epilepsy and status epilepticus for undergraduate.pptx
Common ailments of the respiratory system
1. COMMON AILMENTS OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1.1. Common Cold, Influenza or FluCommon Cold, Influenza or Flu ––
This is characterized byThis is characterized by
sneezing, runny nose, sore throat.sneezing, runny nose, sore throat.
Sometimes fever, headache andSometimes fever, headache and
body pains may be felt by personbody pains may be felt by person
sick influenza.sick influenza.
2.
3. 2.2. AsthmaAsthma
These diseases are suffered byThese diseases are suffered by
people who are over sensitivepeople who are over sensitive
pollen, dust particles and otherpollen, dust particles and other
pollutants. A person with asthmapollutants. A person with asthma
has difficulty in breathing.has difficulty in breathing.
Sometimes, he coughs and wheezesSometimes, he coughs and wheezes
when he breaths out.when he breaths out.
4.
5.
6. 3. Sinusitis is inflammation of the
paranasal sinuses, which may be due to
infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues.
Most cases are due to a viral infection and
resolve over the course of 10 days.
4. Whooping cough (pertussis) is an infection
of the respiratory system caused by the
bacterium Bordetella pertussis (or B.
pertussis). It's characterized by severe
coughing spells, which can sometimes end
in a "whooping" sound when the person
breathes in.
7.
8.
9. It mainly affects infants younger than
6 months old before they're adequately
protected by immunizations, and kids 11
to 18 years old whose immunity has
started to fade.
5. Rhinitis ( /ra na t sɪˈ ɪ ɪ /) is a medical term
for irritation and inflammation of the
mucous membrane inside the nose.
Common symptoms of rhinitis are a
stuffy nose, runny nose, and
post-nasal drip.
10.
11.
12. The most common kind of rhinitis is
allergic rhinitis, which is usually triggered by
airborne allergens such as pollen and dander
. The most common kind of rhinitis is
allergic rhinitis, which is usually triggered by
airborne allergens such as pollen and dander
. Allergic rhinitis may cause additional
symptoms, such as sneezing and nasal
itching, coughing, headache, fatigue,malaise,
and cognitive impairment. The allergens may
also affect the eyes, causing watery,
reddened or itchy eyes and puffiness around
the eyes.
13. 6. Bronchitis is inflammation of the
mucous membranes of the bronchi, the
airways that carry airflow from the trachea
into the lungs. Bronchitis can be divided into
two categories, acute and chronic, each of
which has distinct etiologies, pathologies,
and therapies.
a. Acute bronchitis is characterized by the
development of a cough, with or without the
production of sputum, mucus that is
expectorated (coughed up) from the
respiratory tract.
14.
15. Acute bronchitis often occurs during the course
of an acute viral illness such as the common cold
or influenza. Virusescause about 90% of cases
of acute bronchitis, whereas bacteria account
for fewer than 10%.
b. Chronic bronchitis, a type of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is
characterized by the presence of a productive
cough that lasts for three months or more per
year for at least two years. Chronic bronchitis
most often develops due to recurrent injury to
the airways caused by inhaled irritants.
Cigarette smoking is the most common cause,
followed by air pollution and occupational
exposure to irritants.
16. 7. Pharyngitis ( /fær n d a t sɨ ˈ ʒ ɪ ɨ /)
comes from the Greekword pharynx
meaning throat and the suffix
-itis meaning inflammation. It is an
inflammation of the throat. In most
cases it is quite painful, and is the
most common cause of a sore throat.
17.
18. Like many types of inflammation,
pharyngitis can be acute –
characterized by a rapid onset and
typically a relatively short course – or
chronic. Pharyngitis can result in very
large tonsils which cause trouble
swallowing and breathing.
Pharyngitis can be accompanied by
a cough or fever, for example, if
caused by a systemic infection.
19.
20. 8. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. It affects the
lower respiratory tract. This includes small bronchi
(airways) and air sacs in the lungs.
Causes of Pneumonia
There are three main causes:
Bacterial pneumonia caused by bacteria, most
commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae
Viral pneumonia caused by a virus (responsible for half
of all pneumonias)
Atypical bacterial pneumonia often called "walking
pneumonia but can cause a more serious or
potentially fatal pneumonia; caused by:
– Mycoplasmahis
– Chlamydias
– Other tiny infectious agents that have traits of
both bacteria and viruses
