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PORTFOLIO | GOPAL N.P.PROFESSIONAL WORKS

PORTFOLIO | CONTENTS VSA° INDUBHAI PAREKH SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, RAJKOT WELSH SCHOOL OF ARCH, CARDIFF UNIVERSITY AT ASHOK B. LALL ARCHITECTS, NEW DELHI VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE, SOUTH INDIA INDIAN INSTITTUE OF PUBLIC HEALTH, GANDHINAGARCOURSE : B. ARCH COURSE : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF BRAHMIN IYERS, DESIGN OF BUILDINGS LIVING CITY DESIGNREGIONAL INFORMATION KERALA COMPETITIONCENTER,RAJKOT AIM : To study the way of life of OFFICE BUILDING, AHMEDABAD INSTITUTE OF RURAL RESEARCHMAKING OF A CITY Brahmins in Nurani Village. To AND DEVELOPMENT, GURGAON understand the relation between RESEARCH & DESIGN PROJECTRELATED STUDY PROGRAMME the houses with the ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN EXPOSURE TO CONCEPTS IN - AT DWARKA, GUJARAT PROFESSIONAL WORKS environment and to study the generators of the house form. OTHER PROJECTS APPLICATION- INTEGRATION OF - AT JUNAGADH, GUJARAT SHADING DEVICE AND PV PROFESSIONAL WORKS ACADEMICS UNDERGRADUATE THESIS PROFESSIONAL WORKS ACADEMICS - MASTERS

REGIONAL INFORMATION CENTERREGIONAL INFORMATION CENTRE| RAJKOTDESIGN STUDIO – 5TH SEMESTER RAJKOT INDIA MODEL – THE ANCIENT BRITISH STRUCUTRE IN THE BACKDROP THE SITE MODEL ABOUT THE PROJECT : To upgrade the tourism potential & general awareness of Rajkot City in particular and the region in general. Respecting the old museum building & the parks & acknowledging the building tradition of the region, it is desired that the new building create a changed identity for Rajkot, as an economically and cultural hub of the region. RESPONSE TO CONTEXT RESPECT TO BRITISH MUSEUM USE OF LOCAL MATERIALS USE OF WOODEN FRAMES IN WINDOWS REFLECT THE BUILDING DESIGN INTENT : To capture the existing movement of the people in an informal manner. To MATERIAL OF THE BRITISH BUILDING respect the British Museum which is a force in the existing site. PROFESSIONAL WORKS PROCESSS MODELS AND FINAL DESIGN MODEL 1 ACADEMICS

MAKING OF A CITY, URBAN DESIGN MAKING OF A CITY – URBAN DESIGN| HYPOTHETICAL CITY DESIGN DESIGN STUDIO – 9TH SEMESTER ( GROUP PROJECT) ABOUT THE PROJECT : To DESIGN a hypothetical city with the help of 7 cities (Rome, Delhi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Paris, Venice and London). To explain strategies behind the city layout and develop spaces in the city, to develop road sections and design one of the spaces within a specified area.THE CITY PLAN & ZONING THE ONLY REMAINING PART OF THE FORT USED AS A BACKDROP FOR THE BUILDING THE HERITAGE PARK To design a heritage park on the riverbank. The concept was to use the fort wall as the back drop for display of various historical events which can be shown dramatically with the texture and height of the fort wall. SPACES WITHIN THE PROPOSED CITY 2 ACADEMICS

RELATED STUDY PROGRAMMERESEARCH, DOCUMENTATION & DESIGN DURING RELATED STUDY PROGRAM ATDWARKA,GUJARAT (SEM -4) AND AT JUNAGADH, GUJARAT (SEM-5) PROFESSIONAL WORKS 3 ACADEMICS

