Laila AL-Hadrahmani & Paul Penfold Virtual Education in Second Life: Teachers' Perspectives Virtual Seminar by: Laila Al Hadhrami & Paul Penfold

Introduction 20 minute presentation - please leave your comments on Slidecast From: LAILA AL HADHRAMI Instructional & Learning Technologies Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman Email: [email_address] PAUL PENFOLD School of Hotel & Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HK Email: [email_address]

20 minute presentation -

please leave your comments on Slidecast

From:

LAILA AL HADHRAMI

Instructional & Learning Technologies Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman

Email: [email_address]

PAUL PENFOLD

School of Hotel & Tourism Management,

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HK

Email: [email_address]

Seminar Content Introducing virtual worlds & Second Life (SL) Teaching & learning in SL New roles of instructors in SL. Advantages & disadvantages of using SL. Teachers experience of teaching in SL Challenges and opportunities Conclusions & recommendations References/Bibliography.

Introducing virtual worlds & Second Life (SL)

Teaching & learning in SL

New roles of instructors in SL.

Advantages & disadvantages of using SL.

Teachers experience of teaching in SL

Challenges and opportunities

Conclusions & recommendations

References/Bibliography.

What are Virtual Worlds? “ A virtual world is a computer-based simulated environment intended for its users to inhabit and interact using avatars. Virtual worlds are also called "digital worlds," "simulated worlds," and “MUVE’s.” Not Simulations Not games Open ended – users choose the outcome and the activity

“ A virtual world is a computer-based simulated environment intended for its users to inhabit and interact using avatars. Virtual worlds are also called "digital worlds," "simulated worlds," and “MUVE’s.”

Not Simulations

Not games

Open ended – users choose the outcome and the activity

Common Features Shared Space Graphical User Interface Immediacy Interactivity Persistence Socialization/Community

Shared Space

Graphical User Interface

Immediacy

Interactivity

Persistence

Socialization/Community

Virtual Worlds - Data Population of USA = 301 Million (July 2007 est.) Population of virtual worlds = 238 Million & rising daily

Virtual Worlds - Data Population of Australia = 20.4 Million (2007) Population of Cyworld = 21 Million (2008)

60 Million +

238 Million + 160 Million +

20 Million +

Total User Accounts 238M+

Even Mi5 are using Virtual Worlds for recruitment

Major Brands Big brands are embracing Virtual Worlds: AOL, BMW, Cisco, Dell, Intel, IBM, Mercedes and Sears etc Second LIfe theme park operated by Samsung and Softbank

Big brands are embracing Virtual Worlds:

AOL, BMW, Cisco, Dell, Intel, IBM, Mercedes and Sears etc

What is Second Life? Launched in 2003, Second Life is an online 3D virtual world created by Linden Labs. Second Life provides an immersive environment for users to play and interact in. Second Life is the size of a small city, with thousands of servers (called simulators)

Launched in 2003, Second Life is an online 3D virtual world created by Linden Labs.

Second Life provides an immersive environment for users to play and interact in.

Second Life is the size of a small city, with thousands of servers (called simulators)

Who is using Second Life? Registered population of over 13 Million (not all live). From over 100 countries 60% are men, 40% are women Aged from 18 - 85. Also a teen-SL for under 18s

Registered population of over 13 Million (not all live).

From over 100 countries

60% are men, 40% are women

Aged from 18 - 85.

Also a teen-SL for under 18s

The Basics Your own avatar Behaviour Engaged, but not constrained Interaction All objects can be scripted No material costs

Your own avatar

Behaviour

Engaged, but not constrained

Interaction

All objects can be scripted

No material costs

Communication chat IM group IM IM <-> email voice Skype integration

chat

IM

group IM

IM <-> email

voice

Skype integration

Moving around walking flying teleporting locally via scripted objects longer distances via ‘landmarks’ in-world search engine Directly from the Web

walking

flying

teleporting

locally via scripted objects

longer distances via ‘landmarks’

in-world search engine

Directly from the Web

Land & Building rent or buy needed for permanent buildings shops, galleries, universities mainland areas private islands objects made out of basic building blocks – prims (cubes, spheres, etc )

rent or buy

needed for permanent buildings

shops, galleries, universities

mainland areas

private islands

objects made out of basic building blocks – prims (cubes, spheres, etc )

Teaching & Learning in SL 500 educational institutions 4,000 teachers (on SL Ed mailing list) Two models Working campus (functional – no walls) Reflective campus (like the real world)

500 educational institutions

4,000 teachers (on SL Ed mailing list)

Two models

Working campus (functional – no walls)

Reflective campus (like the real world)

Universities use of SL Formal teaching lectures, tutorials, training, presentations, demonstrations. Informal education offers more exploration and creativity student exhibitions, role play, games and virtual quests (Bleacher & Stockman, 2008).

