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(Sovereignty)




(     )                         “   ”


      (Absoluteness)



    (permanence)




          (Comprehensiveness)
(Indivisibility)




-




                       3




     (Sovereignty)
1.



2.




3.


      __

Mmm




           2   5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Harold lasswell



H. J. Laski


( government)               (Subjects)     (Supermacy)


Woodrow Willson




                    (           , 2548 )
              25
                                                   (State,C
ountry,Govenment)
                                   (
                        )
Natus                       (Birth)
                (Nation)




                      (Nationality)




      (State)              (Nation)




           (State)                    4



1.)              ( Population)



                                          (Andora)


            5,000                                    (Vatican City)
                           1,000



                   (Plato)
                                                                      ( Free Citizen
)
                            5,040
3
(
      )                   (Slaves)
                        (Aliens)




             25
      (Citizens)




2.)       (Territory)




                                   3
(San Marino)             38
3,619,644




                                    . 1971




      (Patriotism)




3.)       (Government)




                           (administrative agencies)
25




4.)                              (Sovereignty and Independence)
                                      (Sovereignty)



                           ( Independence)
                                 (outside
States)




                                                           (de jure)
              (de facto)
2.


(Voluntary action)
2                                     (de
facto)


                     (de jure)




Aristotle
                                   (Ethical)




John Locke                       Aristotle


                                 (Commonwealth)


                25




Adam Smith
                                        The
Wealth of Nation      3



(public works)
            (The Function of the State)
                                                  3
1.)                    (Essential Function)



-
-



-



-
-
2.)                (Business Function)




3.)                   (Service Function)




                                              2
1
Anarchism



Individualism




                            Socialism




                                    Socialism     Communism


                                            Socialism


                25
                                    Communism



          2



                        2
1.)              (Democracy)                            Democracy
      2         demos
          People                        Kretein         to rule


                             ( rule by people )   Popular sovereignty
2
     1




     2




                              ( . .1789)
              (Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity)


                                           3
2.)         (dictatorship)


           2                             (authoritarianism)
(Totalitarianism)




               25



                                                                  “


                             ”




                     (Totalitarianism)


                                                              (
  )
                                              (Presidium)
. . 2550
                                                   (Essential Function)


(Business Function)                        (Service Function)
                      . . 2550




      5                                                  10


      1                     (    75-
76)



                                                        1



      2                                (       77)




      3                                        (        78)




      4


(         79-80)
5                          (       81)




           25
      6             (        82)



      7         (       83-84)




      8                                          (
85)




      9                                              (
86)




      10                             (         87)
3.
                                                             2


1.)
2.)


                                                     6
1.)               (The Theory of the Divine Right)




      Patriachal             Metaphysical                2


-     Patrichal       Sir Robert Filmer
Patriacha
                         Adam                        Adam
                      Adam
            25




-      Metaphysical        George Wilhelm Hegel
Hegel



            Hegel




2. )                   (Social Contract Theory)



                                  Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan
                             (a turbulent one)




(Omnipotent ruler)
                     Thomas Hobbes                 Stuart
Family




                           (Glorious Revolution)
3.)                      (Division of Labor Theory)



                                                                    The
Republic
(Plato)



4. )               ( Instinctive Theory)
           25




                  (Primitive)




5.)             (Economic Theory)
                                                      (Karl Marx)


                                ( Means of Production )
( The state exists to protect the rich against the poor )



6.)                     (Force Theory)
                                                             3
1.)                                                         (Roman Empire)



               (Marx)




2.)                                                19



3.)                                           (Political Anthropologist)




                                 (Normadic Pastoral people)
                                    (Emergence of the Modern State)
                                     (Nation State )


                                5
1.        (City - State)
                                              10,000             1
25




       (Consensus)




                       (Alexander)    (Macedon)
        356-323


2. )               (Ancient Empire)



                          100,000




(Autocratic
government)




       . .
476
3. )          :        (The middle Ages : Feudalism)
                          5               15




                                                       (A body of
Private Institution)
                                10 – 11




              25
(Anarchy)



                                 (Bourgeoisie)




4.)   (Dynastic State)




          (              )         (Public Law)
5.)      (Nation - State)




       Glorious Revolution           . . 1688
                                           (French
Revolution)         . . 1789


                               . . 1859 – 1871


                    -                                1




               25




              (Nationalism)
.
4.
              (Sovereignty)



              (Sovereignty)           Superanus


(Supreme)




         (Jean Bodin)



         (John
Locke)




                                                  4


1.)            (absoluteness)
2.)         (comprehensiveness)
3.)         (permanence)
4.)           (indivisibility)
1.)




