Grid 2.0- Electricity2 0 Etech Primer.Key
by O'Reilly Media
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Tom Raftery and James Governor of Greenmonk (Redmonk's new "green" division) look at how smart grids can help solve energy issues. This is the slide deck used in the O'Reilly Webcast, presented live ...
Tom Raftery and James Governor of Greenmonk (Redmonk's new "green" division) look at how smart grids can help solve energy issues. This is the slide deck used in the O'Reilly Webcast, presented live on Feb. 19, 2009. Both speakers will appear at eTech 2009 in San Jose.
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Ken Yu
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Most country grids are isolated, i.e. not connected to other countries
Lots of Grids operated by hundreds of different companies - even within the US!
In the US about 200,000 miles of power lines are divided among 500 owners.
Big transmission upgrades often involve multiple companies, many state governments and numerous permits
Now with the requirement of adding renewables -
Supply is becoming variable and unpredictable
With supply and demand both variable comes increased instability - remember you can't store surplus and under-supply => brownouts or blackouts
We are moving from an era of: flexible electricity supply feeding inflexible but predictable demand
to one of :
inflexible supply.
We must therefore introduce some flexibility into our demand.
Buggy:
CA rolling brownouts
and
East Coast \"cascading failure\"
To name just two!
Buggy:
CA rolling brownouts
and
East Coast \"cascading failure\"
To name just two!
Buggy:
CA rolling brownouts
and
East Coast \"cascading failure\"
To name just two!
At the time this screenshot was taken wind was producing 5gW (or 17.4% of demand).
In January 2008 there was 15.1gW of installed wind energy facilities in Spain.
The govt has committed to increasing this to 20gW by 2010.
In contrast there is currently 400mw of solar plant installed in Spain
Source - Red Eléctrica de España (ree.es)
Wind typically blows strongest overnight when energy demand is lowest
Source - Eirgrid.ie
Or from 0% of demand to almost 50%
The yearly average was 6.5%
The Irish govt has committed to going to 30% by 2020.
At that time the 50% figure above will have moved to 200%
Without storage, what do you do with surplus 3GW?
Source - Eirgrid.ie
Or from 0% of demand to almost 50%
The yearly average was 6.5%
The Irish govt has committed to going to 30% by 2020.
At that time the 50% figure above will have moved to 200%
Without storage, what do you do with surplus 3GW?
Source - Eirgrid.ie
May work as a storage mechanism for limited amounts of energy.
Large capital cost and requires certain geological structures (large caverns underground)
However large capital cost (€ billions)
Requires specific geological conditions (two lakes separated by about 400m height)
Amt of storage dictated by geography not by needs!
- in favour of fossil fuels!
Cheaper to shut down wind farms (no shut down and startup costs) and can be done quickly.
Approx 600 MW hours of energy was shed in this event.
A quick calculation says that about 100 tons of carbon dioxide could have been displaced by using that energy.
And the wind farms that were curtailed lost €40,000 in revenue for this one event.
This
Work is already underway on a scaled down version of this just encompassing EMEA
The Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC) was founded in 2003 by The Club of Rome, the Hamburg Climate Protection Foundation and the National Energy Research Center of Jordan (NERC).
TREC, together with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) has developed the DESERTEC Concept and completed the necessary research.
TREC is now making this concept a reality in cooperation with people in politics, industry and the world of finance.
If there is no wind blowing in Ireland/UK, import geothermal from Iceland and/or solar from North Africa
Real-time dynamic pricing based solely on supply and demand
In times of heavy supply and light demand electricity v cheap or negative to stimulate demand. Avoids curtailment of renewables.
Stimulates usage by unlikely energy stores (swimming pools, refrigeration plants, PHEVs)
When demand heavy and supply light - electricity expensive.
DCs go on diesel generators/battery, refrigeration plants, water heaters adjust thermostats, AC adjusts thermostat
smart meters capable of taking real-time price info and acting on it connected to
Cisco in business and even at city level
smart home with smart appliances capable of acting on up/down or on/off instructions depending on varying pricing
Esp if they can sell power and/or demand side units to the grid - as Amory Lovins calls them NegaWatts
in a domestic situation, on receiving a high price signal, thermostats adjust accordingly to use less power.
Immersion thermostat drops a few degrees
Fridges compressors come on at a higher temp
Dishwashers, clothes washers, dryers warn owners of high price when set to wash/dry and offer to work later
By refrigeration plants to create ice/chill foods etc. when energy is cheap
By energy companies to create hydrogen (for burning to create clean energy when energy is expensive)
In a domestic situation storage heaters etc. can be charged up.
As can phones, laptops, etc.
Electric immersion, dish washer, washing machine, clothes dryer, can be programmed to come on at certain price points and/or times
If electricity goes negative in price you could end up being paid to use the power!
- thereby becoming a large distributed battery bank!
Hackability
Electricity is highly regulated, full of incumbent companies often with near monopolies and no will/incentive to change
Electricity 2.0 will only happen if it is legislated for!