Equity / Fairness Within Conservation Workshop - Summary of Research Findings: Julia Baker (Parsons Brinkerhoff) provided an overview of the key findings from the R2P research project.

1. Equity / Fairness Within Conservation
-
R2P Workshop 2015
Summary of Research Findings
Julia Baker

2. Integrated Conservation & Development
• Achieving conservation objectives through
equitable & fair socio-economic tools working with
local communities
• Variety of ICD interventions now exist…
• Bwindi’s ICD programme is exceptional

3. Who undertakes unauthorized resource use & why
despite over 25 years of ICD
at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

4. To better understand local needs from Bwindi & how
best to address them

5. Resource use is an indicator useful for management
• Law enforcement data on ‘what & where’
• What type of illegal activity & its location
• Vital to target law enforcement efforts

6. Resource use is an indicator…
• But ‘who & why’ is equally important to target ICD
interventions
• Obtaining this information is difficult
• We overcame this using a combination of
approaches

7. Hypotheses Research Findings
Poorest members of local communities
undertake unauthorised resource use
Livelihood security & subsistence needs are
primary drivers of unauthorised resource
use
Those engaged with unauthorised resource
use perceive that they have benefitted less
from ICD

8. People arrested for unauthorized resource use
• Significantly poorer than other community
members
• Many live in the ‘frontline’ zone & remote areas far
from trading centres
• Poverty - a major driver of unauthorized resource
use?

9. All undertaking unauthorized resource use (not just
those arrested)
• Bushmeat - the forest resource that local people
most want & most consume
• Many hunters live in the ‘frontline’ zone
• & hunt because of poverty, unable to afford meat
or livestock or seek medicinal needs
• So again poverty is a major driver of unauthorized
resource use

10. All undertaking unauthorized resource use (not just
those arrested)
• But some hunters are not the poorest in their
community
• And hunt because they felt costs & benefits from
protected area conservation is unfair

11. Feelings of unfairness over Bwindi’s conservation
unfair share of
Revenue Sharing
jobs given to
outsiders
lack of support
over crop raiding

12. So how best to improve ICD?

13. Hypotheses Research Findings
Poorest members of local communities
undertake unauthorised resource use
Livelihood security & subsistence needs are
primary drivers of unauthorised resource
use
Those engaged with unauthorised resource
use perceive that they have benefitted less
from ICD

14. Hypotheses Research Findings
Poorest members of local
communities undertake
unauthorised resource use
YES arrested people are poorer; bushmeat
hunting driven by povertyLivelihood security & subsistence
needs are primary drivers of
unauthorised resource use
Those engaged with unauthorised
resource use perceive that they have
benefitted less from ICD

15. Hypotheses Research Findings
Poorest members of local
communities undertake
unauthorised resource use YES arrested people are poorer; bushmeat
hunting driven by poverty
NO those driven by feelings of unfairness who
are not necessarily the poorest
Livelihood security & subsistence
needs are primary drivers of
unauthorised resource use
Those engaged with unauthorised
resource use perceive that they have
benefitted less from ICD

16. Hypotheses Research Findings
Poorest members of local
communities undertake
unauthorised resource use YES arrested people are poorer; bushmeat
hunting driven by poverty
NO those driven by feelings of inequity who
are not necessarily the poorest
Livelihood security & subsistence
needs are primary drivers of
unauthorised resource use
Those engaged with unauthorised
resource use perceive that they have
benefitted less from ICD
YES people seek compensation because they
feel distribution of costs & benefits of
conservation are unfair

17. So how best to improve ICD?
• A targeted, fairer approach
• For Bwindi, this especially means targeting ICD to
benefit those suffering the greatest costs of
conservation

18. “People are angered by the revenue sharing of giving
goats. Those who are benefitting by receiving goats
are those who are not living near the Park. People
near the Park [like us] are denied goats, so we are
angry and go to the Park and poach”
Farmer of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, 2013

19. Fair Conservation
• Arose from ethical & moral concerns
• But also a necessity for conservation to be effective
& sustainable

20. Equity / Fairness Within Conservation
-
R2P Workshop 2015
Group Work

21. Enhancing Equity / Fairness within Conservation
• What does equitable / fair or inequitable / unfair
conservation mean to you – explain this as general
principles or specific examples
• Why is equity / fairness important to communities
and for conservation?

22. Equity / Fairness Within Conservation
-
R2P Workshop 2015
Group Work

23. Enhancing Equity / Fairness in Revenue Sharing
• How can we strengthen implementation of the next
round of revenue sharing to make it more equitable
/ fair?
• How could we strengthen the revenue sharing policy
to make it more equitable / fair (as this will be
reviewed in the next two years as part of the new
Wildlife Policy)?

24. Equity / Fairness Within Conservation
-
R2P Workshop 2015
Objectives of the Workshop

25. WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES
• Raise awareness of key research findings from R2P
project
• Explore different views on fairness / equity in
conservation
• Develop and agree ideas for making Revenue Sharing
more equitable and fair