Copyright And Fair Use

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    Copyright And Fair Use - Presentation Transcript

    1. Copyright and Fair Use BEST PRACTICES for TEACHERS & STUDENTS Spiro Bolos New Trier High School boloss@newtrier.k12.il.us
    2. “We’re changing what it would mean to be a creator just at the time that technology is enabling anybody to be a creator. So, just when it matters most, the law steps in and destroys the opportunity...” — Prof. Lawrence Lessig
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    5. COORDINATORS
    6. • The Media Education Lab (Renee Hobbs, Temple University) • The Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property (Peter Jaszi, Washington College of Law: American University) • The Center for Social Media (Patricia Aufderheide, School of Communication: American University)
    7. SIGNATORIES
    8. • Action Coalition for Media Education • Media Education Foundation • National Association for Media Literacy Education • National Council of Teachers of English • Visual Communication Studies Division of the International Communication Association
    9. LEGAL ADVISORY BOARD
    10. • Jamie B. Bischoff • Robert W. Clarida • Kenneth D. Crews • Michael J. Madison • Jennifer Urban
    11. FUNDED BY: The MacArthur and Ford Foundations
    12. What is copyright?
    13. “To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries” (section 8).
    14. What is fair use?
    15. “Fair use is the right to use copyrighted material without permission or payment under some circumstances — especially when the cultural or social benefits of the use are predominant” (1; emphasis added).
    16. “In fact, as the Supreme Court has pointed out, fair use keeps copyright from violating the First Amendment” (5).
    17. The Four Factors 1. The Nature of the Use 2. The Nature of the Work Used 3. The Extent of the Use 4. Its Economic Impact (6)
    18. Professor Eric Faden, Bucknell University “A Fair(y) Use Tale”
    19. “...a flexibility that works to the advantage of users” (6).
    20. COMMON MYTHS
    21. “Fair use is too unclear and complicated for me; it’s better left to lawyers and administrators.”
    22. “Educators know best what they need to use of existing copyrighted culture to construct their own lessons and materials....Once they know, they can tell their lawyers and administrators” (15; emphasis added).
    23. “Educators can rely on ‘rules of thumb’ for fair use guidance.”
    24. “The guidelines are negotiated resolutions of conflicts regarding fair use, and yet they are often presented as standards to which one must adhere in order to remain within the law.” — Kenneth Crews “The Law of Fair Use and the Illusion of Fair-Use Guidelines”
    25. “...in fact the guidelines bear little relationship, if any, to the law of fair use” (emphasis added).
    26. these guidelines were "not intended to limit the types of copying permitted under the standards of fair use under judicial decision and which are stated in Section 107 of the Copyright Revision Bill. There may be instances in which copying which does not fall within the guidelines stated [above] may nonetheless be permitted under the criterion of fair use."
    27. “Rather than following a specific formula, lawyers and judges decide whether an unlicensed use of copyrighted material is ‘fair’ according to the ‘rule of reason’” (6; emphasis added).
    28. “School system rules are the last word of fair use by educators.”
    29. “[I]f you need to exercise your fair use rights to get your work done well, in ways your system’s rules don’t foresee...the code may help you change the rules!” (15)
    30. “Fair use is just for critiques, commentaries or parodies.”
    31. “Transformativeness, a key value in fair use law, can involve modifying material or putting material in a new context, or both” (15; emphasis added).
    32. “If I’m not making any money off it, it’s fair use.”
    33. “...some more public uses may be unfair even if no money is exchanged” (16; emphasis added).
    34. “Employing fair use is too much trouble; I don’t want to fill out any forms.”
    35. ...