STUDY OF HOUSEFORMS OF BRAHMIN IYERS, KERALASTUDY OF BRAHMIN IYERS, NURANI | KERALA, INDIA STRUCTURE OF STUDYAIM : To study the way of life of Brahmins in Nurani Village. To ABOUT NURANI RELATIONSHIPSunderstand the relation between the houses with the -Building & contextenvironment and to study the generators of the house form. -Plan and Section GENERIC PATTERNS -Functional Areas -Spatial Organisation -Public, Semi-Public & Private Areas INDIA -Usage Patterns FRONT ELEVATION -Later additions if any NURANI is one of the 18 villages in ELEMENTS Palakkad. The village or the -Climatic Considerations agraharam has a total of 565 houses -Circulation VILLAGE in all. All the houses in the villages ENTRANCE -Structure NURANI MAP SHOWING SETTLEMENTS OF BRAHMINS IN PALAKKAD are around 300 years old. ISSUES -Privacy -Security HOUSE RELATIONSHIPS STREET PATTERN The form of these agraharams could be understood as a derivative of a grid SOME PECULIAR ELEMENTS SHIVA GANESH pattern, with the temple forming the TEMPLE main focus. There are narrow row houses TEMPLE on both the sides of the streets each sharing a common wall. CAR STREET VILLAGE TEMPLES SECRET STORE COURTYARD PASSAGE FOR LIGHT & RESTING SPACE VENTILATION ENTRANCE SACRED SPACE STORAGE YARD KITCHEN STREET THINNAI NADAI STAIRCASE MITTHAM SERVICES PROFESSIONAL WORKS TULSI MARAM WELL RENDAM KETTU BACKYARD SERVICE 4 UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

STUDY OF HOUSEFORMS OF BRAHMIN IYERS, KERALA SPACES AND SPATIAL ELEMENTS SPECIAL LOCKING SYSTEM Partitions placed at an inclined angle cuts NO METAL IS USED off the harsh sunlight entering the Koodam which is the main sacred space in the house. The Puja space resembles Although the internal structure is the entrance to the temple. SACRED SPACE complex, the external load bearing walls respond to the context and they share a common wall with the adjacent house. THE ENTRANCE DOOR & PUJA SPACESLOPING ROOFS RESPOND STORAGE SPACE SECTION THROUGH THE COURT THE CENTRAL COURT TIMBER LOADTO CLIMATE (PRTOECTION AGAINST BEARING STRUCTURE WINDOW CUM MOSITURE) BED INTERACTIVE ROOM ROOM SPACE TRANSITION SECURITY PUJA SPACE PASSAGE LIVING SPACE SERVICE AREAS COURT FUNCTIONAL AREAS FIRST PART SECOND PART 19 4 5 9 10 12 15 14 17 2 16 6 18 11 1 8 13 3 7 20 1. VASHAL 5. NILAVARA 9. PUJA SPACE 13. SERVICE 17. RENDAM KETTU A TYPICAL VILLAGE HOUSE 2. THINNAI 6. ARAI 10. KOODAM 14. TULASI MARAM 18. BACKYARD 3. PADDI 7. NADAI 11. MITTHAM 15. SERVICE 19. DRY LATRINE LEGEND 4. PATHAYAM 8. STAIRCASE 12. ADUKULAI 16. WELL 20. SERVICE LANE 5 UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

STUDY OF HOUSEFORMS OF BRAHMIN IYERS, KERALA THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM LOAD IS TRANSFERRED INA very complex structural system 5 TIERS ONTO THE LOAD BEARING WALLSwith external load bearing walls USE OF LOCALLYwith timber as the main spanning AVAILABLE CLAY TILEmaterial between the walls. TRADITIONAL SYSTEM OF COLUMN CAPITAL WOODEN BATTERNS JOISTS AND WOOD PANELS INTRICATELY CARVED CIRCULATION FASCIA The houses of Brahmins perfectly fits the law of linear CONSTRUCTION DETAIL organization with a clear demarcation of spaces as public, semi-public and private areas. CLIMATIC RESPONSE & SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES RAIN WATER FLOW RAIN WATER FLOW Use of charcoal & red oxide with cow dung to demarcate various spaces within the house. HOUSE 1 ROOF SYSTEM & THE BACKYARD FOR GROWING VEGETABLES FLOORING HOUSE 2 PASSAGE AS BUFFER The roof system was planned in such a way that, there were no gutters formed FOR PROTECTION anywhere in the house. The water collected in the central courtyard used to be diverted AGAINST HARSH SUN to the backyard for watering the vegetables and also for ground water recharge. WATER FLOWS TO THE BACKYARD AND IS USED FOR WATERING VEGETABLE BEDS 6 UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

