Crypto - A Fascinating History by Atul Kahate

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Cryptography – A Fascinating History Atul Kahate www.atulkahate.com / akahate@gmail.com

Three people can keep a secret if … … two of them are dead Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 3

Basic Principles Substitution Transposition Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 4

Persia Versus Greece (5th Century BC) Wooden tables – Scratch the lower part, write messages, cover with wax Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 5

Greeks and Waxing of Secret Messages Secret messages would be written as tattoos into the shaven heads of messengers Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 6

Steganography Steganos = Covered, graphein = writing in Greek Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 7

Julius Caesar (100 BC-44 BC) Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 8

Queen Mary of Scotland (1542-1587) and Queen Elizabeth I of England (1533-1603) Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 9

Early Chinese Methods Write messages on fine silk and put that in a tiny ball covered with wax – messenger would swallo it Write in invisible ink Cryptography Kryptos = Hidden in Greek Aim is not to hide the fact that there is a message, but the contents of a message Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 10

Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) – Painter, Composer, Poet, Philosopher, Author Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 11

Blaise de Vigenere (1523-1596) – French diplomat and cryptographer – See next slide Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 12

Vigenere Square Example 1. Draw a Vigenere square (previous slide) 2. Top row represents the plain text letter and columns indicate key – look for the cross-section 3. Replace it with the cipher text letter from the square based on the key Example: Message is divert troops and key is white then encryption would be: Key : w h i t e w Plaintext : d I v e r t Ciphertext : z p d x v p Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 13

Charles Babbage (1791-1871) – Broke Vigenere Cipher … Difference and Analytical Engines Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 14

Lovers and Newspapers Encrypted messages to each other via personal columns in the newspapers – called as agony columns Babbage along with his friend Charles Wheatstone Oxford student incident involving Wheatstone in The Times Newspapers were posted for free in those days – people would use pinpricks to secretly add messages Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 15

USA – Independence Struggle (1770s) Benjamin Church George Washington Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 16

Telegraph – More need for Secrecy! – Morse (1791-1872) and Wheatstone (1802-1875) Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 17

Wireless! – Galvini, Volta, Orsted, Faraday, Ampere, Henry, Maxwell, Lodge … Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 18

Wireless! – Hertz, Marconi Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 19

First World War 1917 – Germany, Planned attack on British naval base, Fear of attacking American ships by mistake, German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann planned to forge an alliance with Mexico to help recapture lost territory Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 20

The Famous Telegram Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 21

Enigma 1918 – Scherbius & Ritter - Company formed by German inventor Arthur Scherbius and his friend Richard Ritter Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 22

Hans-Thilo Schmidt (1888-1943) German soldier in The First World War, Rejected in the Second one, disgruntled, Soap factory failure, Hyperinflation, Elder brother Rudolph in Army authorized Enigma, Further anger, Sold Enigma papers for 10,000 Marks Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 23

Breaking Enigma in the Second World War – Marian Rejewski (1905-1980) Polish mathematician – Timid – Fled to England after Germany attacked Poland – 1932 – Started working on breaking Enigma Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 24

Bletchley Park – Alan Turing (1912-1954) Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 25

Navajo Code Talkers Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 26

DES – 1975 Horst Fiestel (1915-1990) and Lucifer Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 27

Public Key Cryptography - Whitfield Diffie (1944 -) and Martin Hellman (1945 -) With Merkel here Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 28

RSA Ron Rivest (1947 -), Adi Shamir (1952 -), and Len Adleman (1945 -) Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 29

Jim Bidzos Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 30

Secure Email – Phil Zimmerman Crypto - A Fascinating History | Atul Kahate 31

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Thank You Very Much! Any Questions or Comments? www.atulkahate.com / akahate@gmail.com

Crypto - A Fascinating History by Atul Kahate

by n|u - The Open Security Community on Jul 20, 2010

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Crypto - A Fascinating History by Atul Kahate — Presentation Transcript