      25




2.)
3.)




4.)




                                          5


1.            (Legal Sovereignty)
2.            (Political Sovereignty )
3.              ( De Facto Sovereignty)
4.          (De Jure Sovereignty )
      25
5.         (External Sovereignty)
1.)
(John Austin)




2.)




3.)                   (revolution)
              (coup
de tat)




                                     (de jure
government)
(de facto government)




         (recognition)




            25
4.)




5.)
1.)                               16




14
       “   ”




               . . 1789




2. )


                                  (Stoics)


                  (Cicero)


                             16    17
(John Locke)                         (Jean Jeaque Rousseau)




                       (parliamentary government)




        (initiative)                         (referendum)



        25
3.)


  19




                                                    (will)



4.)
(


         )




             __




     mmmmmmm3

     3


(Sovereignty)


1.
2.
3.                    (De Jure)   (De
Facto)
4.                    (Separation of Power)


                                         “    ”




“



                                        "
“             ”

        “ ”       ?
-36 -


                      . . 1997
1.   (absoluteness)




2.   (comprehensiveness)
?
-37 -




3.      (permanence)




                                 2
4.            (indivisibility)
2




                                              (indivisibility)


                  (separation of power)




                                                 2
          (                –                                     -)


              (                 –                                     -)




     ?
-38 -
1.                             (divine right theory)




         15       (Jean Bodin)
(   , 2518 :189)
1.




2.




3.




4.



5.




     2
?
-39 -
2.            (popular sovereign)




(social
contract)




1.




2.




3.
4.


5.




         ?
-40 -




1.              (legal sovereignty)




(John Austin)




Austin
2.              (political sovereignty)
3.        (de facto sovereignty)
                 2
.




.
                     4




     ?
-41 -



                                   de facto


4.       (de jure sovereignty)
2
.




                             de jure
.



                        de jure sovereignty
                             de jure Sovereignty



                                                    de jure
sovereignty


5.                           (external sovereignty)




              De Jure
     De Facto



          ?
-42 -
                            (separation of power)
separation of power




                 3




                      3
1.                  (presidential government)




                                                          3


                                3




                                       presidential government


(Montesquieu)                                            The Spirit of
Laws
                            “



(separation of power)




-43 -




                        3                                     ”
3




                                State of Union Address




2.   parliamentary government
?
-44 -
                 2




            5(       )




1.



2.


3.



                         __
Mmm4

    2


        (Sovereignty)




(       )
“   ”   (                 ,
        , 2552 )
                              (Sovereignty)




                      (Separation of Power )
                      (Montesquieu)
                                     (The Spirit of Law)




                                                    (          ,
2543,     15)




13



                   (Heywood, Online, 2009)
(Supremacy)




       “       ”



“
                   ”(                 , 2521,       1-4)




                                                    (           , 2530 ,
212)


                                                (
           , 2512,      15)
16
           “            ”         (                 , 2530 ,    212-213)


                   “          ”                     “            ”
(              , 2535,      131)




         2                                               (De Jure
Sovereignty)



                                (De Facto Sovereignty)



14




                              (Modern
State)                   (Nation State)




(Theory of
Sovereignty)
(           , 2543,
     16)
1.