STUDY OF HOUSEFORMS OF BRAHMIN IYERS, KERALA THE CHANGING PARADIGM CHANGING ATTITUDES – Openness to other cultures, new developments in technology, outward shift of the people. CULTURAL & SOCIAL – Joint families have turned nuclear families. Most of the villages are locked throughout the year. PRESENT DAY COURT TECHNOLOGICAL – The new technological developments have decreased the importance of elements such as tanks/wells, the central court. People have started renovating their houses with R.C.C. hence destroying the traditional look of the village. Major problems like seepage, improper ventilation are faced due to the changes in the construction system. ORIGINAL AREA OF THE COURT FRONT ELEVATION 3D VIEW SHOWING THE ALTERATION IN THE TRADITIONAL SPACES A MODIFIED HOUSE - The all important ‘thinnai’ (transitional & an active interactive space is compromised for security and privacy reasons.. Parking vehicles REMOVAL OF COURT is a common site in the village. VIEW OF THE ENCLOSED FRONT FACADE PRESENT DAY COURT REMOVAL OF CENTRAL COURT TO CONVERT THE SPACE INTO A LIVING ROOM. EFFECT – NO LIGHT & NO VENTILATION ADDITION OF TOILETS & BEDROOM BATHROOM CROSS SECTION KITCHENSPACE COMPOROMISEDFOR SECURITY VIEW OF THE LIVING SPACE LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH A MODIFIED HOUSE 7 UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

MEMBER OF THE DESIGN TEAM UNDER ASHOK B. LALL IIPH - INSTITUTE THE SITEINDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH| GANDHINAGAR, INDIATOTAL SITE AREA – 49 ACRES. BUILT UP AREA – 20,000 SQUARE METERS GANDHINAGAR INDIA 3D VIEWS – INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH, GANDHINAGAR ABOUT THE PROJECT : The design for the campus of the Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar seeks to promote an institutional culture of sharing and exchange of knowledge and experience and of systematic research and enquiry. ENERGY MANAGEMENT THE PLAN TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE UNIQUE NATURAL CHARACTER OF THE SITE, ITS TOPOGRAPHY, ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SABARMATI RIVER, AND ITS POTENTIAL OF A RICH AND DIVERSE ECOLOGY OF FLORA AND FAUNA, AND ITEGRATES THE INSTITTUES FACILITIES WITH THE LANDSCAPE. - Energy Efficient Design - Passive Cooling Minimizing the CO2 emissions in Minimizing embodied energy in - Daylighting construction and building operation. building materials and construction - Insulated Building Skin - Use of local/low Protecting and regenerating the embodied Energy ecology of the site Materials Minimizing operational energy for - Use of Local Protecting air, water and ground lighting , water heating , ventilation pollution and ecological damage of and thermal comfort. Technology site and beyond Thermal comfort ANALYSIS - Minimize air conditioning demand FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BUILDABLE AREAS ON SITE Lighting - All work spaces day lit. To reduce cut and fill & minimeze disturbance to - Fluorescent lights the natural topography, areas with slopes > 15% are to be avoided. ECONOMIC SOLUTIONS FOR INTERNAL TEMPERATURE CONTROL 8 PROFESSIONAL WORKS

