I/O In Java Parag Shah Adaptive Software Solutions http://www.adaptivesoftware.biz http://www.adaptivelearningonline.net

Agenda Files Streams Serialization Tokenization

Files

Streams

Serialization

Tokenization

Overview What should an IO system encompass? Abstractions for the following Communicating with various sources and sinks of I/O Console Files Network sockets... Doing the I/O in multiple ways Character Binary Buffered... Approach taken by Java for the IO system

What should an IO system encompass?

Abstractions for the following

Communicating with various sources and sinks of I/O

Console

Files

Network sockets...

Doing the I/O in multiple ways

Character

Binary

Buffered...

Approach taken by Java for the IO system

Vocabulary Streams Buffers Readers Writers

Streams

Buffers

Readers

Writers

Standard IO Reading from StandardInput (see Echo.java) System.in (Raw IOStream) Writing to Standard Output System.out (PrintStream) Standard Error System.err (PrintStream) Redirecting standard IO [see: Redirecting.java]

Reading from StandardInput (see Echo.java)

System.in (Raw IOStream)

Writing to Standard Output

System.out (PrintStream)

Standard Error

System.err (PrintStream)

Redirecting standard IO [see: Redirecting.java]

A Simple Example System.out.println(); System is a class out is a static attribute of system out is of type PrintStream

System.out.println();

System is a class

out is a static attribute of system

out is of type PrintStream

A Simple Example contd. System.in.read(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedInputStream(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System is a class in is a static attribute of system in is of type InputStream InputStreamReader converts an InputStream to the Reader hierarchy BufferedReader adds buffering and line reading capabilities to the Reader

System.in.read();

BufferedReader br = new BufferedInputStream(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

System is a class

in is a static attribute of system

in is of type InputStream

InputStreamReader converts an InputStream to the Reader hierarchy

BufferedReader adds buffering and line reading capabilities to the Reader

Files & Directories The File class is an abstract represention of file and directory pathnames It does NOT represent a file see FileExample.java RandomAccessFile does represent a file Can read or write at arbitrary locations

The File class is an abstract represention of file and directory pathnames

It does NOT represent a file

see FileExample.java

RandomAccessFile does represent a file

Can read or write at arbitrary locations

Streams What are Streams? Arbitrary data source/destination Details of the device is abstracted InputStream Data input source Abstract class java.io.InputStream OutputStream Data output destination Abstract class java.io.OutputStream

What are Streams?

Arbitrary data source/destination

Details of the device is abstracted

InputStream

Data input source

Abstract class java.io.InputStream

OutputStream

Data output destination

Abstract class java.io.OutputStream

InputStream Various sources of data Array of bytes String object File Pipe

Various sources of data

Array of bytes

String object

File

Pipe

InputStream See [StreamExample.java]

See [StreamExample.java]

OutputStream Data Sinks ByteArray File Pipe

Data Sinks

ByteArray

File

Pipe

OutputStream See [StreamExample.java]

See [StreamExample.java]

FilterInputStream Used to format/filter data being read from an InputStream Types of FilterInputStream DataInputStream BufferedInputStream LineNumberInputStream PushbackInputStream

Used to format/filter data being read from an InputStream

Types of FilterInputStream

DataInputStream

BufferedInputStream

LineNumberInputStream

PushbackInputStream

FilterOutputStream Used to write formatted/filtered data to an OutputStream Types of FilterOutputStream DataOutputStream PrintStream BufferedOutputStream

Used to write formatted/filtered data to an OutputStream

Types of FilterOutputStream

DataOutputStream

PrintStream

BufferedOutputStream

Readers & Writers Purpose of Readers & Writers Input/Output Stream are for byte based I/O Readers for unicode based char I/O Modifying stream behaviour FilterReader FilterWriter (abstract class with no subclasses)

Purpose of Readers & Writers

Input/Output Stream are for byte based I/O

Readers for unicode based char I/O

Modifying stream behaviour

FilterReader

FilterWriter (abstract class with no subclasses)

The Reader Hierarchy The Reader Hierarchy

The Reader Hierarchy

The Writer Hierarchy The Writer Hierarchy

The Writer Hierarchy

IO Best Practices Best Practice Use Readers / Writers for character IO Use Input/OutputStream for byte based IO For reading/writing data in a portable manner use DataInput(Output)Stream Use buffering Always close the streams

Best Practice

Use Readers / Writers for character IO

Use Input/OutputStream for byte based IO

For reading/writing data in a portable manner use DataInput(Output)Stream

Use buffering

Always close the streams

Object Serialization - 1 What is serialization When do we need serialization

What is serialization

When do we need serialization

Object Serialization - 2 Serializing objects ObjectOutputStream Deserializing objects ObjectInputStream Remember no constructors are called see [SerializationExample.java]

Serializing objects

ObjectOutputStream

Deserializing objects

ObjectInputStream

Remember no constructors are called

see [SerializationExample.java]

Object Serialization - 3 Controlling serialization The Serializable interface The transient keyword The Externalizable interface

Controlling serialization

The Serializable interface

The transient keyword

The Externalizable interface

Tokenizing What are tokens? StringTokenizer StreamTokenizer

What are tokens?

StringTokenizer

StreamTokenizer

String Tokenizer Tokenizes a String We must define delimiting characters Throws an Exception if we go beyond the String size. See [StringTokenizingExample.java] It is recommended to use the split() method in String See [StringSplitExample.java]

Tokenizes a String

We must define delimiting characters

Throws an Exception if we go beyond the String size.

See [StringTokenizingExample.java]

It is recommended to use the split() method in String

See [StringSplitExample.java]

Stream Tokenizer Tokenizes an input stream Parsing process is controlled by a table and flags Each byte read from the input stream is regarded as a character in the range 'u0000' through 'u00FF'

Tokenizes an input stream

Parsing process is controlled by a table and flags

Each byte read from the input stream is regarded as a character in the range 'u0000' through 'u00FF'

Stream Tokenizer The character value is used to look up five possible attributes of the character White space Alphabetic Numeric String quote Comment character Each character can have zero or more of these attributes

The character value is used to look up five possible attributes of the character

White space

Alphabetic

Numeric

String quote

Comment character

Each character can have zero or more of these attributes

Stream Tokenizer Each tokenizer has four flags :- Whether line terminators are to be returned as tokens or treated as white space that merely separates tokens. Whether C-style comments are to be recognized and skipped. Whether C++-style comments are to be recognized and skipped. Whether the characters of identifiers are converted to lowercase.

Each tokenizer has four flags :-

Whether line terminators are to be returned as tokens or treated as white space that merely separates tokens.

Whether C-style comments are to be recognized and skipped.

Whether C++-style comments are to be recognized and skipped.

Whether the characters of identifiers are converted to lowercase.

Using Stream Tokenizer Create an instance of StreamTokenizer Set up tables and flags Loop through the stream calling nextToken until a TT_EOF is returned. See [StreamTokenizingExample.java]

Create an instance of StreamTokenizer

Set up tables and flags

Loop through the stream calling nextToken until a TT_EOF is returned.

See [StreamTokenizingExample.java]

Summary Streams Types of Input & Output streams The decorator design pattern The need for so many stream classes Serialization Tokenizing

Streams

Types of Input & Output streams

The decorator design pattern

The need for so many stream classes

Serialization

Tokenizing

Where to Get More Information Thinking In Java By Bruce Eckel Sun Java Trail http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/io/index.html

Thinking In Java By Bruce Eckel

Sun Java Trail

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/io/index.html