Mangosteen

2. Course No: FSC-506
Course Title: Breeding of fruit crops (2+1)
Pawankumarnagar
M.Sc.(Horti.)Fruitscience
REG.NO:04-2690-2015

3.  Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical fruit tree
species known for its delicate exotic appeals
 The tree is referred to as ‘Queen of tropical fruit’
 Mangosteen fruit has a high economic value, thus it has good
prospects to be developed into an excellent export commodity
 Finest fruit of the world
 Typical example of parthenogenetic development
 It is also known as ENRGY TABLET
 In this glucose is present in readily available form.

4.  Mangosteen fruit can be consumed fresh or as processed food.
 Medicinal properties:
 Used traditionally as medicine to treat inflammation, diarrhea,
dysentery, wounds and skin infection.
 Fruit contains the secondary metabolite xanthones. The
biological effects of xanthones are diverse and include
antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, ant malarial, anti-
inflammatory, cytotoxic, and HIV-1 inhibitory activities.

5.  B.N.: Garcinia mangostana
 Family: Clusiaceae (Guttiferae)
 Somatic chromosome number = 96
 Polyploid (2n= 4x= 96)
 The mangosteen is morphologically intermediate between
G. malaccencis and G. hombroniana.
 Mangosteen is an obligate agamosperm which reproduces
by the adventitious budding of pro- embryos from ovular
tissues.
Taxonomy

6.  G. dulcis
 G. xanthochymus
 G. prainiana
 G. cowa
 G. hanburyi
 G. cambogia
 G. hombroniana
WildGarciniaspecies

7. In Thailand, two classes of mangosteen are recognized:
 Southern mangosteen: Large fruits, thick pericarp, green calyx
and reddish- pink color of ripe fruits
 Nonthaburi mangosteen: Smaller, more elongated fruits with
thinner pericarp, red calyx and dark purple ripe fruits
 Mangosteen is an erect trees and slow growing. It is caused by
bed rooting system, low of intake water and mineral, low of
photosynthesis rate, a long of dormancy phase. Characteristic of
mangosteen trees are

9.  In India, flowering occurs in April- May and again in October-
November
 The mangosteen is dioecious and differ from many other
tropical trees in that the fruits are reproduced by
parthenogenesis
 Female flowers are solitary or occasionally in pairs and develop
at the extreme tips of young branches
 The female flowers are 5-6 cm in diameter and have four sepals
and four petals which are born on short, thick pedicel

10. The staminodes, which are numerous, are more or less
arranged in groups of 1-3 in 1-2 series, forming ring around the
base of the ovary
The ovary is sessile, subglobose and 4-8 celled. The prominent
thickened stigma is sessile and bears as many lobes as there are
cells in the ovary
The flowers are short lived; they open in the late afternoon and
the petals fall shortly thereafter

11. Flower of Mangosteen

12. Desirable traits in new mangosteen cultivar includes:
 Longer seed viability
 Easier propagation
 Faster growth in nursery
 Short juvenile period
 Higher tolerance of lower environmental humidity
 Higher fruit yield
 Free from gambose disorder

13.  The mangosteen seeds are formed obligate apomicts and in the
group seed recalcitrant
 The seed is not from the results of pollination and fertilization
but it’s comes from nucellus cells
 Embryo that appear derived from somatic embryos
 All mangosteen trees are believed to be genetically identical or
homogenous and genetic variability of mangosteen is very
limited

14.  In spite of lack of variation in this species certain fruit
characteristics such as thickness of pericarp and pulp have been
observed to vary between individual trees
 The elite plants with desirable fruit characters (size, color, pulp
quality- sweetness, acidity, fragrance etc., seed content and shelf
life) and heavy bearing need to be selected and multiplied for
future planning

15.  As indicated, all bearing mangosteen trees are sexual
descendants of a single female tree which could be a
hybrid between G. mangostana and either G
.malaccencis or G. hombroniana
 As such, all mangosteens essentially represent a single
seed reproducing clone

16.  Very limited biotechnological work has been reported in this crop
 Tissue culture techniques have been developed to propagate
mangosteen at faster speed
 Proliferating shoots were obtained from cotyledon segments
cultured on modified MS medium with b-BAP
 Genetic diversity of mangosteen was developed by using SSR
markers
 Molecular analysis using RAPD showed DNA changing on mutant.
Two primers, i.e. OPH13 and OPH18 could differentiate between
wild and mutant, irradiated seed with 2 krad gamma rays