ÖNCEL AKADEMİ: SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS
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Seismology Measuring the Interior-4
![Solid Earth Geophysics Ali Oncel [email_address] Department of Earth Sciences KFUPM Today’s class: Seismology Measuring the Interior Reading: Fowler Chapter 4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture17-091219233233-phpapp01/85/ncel-akademi-solid-earth-geophysics-1-320.jpg)
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ÖNCEL AKADEMİ: SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS
- 1. Solid Earth Geophysics Ali Oncel [email_address] Department of Earth Sciences KFUPM Today’s class: Seismology Measuring the Interior Reading: Fowler Chapter 4
- 2. Earthquake Faults PP. 215-17 of Stein and Wysession, 2003
- 3. Earthquake Fault Parameters PP. 218 of Stein and Wysession, 2003
- 4. Directivity of Slip Motion PP. 219 of Stein and Wysession, 2003
- 5. Earthquake Focal Mechanisms PP. 226 of Stein and Wysession, 2003
- 9. what type of earthquake along what fault orientation is this? Ambiguity: • which is fault plane ? • which is auxiliary plane ? can be either: • right-lateral on EW fault • left-lateral on NS fault 2 Minutes
- 10. Thrust faults (b): focal mechanism same for both use geological setting to determine most reasonable shaded: compressional (a): W dipping fault (c): E dipping fault also Anderson’s theory : thrusts dip < 45° http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/plate/seismology.html
- 11. Normal faults shaded: compressional (a): W dipping fault (c): E dipping fault (b): focal mechanism same for both use geological setting to determine most reasonable
- 12. Beach Ball Representation of Typical Faults Fig. 4.2.14 of Stein and Wysession, 2003 Bolt, 1978
- 13. What type of faulting? A normal faulting mechanism. Which plane do you think is the fault plane ? A reverse faulting mechanism. Which plane do you think is the fault plane ? Strike-slip faulting. Which strike?
- 14. Fournier and Petit, 2007, JSG www.lgs.jussieu.fr/tectonique/tectonique2/vie_du_labo/pdf/oblique_rifting_JSG_ 2007 .pdf
- 15. World Stress Map Different colors correspond to different methods of measurement maximum horizontal stress
- 16. Plotting Planes -1: Strike & Dip Fig. 4.2.10 of Stein and Wysession, 2003
- 17. To plot a plane striking N45E and dipping 60E, rotate the stereonet (or tracing paper above it) so that the strike is at the top and the dip can be measured along the equator. After plotting the appropriate meridian, rotate the net back to the geographic orientation with north at the top. Plotting Planes : Strike & Dip Strike = N45°E, Dip = 60°, Rake = 70° Fig. 4.2.11 of Stein and Wysession, 2003
- 18. WAVEFORM MODELING S&W 4.3-11
Editor's Notes
- PP. 218 of Stein and Wysession, 2003
- Cross section of reverse fault, earthquake focus and quadrants of compression and dilatation. First motions observed at the surface reveal patterns of compression and dilatation.
- Fig. 3. Same legend as Fig. 2 for the Sheba and Carlsberg ridges. OTF is Owen transform faults. Bathymetric contour interval is 500 m. Fig. 2. Bathymetric map ( Sandwell and Smith, 1997 ), shallow seismicity between 1964 and 1995 (focal depth <50 km; magnitude >2; Engdahl et al., 1998 ), and all available earthquake focal mechanisms (Harvard CMT for the period 1976–2000; Dziewonski et al., 1981 A.M. Dziewonski, T.A. Chou and J.H. Woodhouse, Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity, Journal of Geophysical Research 86 (1981), pp. 2825–2852. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (411) Dziewonski et al., 1981 ) for the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Inserted stereoplots are equal-area projections of the P and T axes of the extensional focal mechanisms and the mean direction of extension ( 1 ). The SWIR has been divided into two parts with different trends: the northeastern part between the Rodrigues triple junction and the Prince Edward-Marion-Andrew Bain fracture zone (PEMABFZ; Grindlay et al., 1998 ) trends N054°E ± 2°, and the southwestern part between PEMABFZ and 53°S, 14°E trends N105°E ± 2°. Bathymetric contour interval is 1000 m. Strike-slip focal mechanisms along fracture zones show the consistency between slip vector azimuths and directions of relative motion (solid arrows) calculated from plate motion
- The planes striking N-S on a stereonet. The meridians (curves going from top to the bottom) represent N-S striking planes with different dips.