So You Say You Want a Revolution? Bronx Lab School Global History 10 Unit 2

The Protestant Reformation Began by Martin Luther when he posted his 95 Theses in 1517, the Reformation resulted in the establishment of churches not under the Pope’s authority Catholic vs Protestant

Began by Martin Luther when he posted his 95 Theses in 1517, the Reformation resulted in the establishment of churches not under the Pope’s authority

Catholic vs Protestant

Where are we?

What was it like? In Europe, the Church has been unified since the first centuries A.D. Hierarchical structure, with Pope at top (then Cardinals, Bishops, Priests) Pope gets authority directly from God, therefore word of pope is like word of God (Infallibility)

In Europe, the Church has been unified since the first centuries A.D.

Hierarchical structure, with Pope at top (then Cardinals, Bishops, Priests)

Pope gets authority directly from God, therefore word of pope is like word of God (Infallibility)

Key Ideas Protestantism (Lutheran) Criticizes sale of indulgences Salvation through faith alone (Not faith and ‘good acts’) Church teachings based solely on Bible (Not Bible+Pope) All people of faith are equal (no hierarchy)

Protestantism (Lutheran)

Criticizes sale of indulgences

Salvation through faith alone (Not faith and ‘good acts’)

Church teachings based solely on Bible (Not Bible+Pope)

All people of faith are equal (no hierarchy)

Key Ideas Protestantism (Calvinism) Salvation is pre-determined (predestination) Who goes to heaven/hell is already set The few who are saved are ‘The Elect’ Ideal government is a ‘Theocracy’ (Government guided by religion)

Protestantism (Calvinism)

Salvation is pre-determined (predestination)

Who goes to heaven/hell is already set

The few who are saved are ‘The Elect’

Ideal government is a ‘Theocracy’ (Government guided by religion)

Key Ideas Printing Press and Spread of Ideas Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press in 1440’s (though invented 400 years earlier in China) Allows for spread of ideas Allows for Bible to be widely distributed

Printing Press and Spread of Ideas

Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press in 1440’s (though invented 400 years earlier in China)

Allows for spread of ideas

Allows for Bible to be widely distributed

Our Key Questions What is being created or investigated? What is the revolution or change?

What is being created or investigated?

What is the revolution or change?

What is being created or investigated? Created? New forms of religion Competition in Europe for believers Investigated Who has access to the truth

Created?

New forms of religion

Competition in Europe for believers

Investigated

Who has access to the truth

What is the revolution or change? Before: Europe united under one religion Religious wars between Christians and non-Christians No religious pressure to be able to read Bible only in Latin After: Europe divided between Catholics/Protestants Centuries of Religious warfare (Ireland today) Added focus on education to read the Bible Bible in all languages

Before:

Europe united under one religion

Religious wars between Christians and non-Christians

No religious pressure to be able to read

Bible only in Latin

After:

Europe divided between Catholics/Protestants

Centuries of Religious warfare (Ireland today)

Added focus on education to read the Bible

Bible in all languages

Key People Martin Luther John Calvin Johannes Gutenberg

Martin Luther

John Calvin

Johannes Gutenberg

Martin Luther What did he create/investigate? New form of Christianity For what change was he responsible? Bringing of Protestant Reformation

What did he create/investigate?

New form of Christianity

For what change was he responsible?

Bringing of Protestant Reformation

John Calvin What did he create/investigate? New Christian ideas For what change was he responsible? Calvinism - foundation of much American Religion

What did he create/investigate?

New Christian ideas

For what change was he responsible?

Calvinism - foundation of much American Religion

Johannes Gutenberg What did he create/investigate? The Printing Press using Movable Type For what change was he responsible? Mass spread of ideas Allowed for spread of Renaissance and Reformation ideas

What did he create/investigate?

The Printing Press using Movable Type

For what change was he responsible?

Mass spread of ideas

Allowed for spread of Renaissance and Reformation ideas