Formal teaching

lectures, tutorials, training, presentations, demonstrations.

Informal education offers more exploration and creativity

student exhibitions, role play, games and virtual quests (Bleacher & Stockman, 2008).

Subject Areas The most common uses of Second Life seem to be in: computer studies, science subjects and humanities (Livingstone & Kemp, 2007), architectural studies, urban planning, graphic design, anatomy, natural sciences, law, languages, programming, literature, art and tourism. Dickey (2005)

The most common uses of Second Life seem to be in:

computer studies, science subjects and humanities (Livingstone & Kemp, 2007),

architectural studies, urban planning, graphic design, anatomy, natural sciences, law, languages, programming, literature, art and tourism. Dickey (2005)

Second Health Hospital Nursing/Medical The Heart Murmur Sim Second Life Hospital Imperial College London

Second Health Hospital

Libraries Info Island (built by librarians) is a cluster of islands bustling with activities that explore roles libraries and librarians may play in 3D virtual worlds

Info Island (built by librarians) is a cluster of islands bustling with activities that explore roles libraries and librarians may play in 3D virtual worlds

Languages Also: SL Islands for Chinese, Japanese & many European languages Instructors at the English Village use “holoteaching,” using classrooms where you can completely change scenes with the touch of a button, like the holodeck in the TV show Star Trek. English Village

Building & Real Estate Urban planning, collaborative architecture, building design, real estate practice & law etc

Urban planning, collaborative architecture, building design, real estate practice & law etc

Computing Computer programming

Computer programming

Tourism & Travel Virtual Field trip - Morocco Hotel visits

Clothing, textiles, design

New Roles of Instructors in SL A new learning environment – many challenges Need for more collaboration. Rather than competing, faculty are pushed towards innovative collaboration across disciplines and national boundaries.

A new learning environment – many challenges

Need for more collaboration.

Rather than competing, faculty are pushed towards innovative collaboration across disciplines and national boundaries.

New roles Instructors realize that familiar ways of delivering knowledge and information may not be as effective in a 3D multi-user space. Most educators try traditional ways of teaching first, and then move them towards more student-centred pedagogies.

Instructors realize that familiar ways of delivering knowledge and information may not be as effective in a 3D multi-user space.

Most educators try traditional ways of teaching first, and then move them towards more student-centred pedagogies.

New strategies for teaching From expert to a facilitator Assessment challenges in SL How to balance in-world and out-world instructional experiences. How to create greater levels of interactivity between learners, the internet, Web 2.0 tools and virtual worlds.

From expert to a facilitator

Assessment challenges in SL

How to balance in-world and out-world instructional experiences.

How to create greater levels of interactivity between learners, the internet, Web 2.0 tools and virtual worlds.

Research with Teachers Survey with 5 teachers who used SL in Spring Semester 2008

Survey with 5 teachers who used SL in Spring Semester 2008

What were the main challenges? KEY A) Setting up Second Life B) Not enough time for the session or tutorial C) Technical issues D) Lack of experience in using Second Life E) Other Other: Lack of computing facilities for students. Need to spend extra time to get the students familiar SL Should've been more prepared, had to rely on technicians. One of my groups had technical problems with the voice chat

Other:

Lack of computing facilities for students.

Need to spend extra time to get the students familiar SL

Should've been more prepared, had to rely on technicians.

One of my groups had technical problems with the voice chat

What went well in using SL? KEY A) Students enjoyed using it B) It was an interactive experience for students C) It was a good learning experience for students D) It provided a new dimension for my subject E) It gave some variety to the subject F) Other Other: New learning / teaching experience for students & teachers.

Other:

New learning / teaching experience for students & teachers.

Would you use SL again?

What would you do differently? More time for students' hands-on experience Schedule tutorials in a computer lab and guide students into SL personally during initial sessions. Need to give students more time to learn the system. Have all computers ready before students arrive.

More time for students' hands-on experience

Schedule tutorials in a computer lab and guide students into SL personally during initial sessions.

Need to give students more time to learn the system.

Have all computers ready before students arrive.

What would you do differently? Spend more time using SL, so that I am able to assist students more. Select some year 1 subjects to kick off first. So, when the students move to year 2 and 3, they will be well prepared for any SL activity Use SL in a more operations-based class

Spend more time using SL, so that I am able to assist students more.