MEMBER OF THE DESIGN TEAM UNDER ASHOK B. LALL IIPH - INSTITUTE PASSIVE TEMPERATURE CONTROL MATERIALS Low Cost, Energy construction. HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS Limiting minimum use of steel The hollow blocks are commonly used due to its cheaper cost, quick processing of work etc. . Hollow blocks construction provides facilities for concealing electrical conduit, water and soil pipes etc. It Local Material use saves cement in masonry work, bringing down cost of construction Shading devices very considerably. Local Techniques integrated into employed building elevation . FLOORING MATERIAL design. RESOURCE EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTION The use of locally available Baroda Tailored to site, MATERIALITY Green and Kota Buildings An enjoyed aesthetic based Stone for most of integrated with on local low embodied energy the flooring environment materials. . BARODA GREEN KOTA STONE HOLLOW BLOCKS OPEN SPACE Erosion Control As extension of the built LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE TO MINIMISE THE QUANTITY OF STEEL USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS. Strategy space – comfortable and habitable. SHADING DEVICE WITH TRANSPARENCY IN SHADING DEVICES. PLACEMENT BAMBOO CHICS ACCORING TO THE LOCATION OF WINDOWS Water NATURAL ELEMENTS COVERED PATHWAY Management A ritual recognition and SMALL WINDOWS IN THE symbolic presence of Nature WEST IN LIBRARY & Seasons. COMFORT Planting Strategy Accepting adjustment and rehabilitating variation within limits as an local habitat energising principle TECHNOLOGIES MINIMAL SITE DISTURBANCE Supporting local enterprise and knowledge for social development. . THE LAWN LOOKING TOWARDS THE RIVER THE DINING/LIBRARY BUILDING One of the four buildings in the large IIPH Campus at Gandhingar, this building houses the Dining Centre for the students on the lower floors and the Library on the top floor.SURFACE FINISH . 9 PROFESSIONAL WORKS

AWARD WINNING ENTRY AT THE INTERNATIONAL LIVING CITY DESIGN COMPETITION LIVING CITY DESIGN COMPETITION CUL DE SAC SHARED PARKING LOTS ABOUT THE PROJECT : It is a competition hosted by The International Living Building Institute℠, in partnership with the National Trust for Historic Preservation, to create a new global vision: a breath- taking, compelling model for the future of civilization. It also focuses on the best Example of the city of the future that gracefully preserves and respects the historic context of its community and the existing built fabric in 2010. INTENTION : To promote social and economic justice, restoring BAOLI – DEMOCRATIC Environmental health and a renewed engagement SHARED OPEN SPACES With nature.MULTILEVEL PARKING LOT CUM RETAIL SPACE PV TreeUse of solar trees as integral part of the structure DELHI SOLAR FOOD COURT SITEBOWLI – RAIN WATER HARVESTING CHAMBER LANDSCAPING ALONG WATER BODY Community Gathering Spaces (Festivals) Vegetated Open Space, Inviting Migratory Birds (Nature) & source of water. 10 PROFESSIONAL WORKS

AWARD WINNING ENTRY AT THE INTERNATIONAL LIVING CITY DESIGN COMPETITION LIVING CITY DESIGN COMPETITION MARKET STREET REJUVINATING THE OPEN MARKETTake away the cars and you have a market The trees shelter the open stalls and MALVIYA NAGAR TYPOLOGY HOUSINGvendors. The road goes back to the nature in the form of agricultural land. Along the main edge streets mixed developmentMALVIYA NAGAR, MARKET: replaces low density housing. Street face gains wide shaded sidewalks. Residences from garden courts with terraces and balconies overlook them. Roofs have PV and rain water collectors. 3D- VIEW THE BUILDING YARD: MALVIYA NAGAR, IMPROVED HOMES Remove Cars and restore the playground. Find space for growing food. Regeneration of buildings produces Introduce courts construction waste and debris, with rain catcher reconstruction uses with resource. roofs. NEW HOUSES FOR SLUM DWELLERS The center is state provided for production workshops and waste recycling incorporating residence for workers. LOW INCOME HOUSINGCLUSTER PLAN KHIRKEE VILLAGE EXISTING PROPOSED MODIFIED 11 PROFESSIONAL WORKS

