot-com crash to capture the dynamic capabilities and vision of the Web when many had lost hope in its potential

Web 1.0 Web 2.0
DoubleClick
Ofoto
Britannica Online
Personal Websites
Views
Publishing
Content mgt. systems
Directories (taxonomy)
Stickiness
Google AdSense
Flickr
Wikipedia
Blogging
Cost per click
Participation
Wikis
Tagging ("folksonomy")
Syndication
Source: www.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/6228

Welcome to the Web 2.0
The Web as platform
Harnessing collective intelligence
It’s all about data
End of software release cycle
Lightweight programming models
Multiple devices
Rich user experiences
www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/ 2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html

Tim O’Reilly’s 5 Things
Network applications thrive when they harness network effects
Share your information
Don’t rely on one big idea
Program for devices other than computers
Knowledge is power, it’s all about the data

Paul Miller Web 2.0…
Presages a freeing of data
Permits the building of virtual applications
Is participative
Applications work for the user
Applications are modular
Is about sharing code
Is about communication
Is about remix
Opens up the Long Tail
Is built on trust
Source: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue45/miller/

Under the Web 2.0 Hood
Server software
Content syndication
Messaging protocols
Standards-based browsers with plugins and extensions

Achieving a Richer User Experience
Dynamic applications
Running “desktop applications”
Beefing up the experience with Ajax and Flash
Light applications without having to download and install massive programs to the desktop

What Have We Done?
Enterprise 2.0
Learning 2.0
Office 2.0
Travel 2.0
Music 2.0
Plague 2.0
Tiger 2.0

Questions

Self Service Community Trust Web 2.0

Self Service
Eliminate barriers
Customization/privacy
Anywhere anytime
User drives the process

The Long Tail
Coined by Chris Anderson in an October 2004 Wired Magazine article
Products that are in low demand or have low sales volume can collectively make up a market share that rivals or exceeds the relatively few current bestsellers and blockbusters
Where Have you seen it? Amazon and Netflix, Libraries, etc…
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_tail

Popularity Inventory

Community
Sharing, collaboration, content
Reputation
Rise of the professional amateur
Virtual worlds

User as Contributor

Tags and Tagging
Keyword or term associated with or assigned to a piece of information (like picture, article, or video clip)
Usually chosen informally and personally by the author/creator or the consumer of the item
Pew Internet: 28% of online Americans have used the Internet to tag content
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_%28metadata%29

Tag Clouds
A visual depiction of content tags used on a Web site
More frequently used tags are depicted in a larger font or otherwise emphasized, while the displayed order is generally alphabetical

Flickr.com Tag Cloud

Concept is Catching On Source: MSNBC Web Site http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16778058

Virtual Meets Real World

Exploring the Virtual Space

Trust
Openness
Transparency
Collective intelligence
Contributed content
Interactivity

Wikipedia Put to the Test
Stephen Colbert And Wikiality

Wikipedia Community Response
Lock down Elephant page
Discussion about Colbert
Neutrality alerts, e.g. Larry Sanger

Redefine Attention Span
Is it Multitasking or is it
Continuous Partial Attention?

Copyright and Content Ownership
Who owns copyright?
Association of American Publishers vs Google
Who owns content?
Viacom vs You Tube?

Web 2.0 Titans
How big can Google get?
Is Wikipedia a sign of the Apocalypse?

Wild, Wild West!
On Wikipedia no one has to know you are a dog!
The professional amateur rules the day
There’s a lot of junk out there

But what does this have to do with my library?

Afternoon Agenda
Library 2.0
Overview
User expectations
Goals
Examples
New skills and expertise
Technology toolz
Implementation and integration
Beyond Library 2.0

Review Trends that Were Covered earlier by Rob and See How They Apply to Libraries
Community
Sharing and interactivity
Trust
Decentralization of authority
Self service
Eliminate barriers
Personalized content
Customization, selection, filtering
Set data free
Integration and interoperability

Expectations 2.0
Library user expectations are derived from experiences and technology available on the commercial Web
A social phenomenon, not just technology
Library 2.0 (L2) = a new model for library service
A chance to rethink and retool what we do and who we are
Find new ways to involve patrons by letting them contribute content, add tags, rate library items, and get involved in other interactive and collaborative activities
Examples of good uses for new technologies that offer added service, explore new methods to deliver information, revisit user interactions
Blogs, Wikis, IM, RSS, Mashups, Tagging

IM for Virtual Reference
Help the people where they are when they need help
“ Don’t make me go in and talk to a person!”
Make use of tools they are already using
AIM
Google Talk
MSN
Yahoo!
Consolidate access to multiple services
Meebo
Trillian

Blogs
Post up-to-date information about aspects of library operations
Collection materials
Events
Projects
Allow patrons to comment and ask questions
Generate interest, conversation, community
Keep it current