                     3



(Supremacy of God)



                         (Supremacy of Pope)




           (Jesus
Christ)


                                               (Saint Peter)
15-16


                14




15
                                                      (The Supremacy of
King)
        “            ”           “            ”


(Sovereign)


                                     14


                 “Etat,c,est moi ” (I am the state)          “      ”




            (                              , 2541,    138)




1.              (Jean Bodin: . .1530-1596)
“              6
     ”




                       “   (Res Publica)”


                                “           (Puissance
Souveraine)”


(Perpe Tuelle)
           (Abaolue)
16




                        (Parlements)
                                     (
           , 2550 ,   30-31)




(Prelot)          “
                               (Indivisible)


                      (Nondeleguee)




                          (Perpetuelle)
(Supreme)




            ”




                                                        (
                ,          ,
2550)




        (                                      )
2.                  (Thomas Hobbes: . .1588-1677)




17
     (Leviathan . .1651                             1
                           )
Leviathan


                                    (Imperium Absolutum)




                                           (Etat Totallitaire) (                      ,
2550 ,           32)
3.                 (Puffendorf)
                         “De Jure Naturae et Gentium”                     . .1672


         7               1.                      , 2.                          , 3.


      , 4.                          , 5.                           , 6.
                       , 7.
             (            , 2544,          12)
4.               (John Locke: . .1632-1704)




                                                                              “Secone
Treaties of Civil
Government”              . .1690
18




                           3
     1.
          (            )


              , 2.


                , 3.
2.




          (Sovereignty belongs
to the
People)
(Jean Jaque Rousseau: . .1721-1778)   “The
Social Contract”
                   200


19




     “...



                          ...”
(              ,          , 2551)



                           (Civil Liberty)


     (Le Contrat Moral)


        2




20
(              -
     , 2550,       36)


1.


                         “                ”



“
                         ”(     , 2544,       14)
2.


                              (Mandat Imperatif)




3.
3.
                                                     Nation Sovereignty




                                                   . .1789


                                 (                 , 2533,               133)
                                     (Sieyes) . .1748-1836



“
21
       ...” (Essai Sur les Privileges)         . .1789       “                      ”
(Qu’est-ce que le
tiers Etat ?)


                            . .1789


(Convention)                                             1       3
                1


(                     ,
2550 ,          57)
                                       “   ”                         “          ”


“        ”
(                 ,
2533,      133)




                             -




     (Pouvoir Constituant)
(Pouvoir Constitue)
                             (Nation)




(Hierarchie)
(
           , 2550 ,   57-58)




22




                  (              , 2522,          15)



                                                               . .1789




                26          . .1789 (Declaration des Droits de I Homme
et du Citoye du 26
aout 1789)



                        3


“...


                                           ...”
3
“
                     ”(
     , 2540,   15)




23


1.
(Universal Suffrage)
2.




                               (Mandat Representatif)




3.




                (Montesquieu: . .1689-1755)                 The
spirit of Law


        6           11
                                                        3


1.
2.



3.
                           3


                                             3


(Puissance Legislative)


        (Puissance Xecutrice des Choses qui Dependent du Droit des
Gens)
24
                                                 (Puissanc Executrice
des Choses qui Depend
Dent du Droit Civil)




                               (Power
Stop Power)
3




    (   , 2530 ,   210-211)
25




“    ”
. .1787


               . .1791




26
(Check and Balance)




                (                ,          , 2551 )



                                                       (Parliamentary
Democracy)
             (Parliament)




                                     (Individualism)




“   ” (Legal State)     “   ” (Rule of Law)
27
                              2                       (Unicameral
Parliament)
     (Bicameral Parliament)




                          (           , 2544,   60)



                                  2



“                     ”
2




(L'institutionalisation du Pouvoir)




               (                        )




                          (Le Pouvoird'Etat)   ,
         ,     ,
28
(Le Pouvoir Constituant)


                                       (La Séparation des Pouvoirs)




                                                                  (Le
Pouvoir Constitué)


(        ,           ,
2544)


                           (absolute sovereignty)


             (               , 2546,      15)
1.                       (Absoluteness)




2.                             (Comprehensiveness)
3.   (Permanence)




4.            (Indivisibility)




29
Separation of Power
Separation of Functions


                                     3




         “




                                ”(
             , 2550,      65)
30




           (la monarchie
absolue)
(
     , 2550,   66)




                                    3


                     26   . .1789
“



               ”




31
3   (
     , 2542,   11)
1.




