vision for an IoT open protocol
[ bicocca, 12th february 2009 ]
roberto ostinelli
roberto@widetag.com

<1>
vision for a IoT protocol

Questions?

IoT protocol | vision [1/5]
1. independant from media access
[...]
images: WikiPedia

IoT protocol | vision [2/5]
2. support for self configuring & dynamic p2p network
(eg. MANET - mesh networks)
images: WikiPedia

IoT protocol | vision [3/5]
3. service discovery [what & how]
sensor
display
light source
[...]
moveable parts microphone
images: WikiPedia

IoT protocol | vision [4/5]
4. device discovery [where, relative positioning]
device discovery
ex: multi screen displays
images: WikiPedia (left) and http://cunning.sharp.fm (right)

IoT protocol | vision [5/5]
5. communication [message, presence, commands,
encryption, signature,...]
ad hoc commands
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
just like instant messaging
encryption & digital signature
images: WikiPedia

Internet Protocol Suite | OSI [1/2]
# layer purpose example
software applications that implement a HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, FTP,
7 application
communicating component Telnet, DNS, NNTP, XMPP,...
establishes a context between Application XML, XDR, ASN.1, SMB,
6 presentation
Layer entities AFP,...
controls the dialogues/connections TLS, SSH, ISO 8327 / CCITT
5 session
(sessions) between computers X.225, RPC, NetBIOS, ASP,...
reliability (was the packet received?),
4 transport TCP, UDP, RTP, SCTP, ATP,...
ordering (correct sequence of packets)
getting packets across networks, from IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP,
3 network
source to destination (routing) CLNP, ARP, RARP,...
data link how packets are transported over the ethernet, wireless, token ring,
2 [network interface] physical layer PPP, DSL, ISDN, drivers,...
physical physical characteristics of communication
1 electricity, radio, laser,...
[hardware] [signal strength,...]
source: http://www.domainsarefree.com & WikiPedia

Internet Protocol Suite | OSI [1/2]
# layer purpose example
interacts with software applications that HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, FTP,
7 application
implement a communicating component Telnet, DNS, NNTP, XMPP,...
establishes a context between Application XML, XDR, ASN.1, SMB,
6 presentation
Layer entities AFP,...
controls the dialogues/connections TLS, SSH, ISO 8327 / CCITT
5 session
(sessions) between computers X.225, RPC, NetBIOS, ASP,...
reliability (was the packet received?),
4 transport TCP, UDP, RTP, SCTP, ATP,...
ordering (correct sequence of packets)
getting packets across networks, from IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP,
3 network
source to destination (routing) CLNP, ARP, RARP,...
data link how packets are transported over the ethernet, wireless, token ring,
2 [network interface] physical layer PPP, DSL, ISDN, drivers,...
physical physical characteristics of communication
1 electricity, radio, laser,...
[hardware] [signal strength,...]
source: http://www.domainsarefree.com & WikiPedia

Internet Protocol Suite [2/2]
# layer purpose example
interacts with software applications that HTTP, SMTP, SNMP, FTP,
4 application
implement a communicating component Telnet, DNS, NNTP, XMPP, ...
reliability (was the packet received?),
3 transport TCP, UDP, RTP, SCTP, ATP, ...
ordering (correct sequence of packets)
getting packets across networks, from IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP,
2 internet
source to destination (routing) IPsec, ...
ARP, RARP, tunnels, media
physical characteristics of communication
1 link access control (ethernet,
[signal strength,...]
DSL, ISDN,...), drivers, ...
source: WikiPedia

IPS & IoT protocol
IoT wish list # IPS layer
1. media access 4 application
2. p2p network
3 transport
3. service discovery
2 internet
4. device discovery
5. communication 1 link

IPS & IoT protocol
IoT wish list # IPS layer
1. media access 4 application
2. p2p network
3 transport
3. service discovery
2 internet
4. device discovery
5. communication 1 link

Internet of Things

</1>

<2>
OpenSpime

Intro | what is OpenSpime [1/3]
addresses only IoT protocol wish list #5:
communication
[message, presence, commands, encryption, signature,...]
this is just a beginning!
the IoT has far more implications!
The OpenSpime Protocol is
a custom XMPP extension