Darien Library Blogs

Podcasting
Audio and video content
Short segments
Educational programs
Library tours
Recorded events
Author talks
Book discussions
Public meetings
Allow people to comment, start conversations online

Wikis
Collaborative resource creation
Anyone can be allowed to contribute and edit content
Policies
Documents
Lists of resources
Library Success: A Best Practices Wiki
http://www.libsuccess.org/

Butler WikiRef

Butler WikiRef – List of Resources

Butler WikiRef – One Resource

RSS
Frequently updated content
Library and collection news
Alert services
Let patrons know about new content, upcoming events, due dates, etc.
Customize
Patrons subscribe to feeds that interest them
RSS readers and aggregators bring together information from multiple sources
Help users manage the information juggernaut that is the WWW

MySpace
Social networking service
Used by people for making connections with other people who share similar interests
Find information, explore communities
Have a presence where the young people hang out
Potential downsides
Libraries not “cool” enough?
MySpace just for kids?
Not really a place for institutions?

Boston Region MySpace Page

User-contributed Content
Web 2.0 sites make it easy for users to contribute content
Images, videos, audio
Ideas
Information
Comments
Conversations
Collaboration
Ratings
Reviews
New approach to describing & organizing online resources
Tagging
User approaches are unsystematic and often unsophisticated
No complicated hierarchy to learn
No special skills required
Contrast with professionally developed taxonomies and controlled vocabularies

Evolution of Data
Data 1.0
Authoritative content
Trained specialists
Taxonomies
Restricted
Controlled vocabularies / terminologies
Standards-based
Contextual
Discovery & access
Data 2.0
User-contributed content
J. Q. Public
Folksonomies
Liberated
Tags
Crowd-driven
Personal
Discovery & access

Google Image Labeler
An attempt to improve tags assigned to images
Decentralize the task of image description
Game format
Paired players go head to head
Random people with no special training and no safety nets
Action! Thrills! Fun! Excitement!

User Contributions
Collective intelligence
Take advantage of contributed work by masses of dedicated people
Analysis of aggregated data and associations using software
Flickr: Ford (car) vs. Ford (president)
Use in conjunction with conventional cataloging
Make users content partners
Takes trust

Ann Arbor District Library -Tags in the OPAC Tags: vegan, dessert, cookbook, cookery Subject Headings: Cake. Vegan cookery. Milk-free diet -- Recipes.

PennTags @ UPenn
A bookmarking tool for locating, organizing, and sharing favorite online resources
Members of the Penn Community can collect and maintain URLs, links to journal articles, and records the online catalogs
Resources can be organized by assigning tags and/or by grouping them into projects and annotating them
A social system and discovery tool
See what others are posting and what tags they are using
Use PennTags collaboratively to help you find others who share your interests
Users can create an RSS feed for tags in PennTags to be notified anytime that tag is used

PennTags Tag Cloud

FRBR
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) from a study by IFLA
Report provides a framework for the nature of and uses for bibliographic records
A conceptual model that’s behind some changes in OPAC result sets, displays, and interactivity
Not a tool or technology or software
FRBR should allow systems to handle bibliographic data in new, useful ways that better fulfill user tasks and meet expectations

FRBR in Use
OCLC’s Fiction Finder Project
A subset of WorldCat database records for fiction materials to which the FRBR algorithm has been applied
An enriched record view for every work of fiction represented in WorldCat
Better search results displays and functionality for WorldCat fiction records including links to groups of related WorldCat records by language, format, manifestation/edition, etc.

OPAC 2.0
Library OPACs contain valuable data
ILS vendors don’t always prioritize functionality requests
John Blyberg
ILS Customer Bill of Rights
http://www.blyberg.net/2005/11/20/ils-customer-bill-of-rights/
Libraries are extracting the data from their OPACS to provide new user displays and functionality

CUPID – U. of Rochester
CUPID: Catalog User Interface Platform for Iterative Design
MARC XML copy of catalog records extracted from OPAC
Displays are based on FRBR model
Additional functionality to meet user needs

WPopac: An OPAC 2.0 Testbed
Uses WordPress blogging software as basis for OPAC
Integrates library catalog materials into mainstream search engine results
Enhanced functionality includes permalinks, comments, RSS feeds, etc. for a richer user experience

“… libraries, and their communities, are invisible to people online. If libraries are to be more than study halls in the Internet age, if they are to continue their role as centers of knowledge in every community, they need to be findable and available online.”
Casey Bisson at Plymouth State

Editions (FRBR concept)
Recommendations, reviews, ratings
Sharing (swap, conversations)
Tags/tag clouds
Links (Find at, Citations)

Self Service
Eliminate barriers
Make services easy to use
No coding ability, or special skills
Provide direct access to information & services
Information anywhere, anytime
“ Just what I need when I need it”
24x7 service
Openness/transparency of operations
Help patrons understand what we do

