This document summarizes key concepts in physics from kinematics to dynamics. It begins with definitions of physics, motion, and how motion can be divided into kinematics and dynamics. Kinematics is the mathematical representation of motion using scalars and vectors, while dynamics studies forces and their effects on motion. Examples of concepts covered for each include free fall motion and projectile motion for kinematics, and Newton's Laws of Motion, inertia, and friction for dynamics. A brief history of physics is also provided, highlighting discoveries from ancient Greek scientists to Galileo and Newton.

1. Physics
(Summary: Kinematics to Dynamics)
Shaun Andre V. Tan
Fourth Year B
Teacher: Engr. Philip P. Carpina
Bacolod Tay Tung High School
Physics
(Summary: Kinematics to Dynamics)
Shaun Andre V. Tan
Fourth Year B
Teacher: Engr. Philip P. Carpina
Bacolod Tay Tung High School

2. •What is Physics?
• Physics, a branch of
Science, is the study of
energy, force, and
matter and its motion
• It is commonly called
the most basic science
• It deals using equations
and units
©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)

3. 1514 Nicolaus Copernicus develops his heliocentric theory. He publishes it in
1543, a few days before his death.
1604 Galileo Galilei proves that falling bodies are accelerated towards the
ground at a constant rate. He also shows that the distance for a falling
object increases as the square of the time.
1609 Johannes Kepler publishes his First and Second laws of planetary motion
in a book entitled Astronomia Nova.
1613 Galileo Galilei introduces his principle of inertia.
1619 Johannes Kepler publishes his Third law of planetary motion.
1638 Galileo introduces the concept of the relativity of motion in his Two New
Sciences.
1665-1966 Isaac Newton begins his work on the motion of bodies. He also completes
his theory of colors, develops the main ideas on the calculus, and his law
of gravitation.
… Physics is continually developed…
A Brief Look Back at Physics…
425 BC Democritus proposes that all matter is made of small indivisible particles
that he calls "atoms."
280 BC Aristarchus of Samos determines the relative distances of the sun and the
moon from the earth. He also determines the relative sizes of the sun, the
moon and the earth. These considerations lead him to propose that the
earth revolves around the sun.
240 BC Archimedes discovers his principle of buoyancy (Archimedes' Principle).
235 BC Eratosthenes develops a method to measure the circumference of the
earth.
130 Ptolemy develops his a theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies.
According to his theory, the earth is at the center of the universe and the
sun and known planets revolve around it.
Calle, Carlos. Superstrings and Other Things: A Guide to Physics. (2001)©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)

4. •Motion
• It is the state of changing something’s position
• It is relative, meaning an objects position
depends on where they exist in relation to
other things
• It can be branched out into two…
Motion
Kinematics Dynamics
-studies forces and their effects on motion-the mathematical representation of motion
Ground
The object is moving in relation to the ground
Ground
©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)

5. • The Mathematical representation of motion
• Described with scalars and vectors
• Makes use of Kinematic Equations
*Scalars – Magnitude only (e.g. Time (t), Distance, Speed)
Vectors – Magnitude with Direction (e.g. Displacement (d), Velocity (V), Acceleration (a))
•Kinematics
Total distance covered
Distance between A and BSpeed + Direction
©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)

6. •Free Fall Motion
•• With this in mind, we can
predict the distance of
dropped objects in a
given time…
•Linear Motion
• It is the motion along a straight line
©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)

7. •Kinematic Graphing
(At rest…)(In Constant Motion…)(In Accelerating Motion…)
©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)

8. •Projectile Motion
• It is a motion where there is one force applied
at the beginning of the trajectory (path of
motion) after which gravity is the only force
interfering it
• Its trajectory is parabolic, meaning it can be
divided into two equal parts
©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)

9. •Dynamics
• It studies forces and its effect on motion
• An object at rest stays at rest unless
acted on by an unbalanced
force, and an object in motion stays
in motion with the same velocity
unless acted upon on by an
unbalanced force.
a quantity that is
dependent on inertia
• For every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
Forces MotionDynamics
Newton’s Laws
Inertia
Mass
Action Reaction
Action Force
Reaction Force
Acceleration
AccelerationForce
Friction
Mass
Weight
At rest
Unbalanced Force Unbalanced Force
Constant Motion
Unbalanced Force
Therefore:
Force
Acceleration
/Mass
=
The force resisting the relative motion of surfaces
Friction is divided into:
• Static
• Friction at rest to motion
• Kinetic
• Friction at motion
Friction is… Action Force Reaction Force=
©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)
Forces MotionDynamics
Newton’s Laws
Inertia
Mass
Action Reaction
Action Force
Reaction Force
Acceleration
AccelerationForce
Friction
Mass
Weight

10. DISCOVER
the point is
understand
This is only the
of Physics…
what
later on.
BEGINNING
IMAGINE
WE
WILL LEARN
TRUTHS
them.
All
EASY
once
DISCOVERED;
they are
DISCOVERING
-Galileo Galilei
are
to
©Shaun Andre V. Tan (August 2013)
THANK YOU!!!
Presentation by Shaun Andre Tan