Intro | XMPP Advantages [2/3]
• fully distributed
• unique identity handling
• presence [online status]
• synchronous [event-driven] / asynchronous communication [data-polling]
• one-way [direct messaging] / two-way communications [request-response]
• XMPP servers are well-known robust applications [open source]
• message broadcasting [PubSub]
• XMPP extensions [file transfer, remote ad-hoc commands, service discovery,…]

Intro | Architecture [3/3]

Protocol | Overview [1/9]
an XMPP extension, which consists of:
• the core protocol itself, which is an XML container
• the core protocol extensions, i.e. a set of extensions which extend the
core protocol, and are already available to be used for a series of
functionalities.

Protocol | Overview [1/9]
an XMPP extension, which consists of:
• the core protocol itself, which is an XML container
• the core protocol extensions, i.e. a set of extensions which extend the
core protocol, and are already available to be used for a series of
functionalities.
XMPP Core Protocol Extensions
[message, iq, presence] [openspime] [datareporting,
spimeseek, ...]

Protocol | Core Protocol [2/9]
it’s a container which allows to:
• encrypt the content sent between two entities (end-to-end encryption)
• digitally sign the content sent between two entities
• claim the authority to perform operations in the name of another entity

Protocol | Core Protocol [3/9]
Core Protocol: OpenSpime XML container
<openspime xmlns='openspime:protocol:core' version='0.9'>
<originator cert='{cert-servid}' osid='{originator-osid}'>
<sign>...</sign>
<claimkey cert='{cert-servid}' claims='{claimed-osid}'>...</claimkey>
<...>
</originator>
<transport to='{recipient-osid}' content-type='{content-type}'
transport-key='{transport-key}'>
...
</transport>
</openspime>

Protocol | Core Protocol Extensions [4/9]
these allow:
• Data Reporting from an entity to another entity
• SpimeSeek, i.e. the process which allows to seek for entities' data across
the network
• Claiming, i.e. the mechanism which authorizes an entity of the
OpenSpime network to perform trustful operations in the name of
another entity which has allowed it

Protocol | Core Protocol Extensions [5/9]
Core Protocol Extension: ex: data reporting XML
<data xmlns='openspime:protocol:extension:data' version='0.9'>
<entry>
<date>...</date>
<exposure>...</exposure>
<lat>...</lat>
<lon>...</lon>
<ele unit='{unit-type}'>...</ele>
<.../>
</entry>
</data>

Protocol | Example[6/9]
ex: OpenSpime XML message for data reporting
<openspime xmlns='openspime:protocol:core' version='0.9'>
<originator cert='{cert-servid}' osid='{originator-osid}'>
<sign>...</sign>
<claimkey cert='{cert-servid}' claims='{claimed-osid}'>...</claimkey>
<...>
</originator>
<transport to='{recipient-osid}' content-type='{content-type}'
transport-key='{transport-key}'>
<data xmlns='openspime:protocol:extension:data' version='0.9'>
<entry>
<date>...</date>
<exposure>...</exposure>
<lat>...</lat>
<lon>...</lon>
<ele unit='{unit-type}'>...</ele>
<.../>
</entry>
</data>
</transport>
</openspime>

Protocol | Core Protocol Extensions [7/9]
data reporting architecture

Protocol | Custom Protocol Extensions [8/9]
the Core Protocol Extensions are just a start, and it is extremely
easy to build other Custom OpenSpime protocol extensions
which can be used for specific needs.
these custom extension would then immediately benefit from
all the encryption, digital signature and management rights
handling that come with the OpenSpime core protocol, and the
overall OpenSpime architecture based on XMPP.

Protocol | Advantages [9/9]
• Open Source, Open Protocol [3rd party integration, network extensibility]
• The Core Protocol takes care of encryption, digital signature and
management rights handling
• The Core Protocol Extensions allow already multiple functionalities: Data
Reporting, SpimeSeek, and Claiming
• The protocol can be easily extended with Custom Extensions

Protocol | Support
OpenSpime developer community openspime.org
pyOpenSpime library

</2>

roberto ostinelli
roberto@widetag.com