Select some year 1 subjects to kick off first. So, when the students move to year 2 and 3, they will be well prepared for any SL activity

Use SL in a more operations-based class

What can we do to improve the use of Second Life in the classroom? Promote to the students about SL Include it as default install on all university computers. Include university IT in planning.

Promote to the students about SL

Include it as default install on all university computers.

Include university IT in planning.

What can we do to improve the use of Second Life in the classroom? Video a few online sessions and present the video to senior management, other staff and students. Continue to let faculty know how it can be used as a teaching tool. Make them aware of the facilities that have already been built, and suggest ideas for interactive sessions.

Video a few online sessions and present the video to senior management, other staff and students.

Continue to let faculty know how it can be used as a teaching tool.

Make them aware of the facilities that have already been built, and suggest ideas for interactive sessions.

Problems Technical hurdles – graphic cards, speed Learning curve User expectations Crime, sex, money & politics Most problems in real world exist in SL!

Technical hurdles – graphic cards, speed

Learning curve

User expectations

Crime, sex, money & politics

Most problems in real world exist in SL!

Challenges & Difficulties Many educators are excited about the potential of virtual worlds, others are wary or sceptical. Some consider them as upmarket games, while others are afraid they will degrade student learning. Virtual worlds present many challenges for students, teachers, and administrators.

Many educators are excited about the potential of virtual worlds, others are wary or sceptical.

Some consider them as upmarket games, while others are afraid they will degrade student learning.

Virtual worlds present many challenges for students, teachers, and administrators.

Seven Major Challenges Antonacci et al ( 2007) listed seven major challenges faced by most teachers and students, these being: technology, support, faculty development, legal issues, mature content, learning curve and cost.

Antonacci et al ( 2007) listed seven major challenges faced by most teachers and students, these being:

technology,

support,

faculty development,

legal issues,

mature content,

learning curve and

cost.

Technology Most university campuses do not have technical infrastructure to support large-scale implementation of virtual worlds

Most university campuses do not have technical infrastructure to support large-scale implementation of virtual worlds

Faculty support Need to support faculty in their teaching

Need to support faculty in their teaching

Legal issues Intellectual property issues, security, data protection and personal safety of students are also big concerns to universities.

Intellectual property issues, security, data protection and personal safety of students are also big concerns to universities.

Mature content Concerns about adult content These threats can be minimized Under-18s are banned from SL Teachers have to get special permission to enter and teach in the SLTeen Grid

Concerns about adult content

These threats can be minimized

Under-18s are banned from SL

Teachers have to get special permission to enter and teach in the SLTeen Grid

Learning curve It takes time to learn Not many faculty are willing to devote time to learning a new piece of software.

It takes time to learn

Not many faculty are willing to devote time to learning a new piece of software.

Financial cost Cost may be a deterrent for some universities

Cost may be a deterrent for some universities

Conclusions An alternative and potentially neutral learning space A greater range and diversity of learning space environments Enables real time interactions and global alliances A great advance on older learning environments such as Blackboard, Moodle & WebCT

An alternative and potentially neutral learning space

A greater range and diversity of learning space environments

Enables real time interactions and global alliances

A great advance on older learning environments such as Blackboard, Moodle & WebCT

Conclusions A greater variety of teaching and learning styles Different opportunity for greater range of interactions with teacher Traditional role of the teacher changes More personal interactions possible

A greater variety of teaching and learning styles

Different opportunity for greater range of interactions with teacher

Traditional role of the teacher changes

More personal interactions possible

SL Conclusions Usefuleaching, learning, research, performance, construction, demonstration The key advantage of SL - the student must be an active learner. The student has to develop ‘stuff,’ collaborate and participate. Learning by participating & doing than by listening and absorbing.

Usefuleaching, learning, research, performance, construction, demonstration

The key advantage of SL - the student must be an active learner.

The student has to develop ‘stuff,’ collaborate and participate.

Learning by participating & doing than by listening and absorbing.

Recommendations Go slow – experiment, pilot test, evaluate Try and get buy-in from Management and ITS Demonstrate what can be done Disseminate and show successes

Go slow – experiment, pilot test, evaluate

Try and get buy-in from Management and ITS

Demonstrate what can be done

Disseminate and show successes

Recommendations Find appropriate topics or courses Use the media appropriately – e.g. not necessarily lectures but exploration, design or socialization Involve the innovators and pioneers Recognize the limitations and challenges Overcome the technical issues

Find appropriate topics or courses

Use the media appropriately – e.g. not necessarily lectures but exploration, design or socialization

Involve the innovators and pioneers

Recognize the limitations and challenges

Overcome the technical issues

References

Useful Links

Get creative – get a Second Life