2.
3.




                               (Referendum)


               Initiative



32




                                     2
1.                                            (
     -
         ,   , 2551 )
                     . .2475


                                                  (Absulute
Monarchy)
(        )




                        (            , . . ., 2510,   79


, 2550 ,       177)




           (                     . .1871–1918)




                      (Constitutional Monarchy)
33




2.




“



               ”(   ,   , 2552)
                                  7


     . .2475




                        “             ”
(              )
                                  (        ,
         , 2551 )




34




    . .2475
                        . .2550       18


                    ?
“
(                                )



                 ”




    .


                                                      -
                         “                     ”                           “       ”


                                       .                                           1
        3
            2515             39-45 (                   ,         , 2551)
                     3                             . .2550
“



                                           ”




                                                                               3


“           ”(                                               )
(             )




1.                          “   ”



2.                     24           . .2475




35




24       . .2475
(           , 2550 ,      182)




“             ”




“                         ”




                  (           , 2550 ,       183)




    . .1807
36
                                             . .2500



 . .2517




 . .2517
 . .2518
                 . .
2535




                                      90



1.                     (   , 2546,     15)




                                 -



                            “Pouvoir Constituant”


                             (                    ,
2538 ,     15)
1.1




37


-                  4        . .1889
            2
-               . .1815
-                 . .1911
-     . .1931
1.2
                                                “   ”



“             ”




1.3




-                           . .1787                 13


                             4        . .1776
-                      . .1918


                       . .1917
-
    . .1791
                  16      . .1789
1.4
38




                 . .1845             . .1864


       . .1869




                           . .2489
                   . .
2502
1.5
                       2




                       4




                     . .2500               . .2506


                               . .1947


                        2
                                     (General
Douglas MacArthur)


39




                                                . .1889
(Meiji Constitution)


                                   25


(Whitney)                          6
. .1943
(                     . .1947)
                      . .1935 (                 . .1946)
2




40




                                            (
      , 2546,   15)
2.1




2.2
10   20




       . .
1944         . .1947        . .1957


2.3




2.4
41


 . .2491
               40     . .2502


                                . .2511


           2




 . .2534
                    211




                                      99
      2



                            10


                                1          76
76
8


                     8


                     7          23




      11        . .2540 (             , 2541,
15)




           (                     ,   , 2551 )
3.
                            2
3.1




                                                    . .1787


      . .1791
42
3.2
(       )



                   . .2540
( . . .)




               4
1.




2.




3.
4.


               __




         mmm




     1
4

1.




     -               -



2.




                 -

         -

         -




3.
4.




     2




1.




2.
“   ”   “       ”




“   ”   “   ”
“       ”       “       ”




                     “   ”       “       ”




“   ”            “                       ”




        /




            1.

            2.

            3.

            4.
5.          (Ecolutionary Theory)




                                (Recognition)

                     2

        1.                            (De Facto Recognition)




                                  1917-1933 (16 )

        2.                                      (De Jure Recognition)




                                  1917-1933 (16 )              De
Facto        1933     De Jure
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.




2
(    )




               (Manifesto)


                             3



         1.
( . .   . .)



         2.




         3.




         1.

         2.

         3.
1. Capitulation

2. Colonies

3. Satellite

4. Deterrence

5. Good Will/ Popularity




- Aristotle

-



-



-



-

-
-“            ”                    . . 1516
Bodin                                                      Pope

             - .16-17 Thomas Hobbes
                           1 Hobbes




             - Locke

             - Rousseau




             -



             -




        1.             (Absoluteness)




        2.                     (Universality)
3.        (Permanence)




4.        (Indivisibility)




     1.                          (Legal Sovereignty)




     2.                          (Political Sovereignty)


                      . ., . .
3.                        (De Jure Sovereignty)




4.                          (De Facto Sovereignty)




5.                      (Internal Sovereignty)




6.                       (External Sovereignty)




7.                             (Popular Sovereignty)




1.                                  .16




2.                                    .16-17



- Popular Sovereignty
3.