    36. “But, if you choose, you may...still claim fair use if your request is refused or ignored. In some cases, courts have found that asking permission and then being rejected has actually enhanced fair use claims” (16).
    37. “Fair use could get me sued.”
    38. 1. “That’s very, very unlikely” (17) 2. “Cease and Desist” letter
    39. Case Studies Seeking Repurposing Angry Email Permission Google Images Response 4:49 5:49 5:04
    40. Best Practices 1. The use of the copyrighted work is transformative. 2. The kind and the amount of the copyrighted work used is appropriate to accomplish the legitimate purpose. 3. The author of the copyrighted work is cited, whenever possible.
    41. All forms of media
    42. print
    43. images
    44. web sites
    45. moving-image media
    46. sound media WNYC’s
    47. analog
    48. digital
    49. newspaper clippings = digital files
    50. However...
    51. “When a user’s copy was obtained illegally or in bad faith, that fact may affect fair use analysis.” (9)
    52. SOURCE = irrelevant
    53. Recorded over-the-air broadcast
    54. Personal copy of newspaper
    55. Personal DVD
    56. Rented media
    57. Borrowed media
    58. Labels = irrelevant
    59. eg., “licensed for home [or private or educational or noncommercial] use only”
    60. Thanks.
    61. www.mediaeducationlab.com www.centerforsocialmedia.org spirobolos.blogspot.com
    62. • Copyright Criminals: http:// www.copyrightcriminals.com • “Copyright and Fair Use Guidelines for Teachers”: http://www.halldavidson.net/ chartshort.html • Creative Commons Logos: http:// www.creativecommons.se/images/ highquality.jpg
    63. • Supreme Court: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/vgm8383/2044910536/ • U.S. Constitution: http://www.archives.gov/ exhibits/charters/charters_downloads.html • Courtroom Gavel: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/63126465@N00/117048243 • Flexibility: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ khalid-almasoud/474399662/
    64. • Robin Williams: http://images.starpulse.com/ Photos/Previews/Dead-Poets-Society-04.jpg • Edward James Olmos: http:// pantskicker.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2008/01/0standanddeliverbwcrop.jpg • Michelle Pfeiffer: http:// images.allmoviephoto.com/ 1995_Dangerous_Minds/ 1995_Dangerous_Minds_036.jpg
    65. • The Wire: http://www.hbo.com/thewire/img/ episodeguide/season04/ep38_04.jpg • Hilary Swank: http:// www.independentcritics.com/images/ freedom%20writers%20SPLASH.jpg • Kevin Kline: http://videodetective.com/ photos/633/026626_27.jpg
    66. • Jack Black: http://fraser.typepad.com/ a_girl_a_gun/images/ School_of_Rock_01.jpg • Kindergarten Cop: http:// i153.photobucket.com/albums/s229/ longjohnjohn05/arnold1.jpg • Crews, Kenneth: “The Law of Fair Use and the Illusion of Fair-Use Guidelines,” The Ohio State Law Journal 62 (2001): 602–700
    67. • Parthenon Detail Replica: http:// www.flickr.com/photos/brent_nashville/ 2455550267/ • “in y’own mix”: ∫pirøbølo∫, Copyright Criminals Contest. http://ccmixter.org/ copyrightcriminals/people/spirobolos • “The Next Step”: Trifonic, Copyright Criminals Contest. http://ccmixter.org/files/ trifonic/4163
    68. • Time Magazine (Obama cover): http:// www.flickr.com/photos/tonythemisfit/ 3142216126/sizes/l/ • Reel-to-reel: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ dmitry/531285082/ • “HITECH” photo: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/tsevis/2282944393/in/ set-72157608680934688
    69. • “Klutz Clippings”: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/tantrum_dan/2344581860/ • “VHS’sss”: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ 33917831@N00/1018612301/ • Newspaper article: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/44789431@N00/52308403/ • DVDs: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ 23327787@N08/2348565675/
    70. • Blockbuster Video: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/40736030@N00/51415142/ • Yo-Yo Ma: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ 21651009@N00/2606693331/ • Apollo 13 DVD: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/clith/153418933/ • Pirate: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ 83135223@N00/285200741/

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