Copyright 101

Copyright 101
Copyrightand Plagiarism
dos and don’t

What we will cover
What is copyright
How to tell if something is copyright
What is plagiarism
When to cite, and when not to cite
Citation styles
How to incorporate others ideas into your writing

Definition of Copyright
Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States for original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, architectural, cartographic, choreographic, pantomimic, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, and audiovisual creations. “Copyright” literally means the right to copy. The term has come to mean that body of exclusive rights granted by law to authors for protection of their work. The owner of copyright has the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, and, in the case of certain works, publicly perform or display the work; to prepare derivative works; in the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission; or to license others to engage in the same acts under specific terms and conditions. Copyright protection does not extend to any idea, procedure, process, slogan, principle, or discovery.
US Copyright Office
http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1a.html

Definition take 2
A copyright is a law that gives the owner of a written document, musical composition, book, picture, or other creative work, the right to decide what other people can do with it.
Wikipedia
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright

Things that are copyrighted
Items published between 1923-now with a copyright notice, and has been renewed if needed
Items published without notice that are less than 95 years from publication date
Unpublished items where the author is still alive or dies less than 70 years ago
Unpublished anonymous works that are less than 120 years from creation date
Don’t worry, there is more. Check specifics here: http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm

Things that are not copyrighted
Unpublished works who’s authors died 70+ years ago
Anonymous unpublished works created 120+ years ago
Items published before 1923 (there are exceptions)
Items published before 1977 without copyright notice
Items published before 1989 without notice or registration
Works published by the an officer or employee of the US government as part of their official duties
There are always exceptions and special cases, check at http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm

When can you use copyrighted materials?
When you get permission
When it falls under Fair Use
When the Creative Commons License allows
When it is in the public domain (i.e. no longer covered under copyright laws)
When use is covered under the TEACH act of 2001
As usual, exceptions apply

Fair Use
Fair use is a copyright principle based on the belief that the public is entitled to freely use portions of copyrighted materials for purposes of commentary and criticism – including in educational situations
Unfortunately, if the copyright owner disagrees with your fair use interpretation, the dispute will have to be resolved by courts or arbitration.
http://fairuse.stanford.edu/

Creative Commons
Creative Commons is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others, consistent with the rules of copyright.
Attribution, Share Alike, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works
Search for creative commons materials: http://search.creativecommons.org/
http://creativecommons.org/

Public Domain
A creative work is said to be in the public domain if there are no laws which restrict its use by the public at large. (http://www.public-domain-image.com/public_domain/public_domain.html)
Search for items in the public domain: http://www.google.com/cse/home?cx=010475139252798918668%3Ap04xreki1j4
Get public domain books: http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page

TEACH Act of 2001
the TEACH Act serves as an extension of existing copyright laws. The TEACH Act covers additional situations that may occur in the digital environment but not in the face-to-face classroom.
The TEACH Act: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED456838&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED456838

Some resources on copyright
Copyright.gov: http://www.copyright.gov/
Copyright terms and conditions grid: http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm
Copyright crash course: http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/cprtindx.htm
Copyright and Fair use: http://fairuse.stanford.edu/
Creative Commons: http://creativecommons.org/
Public Domain search: http://www.google.com/cse/home?cx=010475139252798918668%3Ap04xreki1j4
TEACH act FAQ: http://tlt.its.psu.edu/dmd/teachact/teachactFAQ.html
Getting Permission: http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/IntellectualProperty/permissn.htm

Plagiarism

Definition of Plagiarism
the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work.
something used and represented in this manner.
http://dictionary.reference.com

If you use text and ideas from any of the following without citing it is plagiarism
Articles
Books
Tests
Lectures
White papers
Your friend’s papers
Famous quotes
Non famous quotes
Patents
Web pages
Wikipedia
Newsletters
Newspapers
Blogs
Or, anything you did not come up with on your own

So, what don’t I have to cite?
Common Knowledge
Original ideas

What is common knowledge?
something widely or generally known (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/common+knowledge)
Varies by cultural background and personal history
Examples: current president, date of a holiday
Rule of thumb: if you are unsure, cite it.

Original ideas
Invention and processes you came up with on your own
Reporting on empirical research
Fiction you came up with

Ways to incorporate ideas into your own papers
Paraphrase
Short quotes
Statistics incorporated into your own words
Report on a paper

Common elements of citations
Author(s) name(s)
Title of book/journal/website
Article title
Page numbers
Volume/ issue/ page numbers
URL/ database name

Modern Language Association (MLA)
Example of in text:
Frederick Lane reports that employers do not necessarily have to use software to monitor how their employees use the Web: employers can “use a hidden video camera pointed at an employee’s monitor” and even position a camera ”so that a number of monitors [can] be viewed at the same time” (147).
Example of works cited:
Trilling, Lionel. The Liberal Imagination. 1950. Introd. Louis Menand. New York: New York Review of Books, 2008. Print.

American Psychological Society (APA)
In text example:
Obesity puts children at risk for a number of medical complications, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and orthopedic problems (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2004, p. 1).
Works cited example:
Mulvaney, S. A., Mudasiru, E., Schlundt, D. G., Baughman, C. L., Fleming, M., VanderWoude, A., . . . Rothman, R. (2008). Self-management in Type 2 diabetes: The adolescent perspective. The Diabetes Educator, 34, 118-127.

Chicago Style
In Text:
A Union soldier, Jacob Thompson, claimed to have seen Forrest order the killing, but when asked to describe the six-foot-two “a little bit of a man.”12
Foot note:
12. Brian Steel Wills, A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 187.
Bibliography:
Wills, Brian Steel. A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.

Vancouver style
In text:
Recommendations based on inadequate evidence often require reversal when sufficient data become available, (John Doe, April 1, 2002) while timely implementation of recommendations based on strong evidence can save lives.(3)
References page:
Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6.

Lets write a paragraph incorporating other people’s ideas…

Some ways to keep track
Zotero.com
http://www.webcitation.org/
Refworks and Endnote (both cost)
Many databases such as ebscohost (academic search premier) will give you properly formatted citations

Citations Guides I like
Research and documentation online 5th edition (MLA, APA, Chicago, CSE) http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/
References according to the Vancouver style http://www.michener.ca/lrc/lrcvanco.php
IEEE standards style manual http://standards.ieee.org/guides/style/
The OIT guides http://www.oit.edu/libraries/help/citing

Questions?

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