4.




1.            (Election)
                One Man, Ona Vote

2.             (Referendum)




3.   (Plebiscite)




4.                     (Initiative)




5.                           (Recall)
6.   (Public Opinion)




     7.   (Public Hearing)




     8.                      (Veto)




3




1.



2.




3.
(Authocracy)



                14

       (Oligarchy)


(                    )




         (Aristocracy)




    (Fascism)
(Communism)
(Autboritorianism)              (Totalitarianism)




 (Authocracy)        (Oligarchy)   (Aristocracy) (Fascism)
(Nazism)    (Communism)




           1.

           2.

           3.

           4.
5.

     1




     2
3
(Inner
Cabinet)




                 (Cabinet)




                 (H.M. Goverment)

           6.

           7.



           8.



           9.



           10.
1.

2.



3.




4.

5.



6.

7.




8.

9.    2

10.

11.
1.

2.




     4
4




        6




    (           )




            2
5
.,   .,   .,   1/3   3




3.



4. . .

5.



6.



7.



8.

9.
.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

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ความหมายของอำนาจอธิปไตย

  • 1. (Sovereignty) ( ) “ ” (Absoluteness) (permanence) (Comprehensiveness)
  • 2. (Indivisibility) - 3 (Sovereignty)
  • 3. 1. 2. 3. __ Mmm 2 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.
  • 4. Harold lasswell H. J. Laski ( government) (Subjects) (Supermacy) Woodrow Willson ( , 2548 ) 25 (State,C ountry,Govenment) ( )
  • 5. Natus (Birth) (Nation) (Nationality) (State) (Nation) (State) 4 1.) ( Population) (Andora) 5,000 (Vatican City) 1,000 (Plato) ( Free Citizen ) 5,040
  • 6. 3 ( ) (Slaves) (Aliens) 25 (Citizens) 2.) (Territory) 3
  • 7. (San Marino) 38 3,619,644 . 1971 (Patriotism) 3.) (Government) (administrative agencies)
  • 8. 25 4.) (Sovereignty and Independence) (Sovereignty) ( Independence) (outside States) (de jure) (de facto) 2. (Voluntary action)
  • 9. 2 (de facto) (de jure) Aristotle (Ethical) John Locke Aristotle (Commonwealth) 25 Adam Smith The
  • 10. Wealth of Nation 3 (public works) (The Function of the State) 3 1.) (Essential Function) - - - - - 2.) (Business Function) 3.) (Service Function) 2
  • 11. 1 Anarchism Individualism Socialism Socialism Communism Socialism 25 Communism 2 2 1.) (Democracy) Democracy 2 demos People Kretein to rule ( rule by people ) Popular sovereignty
  • 12. 2 1 2 ( . .1789) (Liberty, Equality and Fraternity) 3
  • 13. 2.) (dictatorship) 2 (authoritarianism) (Totalitarianism) 25 “ ” (Totalitarianism) ( ) (Presidium)
  • 14. . . 2550 (Essential Function) (Business Function) (Service Function) . . 2550 5 10 1 ( 75- 76) 1 2 ( 77) 3 ( 78) 4 ( 79-80)
  • 15. 5 ( 81) 25 6 ( 82) 7 ( 83-84) 8 ( 85) 9 ( 86) 10 ( 87)