OCLC’s WorldCat.org
Access to the WorldCat database for the general public
Find in a library near you

Trust
Traditionally, libraries have been wary of maintaining and making use of patron data
Challenge is to find a balance between personalized and privacy
Personalization Privacy

Library ELF
A tool to keep track of library materials
Consolidates activity from multiple library cards at various branches
Sends reminders when due dates approach
Alerts sent via e-mail or RSS feed
Cell phone text message alerts for holds
Requires library card number, PIN, and other personal data

ELF –Supported Libraries

2.0 Technology
Web as platform / user accounts
Blogs: blogger.com
Social networking software: MySpace.com
Virtual world: secondlife.com
Free software toolz
IM: AIM, MSN, Yahoo!
Wikis: PBwiki
Podcasts: iTunes
Browser add-ons
Plugins
Extensions
Bookmarklets
Web scripting languages and tools
Ajax
Javascript
Greasemonkey
Web Services / Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

Set Your Data Free
Unlock your data
Separate content from display
Provide open access to data
Standards-based, shareable data
Interoperability
Open systems
Mashups
A mixture of content or elements often from different Web sites or data sets, usually achieved through APIs
Get users to reshape library data and do some cool things with it

Library ILL Route + GoogleMaps = Mashup

xISBN
A Web Service that takes as input one ISBN and returns a list of other ISBNs of associated intellectual works – other expressions and manifestations
The same Work is often available in a variety of editions, all with different ISBNs (FRBR rides again)
Search results on one specific ISBN can be misleading
Results intended for use by computer systems to generate new, more complete searches such as in an OPAC

xISBN Web Service Result

Library Lookup

Library Look Up

Book Burro
Tag line: Don't search for the lowest price. Let your browser do the work for you!
Firefox extension
When book data appears on a Web page, a small panel displays
Configurable
Select the sites that work for you

Book Burro

Book Burro to BPL

Web 2.0 in 3D
A virtual 3D Web world you can walk through
Interact with others in a virtual landscape through avatars
Virtually visit locations
Famous sites
Neighborhood before house purchase
Explore alternate worlds
3D gaming
Interact, collaborate, contribute in more dimensions

Second Life
Second Life is a 3D virtual world entirely built and owned by its residents
Opened to the public in 2003
Now has 5,413,471 inhabitants from around the globe
Interact with other inhabitants
Build a house or business
Libraries and library services have been established
Virtually attend book discussions
Offer reference services

Second Life for Libraries

Second Life for Librarians

Semantic Web
Term coined by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of Web 1.0
Describes a Web where machines can read Web pages much as we humans read them
Knowledge that humans learn are coded into the system to help computers “understand” data
A set of standards that turns the Web into one big database
Annotation of content on the Web

RDF Example <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:terms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="urn:states:New%20York"> <terms:alternative>NY</terms:alternative> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> Coded equivalent of “New York has the postal abbreviation of NY”

Web 3.0
Smart agents versus encoded data
Write analysis software or tag content
Media search
Images, sound, video - not just text
Two approaches
To find a song, select a song you like
Music Genome Project @ www.pandora.com
Human-analyzed and coded data
To find an image, supply an image
www.riya.com - likeness search
Software-based smart agent

Pervasive Web
A Web that extends beyond the desktop, beyond cell phones and mobile devices
Automate much of what goes on in our houses
Web-connected bathroom mirror for morning news
Web-enabled fridge for grocery alerts
Bluetooth handbag
Body implants

Hallmarks of Library 2.0
Connect people and information, often through technology, as directly as possible
Eliminate barriers
Strive for openness, transparency, ease of use
Integrate library services into the daily lives of patrons
Experiment with new technologies
Develop a rich, interactive user experience @ the library and through the library’s Web site
Serve as information guide and trusted source
Recommend, suggest, review, rate

Hallmarks of Library 2.0
Embrace change (might as well!)
Create an environment where services are launched and feedback is used to make improvements
Perpetual beta
Welcome patron contributions
Comments, conversations, tags, suggestions
Engage users by giving them a forum to create content, give feedback, participate, and be part of a community

I’m am 1.0 going on 2.0
Library 2.0 is an means to an end
It’s about service to our patrons, whoever they are and whatever their needs may be
Imagine the possibilities for new products, processes, and services in your library
Explore new technologies
Take it one step at a time
Libraries as places humans and ideas come together – a perfect mashup

Contact Information
Amy Benson
Program Director,
Digital Services
NELINET, Inc
www.nelinet.net/digital
[email_address]
508.597.1937
800.635.4638 x1937
Rob Favini
Program Director,
Educational Services
NELINET, Inc
www.nelinet.net
[email_address]
508.597.1938
800.635.4638 x1938

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