@onlythoughtwork @drewenut

The city is indoors…but location matters! #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Motivation Location is the important information in Context Aware Computing. Augmented reality Internet of things Today, location for outdoor environments is provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS). However there is no appropriate solution for confined spaces yet. But 20 million sensor powered handsets were sold in 2008. And heavy passive RF-infrastructure in urban areas #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Location is the important information in Context Aware Computing.

Augmented reality

Internet of things

Today, location for outdoor environments is provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS).

However there is no appropriate solution for confined spaces yet.

But 20 million sensor powered handsets were sold in 2008.

And heavy passive RF-infrastructure in urban areas

Todays device sensors RF Frequency Wireless LAN‏ ‏ GSM Bluetooth GPS (RFID) Inertial Sensing Accelerometer Electric Compass Gyroscope Optical Camera (QR Codes) Quelle: market.android.com #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

RF Frequency

Wireless LAN‏

‏ GSM

Bluetooth

GPS

(RFID)

Inertial Sensing

Accelerometer

Electric Compass

Gyroscope

Optical

Camera (QR Codes)

Positioning System Quelle: IEEE Communications Magazine Feb 2002, Indoor Geolocation Science and Technology #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Marker Based Positioning QR Codes Scene analysis Patterns on floors, walls… Benefits High accuracy Drawbacks Static #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

QR Codes

Scene analysis

Patterns on floors, walls…

Benefits

High accuracy

Drawbacks

Static

Fingerprint Positioning Collect all environmental RF information one can get: WLAN GSM Bluetooth Orientation via electric compass Create a radio map for a set of marker points Estimate user position by matching a RF sample with the radio map #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Collect all environmental RF information one can get:

WLAN

GSM

Bluetooth

Orientation via electric compass

Create a radio map for a set of marker points

Estimate user position by matching a RF sample with the radio map

Fingerprint Positioning (2) Benefits Robust Passive (no infrastructure) ‏ Long term fading Positioning on site Drawbacks Lower accuracy Training phase Quelle: IEEE Communications Magazine Feb 2002, Indoor Geolocation Science and Technology #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Benefits

Robust

Passive (no infrastructure) ‏

Long term fading

Positioning on site

Drawbacks

Lower accuracy

Training phase

Triangulation via TOA Benefits High accuracy No training required Drawbacks Multipath fading Environmental infrastructure CPU-intensive Specialized hardware Positioning on server #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Benefits

High accuracy

No training required

Drawbacks

Multipath fading

Environmental infrastructure

CPU-intensive

Specialized hardware

Positioning on server

Multi-Path-Propagation #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Inertial Positioning Uses inertial sensors Accelerometer Gyroscope Compass (Magnetic field) Dead reckoning (DR) Process of estimating one's current position based upon a previously determined position Estimate position by speeds over elapsed time #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Uses inertial sensors

Accelerometer

Gyroscope

Compass (Magnetic field)

Dead reckoning (DR)

Process of estimating one's current position based upon a previously determined position

Estimate position by speeds over elapsed time

Inertial Navigation Set (IRBM S3) Quelle: wikipedia #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

6-axis Electronic Compass (G1) Quelle: http://www.phonewreck.com/wiki/index.php?title=Image:T-mobile_g1_main_pcb_2.jpg #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning Asahi Kasei Microsystems (AKM) AK8976A

Positioning via WLAN TOA based triangulation Received signal strength (RSS) measuring RSS values decrease with distance Create a radio map with recording fingerprints for a set of locations #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

TOA based triangulation

Received signal strength (RSS) measuring

RSS values decrease with distance

Create a radio map with recording fingerprints for a set of locations

Positioning via GSM RSS measuring Connected cell Neighboring cell BCHH channel #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

RSS measuring

Connected cell

Neighboring cell

BCHH channel

Positioning via Bluetooth RSS measurering Enviroment landmarks #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

RSS measurering

Enviroment landmarks

Positioning via Bluetooth (2) #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Smart Space Framework Sensor Fusion WLAN Bluetooth GSM Inertial sensors QR-Codes Touchscreen Auto adaptive Continous Learning Open Source #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Sensor Fusion

WLAN

Bluetooth

GSM

Inertial sensors

QR-Codes

Touchscreen

Auto adaptive

Continous Learning

Open Source

Finite State Machine #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Use Cases Shopping center Product search CBR (Consumer Based Routing) IBR (Interest Based Routing) Museums Family quiz, navitainment Fairs i.e. CEBIT Car park, airport, subway, concert hall, sewerages Emergency evacuation and guidance service Fire, earthquake, terror attacks Context Aware Applications Call Routing Light Energy Saving #bcs2: Sensor-driven indoor positioning

Shopping center

Product search

CBR (Consumer Based Routing)

IBR (Interest Based Routing)

Museums

Family quiz, navitainment

Fairs

i.e. CEBIT

Car park, airport, subway, concert hall, sewerages

Emergency evacuation and guidance service

Fire, earthquake, terror attacks

Context Aware Applications

Call Routing

Light

Energy Saving