2. - Pituitary gland- anterior & posterior
- anterior (adenohypophysis), posterior
(neurohypophysis)
- Anterior produce hormone and secrete into systemic
circ. It secretes follicular stimulating & luteinising
(gonadotropin), growth (somatotropins), prolactin,
thyroid stimulating (tyrotropin), adrenocorticotropic
(corticotropin)
- Posterior din produce. It release. Hypothalamus
produce oxytocin and vassopressin that secreted from
nerve axon into capillary bed, store in cells and
released by posterior pit gland into circ.
3. - Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) act on V2
R of distal tubules to reabsorp water, thus incr
total body water & decr urine vol
{if def of antidiuretic hormone, the v2 fail to
reabsorp water thus caue polyuria subsequently
polydipsia}
- Oxytocin cause contraction of uterine muscle
(labour) & initiate mechanism of breastfeeding
4. -hypopituitarism => low trophic hormone
(hormone from pituitary gland) > low target
hormone > subphysiological stimulate of
pituitary hormone (however it is suboptimal,
inappropriate or absent) > low target hormone
& normal or low trophic hormone
9. Ix
1. Basal test
-follicular stimulating, luteinising hormone, testosterone,
estradiol
-insulin-liked growth factor
-prolactin
-thyroid function test-thyroid stimulating hormone, free t4
-cortisol
-U&E (Na+ decr)
-Hb (normochromic normocytic)
10. 2. Dynamic test
-short Synacthen test
-insulin tolerance test
-arginine + growth hormone releasing test
- Glucagon stimulation test (alternative for
insulin tolerance test if failed)