GCSE Revision January OCR ‘A’ Short answers by section Followed by solutions YOU WILL NEED PAPER AND A PEN

Earthquakes and Volcanoes What T word is the science of studying earthquakes + volcanoes? Which Volcano exploded in 1980? Which earthquake moved in 1995? How do we measure the intensity of earthquakes? What is unusual about this scale?

What T word is the science of studying earthquakes + volcanoes?

Which Volcano exploded in 1980?

Which earthquake moved in 1995?

How do we measure the intensity of earthquakes?

What is unusual about this scale?

Vo + Eq cont. What are the four types of plate margins? Which one creates fold mountains? Which type is found off of the West coast of South America? Give an example of the boundary which produces the most earhtquakes Which case study of a plate margin is best to use in an examination and why?

What are the four types of plate margins?

Which one creates fold mountains?

Which type is found off of the West coast of South America?

Give an example of the boundary which produces the most earhtquakes

Which case study of a plate margin is best to use in an examination and why?

Vo + Eq ANSWERS Tectonics – must be spelt correctly Mt St Helens 18 th May 0833 Kobe, Japan 17 th January 0546 The Richter scale [or Mercalli scale] It is logarithmic [quite subjective] Convergent, Divergent, Transform {+ Collision,} Collision faults such as the Indo Australian plate Convergent San Andreas fault Nazca plate subducting the Andes – lots to write about

Tectonics – must be spelt correctly

Mt St Helens 18 th May 0833

Kobe, Japan 17 th January 0546

The Richter scale [or Mercalli scale]

It is logarithmic [quite subjective]

Convergent, Divergent, Transform {+ Collision,}

Collision faults such as the Indo Australian plate

Convergent

San Andreas fault

Nazca plate subducting the Andes – lots to write about

Rivers How does a drainage basin differ from a watershed? List four types of precipitation When water passes into the ground we call this – What do you call the difference between peak discharge and rainfall? A hydrograph with a short steep rising limb and high peak discharge will cause ……..

How does a drainage basin differ from a watershed?

List four types of precipitation

When water passes into the ground we call this –

What do you call the difference between peak discharge and rainfall?

A hydrograph with a short steep rising limb and high peak discharge will cause ……..

Rivers cont.

Rivers cont. What are the four types of river transport? Which bank on a bend is slowest and shallower? What is needed in the geology of an area for a waterfall to form? What happens to the abandoned meander when the meander neck breaks through? Give 5 flood facts to support your Case Study

What are the four types of river transport?

Which bank on a bend is slowest and shallower?

What is needed in the geology of an area for a waterfall to form?

What happens to the abandoned meander when the meander neck breaks through?

Give 5 flood facts to support your Case Study

Rivers ANSWERS Basin is the area drained, watershed the dividing line. Rain, snow, sleet, hail, dew + frost Infiltration Lag time Flooding Traction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution The inside A different resistance to erosion [rock is not soft] Stagnation, decay of plant material, gradual infill 1995 Rhine,

Basin is the area drained, watershed the dividing line.

Rain, snow, sleet, hail, dew + frost

Infiltration

Lag time

Flooding

Traction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution

The inside

A different resistance to erosion [rock is not soft]

Stagnation, decay of plant material, gradual infill

1995 Rhine,

Flooding River Rhine “ 5th January 1995 3x average rainfall for Switzerland 10.2M Sunday Cologne Sandbags – 8kg -> 12 kg wet 11,000 Estimate 10.65m high, 10.40 peak in afternoon Drains in cities choked Compact Soil, little veg. Arable farming Deforestation R. Maas in Well -> France, Belgium, Holland No Dykes so used sand bags Water rose, threatened the school Evacuated, 50,000 Dyke sacrificed to save green house Humans had reduced efficiency of storage areas Dykes and embankments reduce local flooding but reduced local flooding Flood surge takes 2 to 3 days, originally 5 days Dykes much cheaper

Flooding River Rhine

“ 5th January 1995

3x average rainfall for Switzerland

10.2M

Sunday Cologne

Sandbags – 8kg -> 12 kg wet 11,000

Estimate 10.65m high, 10.40 peak in afternoon

Drains in cities choked

Compact Soil, little veg. Arable farming

Deforestation

R. Maas in Well -> France, Belgium, Holland

No Dykes so used sand bags

Water rose, threatened the school

Evacuated, 50,000

Dyke sacrificed to save green house

Humans had reduced efficiency of storage areas

Dykes and embankments reduce local flooding but reduced local flooding

Flood surge takes 2 to 3 days, originally 5 days

Dykes much cheaper

Ophemart – Holland: tall dykes 50ha fertile farmland – 2 days after Cologne Tuesday afternoon evacuated 36 Hours – 500 cattle, maize + hay 3 tractors f hay, truck for maize, 9 Hours, arrived 2am Thursday morning 150,000 people evacuated Dykes held so only 4 days away Cost – transportation, refunded by government Calf hoofs – foot rot Less milk produced Cologne – by midnight level dropping Not just whole town Compensation difficult Financial [economic] Physical, Social - stress

Coasts What is the main process of transportation? Which two features/landforms are found at the bottom of cliffs? List five words to sum up the sequence which produced Old Harry Give an example of a spit, bar and tombolo Which management scheme is a) most expensive b) most attractive

What is the main process of transportation?

Which two features/landforms are found at the bottom of cliffs?

List five words to sum up the sequence which produced Old Harry

Give an example of a spit, bar and tombolo

Which management scheme is a) most expensive b) most attractive

Coasts ANSWERS Long Shore Drift Wave cut platform and notch Joint cave arch stack stump Spit – Dawlish Warren or Hurst Castle, Bar – Slapton Ley, Tombolo – Chesil Beach Promenade most expensive = sea wall Soft options are the most attractive. MULTIPLY BY 4 [60% = C] Identify mistakes, cross reference to text book and LEARN

Long Shore Drift

Wave cut platform and notch

Joint cave arch stack stump

Spit – Dawlish Warren or Hurst Castle, Bar – Slapton Ley, Tombolo – Chesil Beach

Promenade most expensive = sea wall

Soft options are the most attractive.

MULTIPLY BY 4 [60% = C]

Identify mistakes, cross reference to text book and LEARN