  • 16. 3. 2 1.) 2.) 6 1.) (The Theory of the Divine Right) Patriachal Metaphysical 2 - Patrichal Sir Robert Filmer Patriacha Adam Adam Adam 25 - Metaphysical George Wilhelm Hegel
  • 17. Hegel Hegel 2. ) (Social Contract Theory) Thomas Hobbes Leviathan (a turbulent one) (Omnipotent ruler) Thomas Hobbes Stuart Family (Glorious Revolution)
  • 18. 3.) (Division of Labor Theory) The Republic (Plato) 4. ) ( Instinctive Theory) 25 (Primitive) 5.) (Economic Theory) (Karl Marx) ( Means of Production )
  • 19. ( The state exists to protect the rich against the poor ) 6.) (Force Theory) 3 1.) (Roman Empire) (Marx) 2.) 19 3.) (Political Anthropologist) (Normadic Pastoral people) (Emergence of the Modern State) (Nation State ) 5 1. (City - State) 10,000 1
  • 20. 25 (Consensus) (Alexander) (Macedon) 356-323 2. ) (Ancient Empire) 100,000 (Autocratic
  • 21. government) . . 476 3. ) : (The middle Ages : Feudalism) 5 15 (A body of Private Institution) 10 – 11 25
  • 22. (Anarchy) (Bourgeoisie) 4.) (Dynastic State) ( ) (Public Law)
  • 23. 5.) (Nation - State) Glorious Revolution . . 1688 (French Revolution) . . 1789 . . 1859 – 1871 - 1 25 (Nationalism)
  • 24. . 4. (Sovereignty) (Sovereignty) Superanus (Supreme) (Jean Bodin) (John Locke) 4 1.) (absoluteness) 2.) (comprehensiveness) 3.) (permanence) 4.) (indivisibility)
  • 25. 1.) 25 2.)
  • 26. 3.) 4.) 5 1. (Legal Sovereignty) 2. (Political Sovereignty ) 3. ( De Facto Sovereignty) 4. (De Jure Sovereignty ) 25 5. (External Sovereignty) 1.)
  • 27. (John Austin) 2.) 3.) (revolution) (coup de tat) (de jure government)
  • 28. (de facto government) (recognition) 25 4.) 5.)
  • 29. 1.) 16 14 “ ” . . 1789 2. ) (Stoics) (Cicero) 16 17
  • 30. (John Locke) (Jean Jeaque Rousseau) (parliamentary government) (initiative) (referendum) 25 3.) 19 (will) 4.)
  • 31. ( ) __ mmmmmmm3 3 (Sovereignty) 1. 2. 3. (De Jure) (De Facto)
  • 32. 4. (Separation of Power) “ ” “ " “ ” “ ” ? -36 - . . 1997
  • 33. 1. (absoluteness) 2. (comprehensiveness)
  • 34. ? -37 - 3. (permanence) 2 4. (indivisibility)
  • 35. 2 (indivisibility) (separation of power) 2 ( – -) ( – -) ? -38 - 1. (divine right theory) 15 (Jean Bodin)
  • 36. ( , 2518 :189) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2
  • 37. ? -39 - 2. (popular sovereign) (social contract) 1. 2. 3.
  • 38. 4. 5. ? -40 - 1. (legal sovereignty) (John Austin) Austin 2. (political sovereignty)
  • 39. 3. (de facto sovereignty) 2 . . 4 ? -41 - de facto 4. (de jure sovereignty)
  • 40. 2 . de jure . de jure sovereignty de jure Sovereignty de jure sovereignty 5. (external sovereignty) De Jure De Facto ? -42 - (separation of power)
  • 42. 1. (presidential government) 3 3 presidential government (Montesquieu) The Spirit of Laws “ (separation of power) -43 - 3 ”
  • 43. 3 State of Union Address 2. parliamentary government
  • 44. ? -44 - 2 5( ) 1. 2. 3. __
  • 45. Mmm4 2 (Sovereignty) ( )
  • 46. ” ( , , 2552 ) (Sovereignty) (Separation of Power ) (Montesquieu) (The Spirit of Law) ( , 2543, 15) 13 (Heywood, Online, 2009)
  • 47. (Supremacy) “ ” “ ”( , 2521, 1-4) ( , 2530 , 212) ( , 2512, 15) 16 “ ” ( , 2530 , 212-213) “ ” “ ”
  • 48. ( , 2535, 131) 2 (De Jure Sovereignty) (De Facto Sovereignty) 14 (Modern State) (Nation State) (Theory of Sovereignty)
  • 49. ( , 2543, 16) 1. 3 (Supremacy of God) (Supremacy of Pope) (Jesus Christ) (Saint Peter)
  • 50. 15-16 14 15 (The Supremacy of King) “ ” “ ” (Sovereign) 14 “Etat,c,est moi ” (I am the state) “ ” ( , 2541, 138) 1. (Jean Bodin: . .1530-1596)
  • 51. 6 ” “ (Res Publica)” “ (Puissance Souveraine)” (Perpe Tuelle) (Abaolue)
  • 52. 16 (Parlements) ( , 2550 , 30-31) (Prelot) “ (Indivisible) (Nondeleguee) (Perpetuelle)
  • 53. (Supreme) ” ( , , 2550) ( ) 2. (Thomas Hobbes: . .1588-1677) 17 (Leviathan . .1651 1 )
  • 54. Leviathan (Imperium Absolutum) (Etat Totallitaire) ( , 2550 , 32) 3. (Puffendorf) “De Jure Naturae et Gentium” . .1672 7 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. ( , 2544, 12) 4. (John Locke: . .1632-1704) “Secone Treaties of Civil Government” . .1690
  • 55. 18 3 1. ( ) , 2. , 3.
  • 56. 2. (Sovereignty belongs to the People)
  • 57. (Jean Jaque Rousseau: . .1721-1778) “The Social Contract” 200 19 “... ...”
  • 58. ( , , 2551) (Civil Liberty) (Le Contrat Moral) 2 20
  • 59. ( - , 2550, 36) 1. “ ” “ ”( , 2544, 14) 2. (Mandat Imperatif) 3.
  • 60. 3. Nation Sovereignty . .1789 ( , 2533, 133) (Sieyes) . .1748-1836 “ 21 ...” (Essai Sur les Privileges) . .1789 “ ” (Qu’est-ce que le tiers Etat ?) . .1789 (Convention) 1 3 1 ( , 2550 , 57) “ ” “ ” “ ”
  • 61. ( , 2533, 133) - (Pouvoir Constituant) (Pouvoir Constitue) (Nation) (Hierarchie)
  • 62. ( , 2550 , 57-58) 22 ( , 2522, 15) . .1789 26 . .1789 (Declaration des Droits de I Homme et du Citoye du 26 aout 1789) 3 “... ...”
  • 63. 3 “ ”( , 2540, 15) 23 1.
  • 64. (Universal Suffrage) 2. (Mandat Representatif) 3. (Montesquieu: . .1689-1755) The spirit of Law 6 11 3 1.
  • 65. 2. 3. 3 3 (Puissance Legislative) (Puissance Xecutrice des Choses qui Dependent du Droit des Gens) 24 (Puissanc Executrice des Choses qui Depend Dent du Droit Civil) (Power Stop Power)
  • 66. 3 ( , 2530 , 210-211)
  • 67. 25 “
  • 68. . .1787 . .1791 26
  • 69. (Check and Balance) ( , , 2551 ) (Parliamentary Democracy) (Parliament) (Individualism) “ ” (Legal State) “ ” (Rule of Law)
  • 70. 27 2 (Unicameral Parliament) (Bicameral Parliament) ( , 2544, 60) 2 “ ”
  • 71. 2 (L'institutionalisation du Pouvoir) ( ) (Le Pouvoird'Etat) , , ,
  • 72. 28 (Le Pouvoir Constituant) (La Séparation des Pouvoirs) (Le Pouvoir Constitué) ( , , 2544) (absolute sovereignty) ( , 2546, 15) 1. (Absoluteness) 2. (Comprehensiveness)
  • 73. 3. (Permanence) 4. (Indivisibility) 29
  • 74. Separation of Power Separation of Functions 3 “ ”( , 2550, 65)
  • 75. 30 (la monarchie absolue)
  • 76. ( , 2550, 66) 3 26 . .1789 “ ” 31
  • 77. 3 ( , 2542, 11) 1. 2.
  • 78. 3. (Referendum) Initiative 32 2 1. ( - , , 2551 ) . .2475 (Absulute Monarchy)
  • 79. ( ) ( , . . ., 2510, 79 , 2550 , 177) ( . .1871–1918) (Constitutional Monarchy)
  • 80. 33 2. “ ”( , , 2552) 7 . .2475 “ ”
  • 81. ( ) ( , , 2551 ) 34 . .2475 . .2550 18 ?
  • 82. “ ( ) ” . - “ ” “ ” . 1 3 2515 39-45 ( , , 2551) 3 . .2550 “ ” 3 “ ”( )
  • 83. ( ) 1. “ ” 2. 24 . .2475 35 24 . .2475
  • 84. ( , 2550 , 182) “ ” “ ” ( , 2550 , 183) . .1807
  • 85. 36 . .2500 . .2517 . .2517 . .2518 . . 2535 90 1. ( , 2546, 15) - “Pouvoir Constituant” ( , 2538 , 15)
  • 86. 1.1 37 - 4 . .1889 2 - . .1815 - . .1911 - . .1931
  • 87. 1.2 “ ” “ ” 1.3 - . .1787 13 4 . .1776 - . .1918 . .1917 - . .1791 16 . .1789
  • 88. 1.4 38 . .1845 . .1864 . .1869 . .2489 . . 2502
  • 89. 1.5 2 4 . .2500 . .2506 . .1947 2 (General Douglas MacArthur) 39 . .1889
  • 90. (Meiji Constitution) 25 (Whitney) 6
  • 91. . .1943 ( . .1947) . .1935 ( . .1946) 2 40 ( , 2546, 15) 2.1 2.2
  • 92. 10 20 . . 1944 . .1947 . .1957 2.3 2.4
  • 93. 41 . .2491 40 . .2502 . .2511 2 . .2534 211 99 2 10 1 76 76
  • 94. 8 8 7 23 11 . .2540 ( , 2541, 15) ( , , 2551 ) 3. 2 3.1 . .1787 . .1791 42 3.2
  • 95. ( ) . .2540 ( . . .) 4 1. 2. 3.
  • 96. 4. __ mmm 1
  • 97. 4 1. - - 2. - - - 3.
  • 98. 4. 2 1. 2.
  • 99. ” “ ” “ ” “ ”
  • 100. ” “ ” “ ” “ ” “ ” “ ” / 1. 2. 3. 4.
  • 101. 5. (Ecolutionary Theory) (Recognition) 2 1. (De Facto Recognition) 1917-1933 (16 ) 2. (De Jure Recognition) 1917-1933 (16 ) De Facto 1933 De Jure
  • 103. ( ) (Manifesto) 3 1. ( . . . .) 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.
  • 104. 1. Capitulation 2. Colonies 3. Satellite 4. Deterrence 5. Good Will/ Popularity - Aristotle - - - - -
  • 105. -“ ” . . 1516 Bodin Pope - .16-17 Thomas Hobbes 1 Hobbes - Locke - Rousseau - - 1. (Absoluteness) 2. (Universality)
  • 106. 3. (Permanence) 4. (Indivisibility) 1. (Legal Sovereignty) 2. (Political Sovereignty) . ., . .
  • 107. 3. (De Jure Sovereignty) 4. (De Facto Sovereignty) 5. (Internal Sovereignty) 6. (External Sovereignty) 7. (Popular Sovereignty) 1. .16 2. .16-17 - Popular Sovereignty
  • 108. 3. 4. 1. (Election) One Man, Ona Vote 2. (Referendum) 3. (Plebiscite) 4. (Initiative) 5. (Recall)
  • 109. 6. (Public Opinion) 7. (Public Hearing) 8. (Veto) 3 1. 2. 3.
  • 110. (Authocracy) 14 (Oligarchy) ( ) (Aristocracy) (Fascism)
  • 112. (Autboritorianism) (Totalitarianism) (Authocracy) (Oligarchy) (Aristocracy) (Fascism) (Nazism) (Communism) 1. 2. 3. 4.
  • 113. 5. 1 2
  • 114. 3
  • 115. (Inner Cabinet) (Cabinet) (H.M. Goverment) 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
  • 117. 1. 2. 4
  • 118. 4 6 ( ) 2
  • 119. 5
  • 120. ., ., ., 1/3 3 3. 4. . . 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.