TRAINEE IN PHASE 1. MEMBER OF DESIGN TEAM IN PHASE 2 UNDER ASHOK B. LALL IRRAD - INSTITUTIONINSTITUTE OF RURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | GURGAON, INDIA RAMPTOTAL SITE AREA – 5112 SQ. MTS.PHASE 1 – COMPLETED & PHASE 2 – IN ADVANCED STAGE OF CONSTUCTION RECEPTION PHASE - 2 GURGAON GARDEN ON OFFICE SPACE BASEMENT ROOF INDIA PHASE - 1 5 GUEST HOUSE IRRAD – PH 1. AWARDED THE LEED PLATINUM RATING IN 2009 ABOUT THE PROJECT : IRRAD is an initiative of Sehgal Foundation, to further the well being of rural communities in India. IRRAD leads by example, putting the latest knowledge into use. Its a smart mix of simplicity in design and environment friendly sustainable green features. The appearance and the aesthetic quality of the building is derived from the principles of sustainable design – the use of natural materials, minimal use of glass and shading devices. 5 SITE PLAN SHADING FOR TERRACE SHADING DEVICE PROPOSED PERSPECTIVE VIEW - PHASE 2 LOW FLOOR INSULATION + TO STONE FLOOR CLADDING GARDEN HEIGHT One enters the building through an open to sky court(3), a feature that is prevalent in most traditional building forms in India. The entrance court houses a water body, and around it there are spaces for interaction which is extended to the floor above(2) PARKING The covered walkway that leads from the office building to the guest house flanks the cafeteria – becoming an extension of the cafeteria while connecting the two buildings.(6) RAINWATER HARVESTING TANK SECTION SHOWING SOME OF THE STRATEGIES USED FOR PHASE - 2 12 PROFESSIONAL WORKS

TRAINEE IN PHASE 1. MEMBER OF DESIGN TEAM IN PHASE 2 UNDER ASHOK B. LALL IRRAD - INSTITUTIONPROPOSED PERSPECTIVE VIEW – PHASE 2 IRRAD WALL SECTION PHASE 2 - Insulated Building HIGHLIY REFLECTIVE CHINA - Shading devices MOSAIC FINISH OVER BRICK BAT RADIANT SLAB AND 50 MM PUF INSULATION - Emphasis on Daylighting COOLING - Reflective roof finish - Radiant Cooling Slab THERMAL BREAK IN EXPOSED CONCRETE NIB - Local Materials - Re-used materials SHADING DEVICE - Wood from certified forests - Zero run off at site - Water waste recycling DE HUMIFIED FRESH AIR SUPPLY & water harvesting - Photovoltaic Panels UPSTAND BEAM FOR PROVISION OF GLASS BLCOKS IN LOWER SPECIAL FEATURES FLOORS BAMBOO BOARD GLASS BLCOKS FOR DIFFUSED IN INTERIORS PHASE 2 – SHADING DEVICE LIGHT IN OFFICE AREA SHADING DEVICE: The geometry was worked out with the help of a solar chart and simulation software (Ecotect) to block the summer radiation, without obstructing the view and - EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICE DESIGNED TO BLOCK SUMMER GLARE allowing the winter sun to - DOUBLE GLASS PANES USED IN THE BUILDING penetrate into the rooms. - DRY STONE CLADDING ON WALLS TO MINIMESE USE OF WATER DURING CONSTRUCTION LOUVERES - EXTERNAL WALL IS LOW EMBODIED ENERGY AND USE OF HIGHLY INSULATED The external shading device is designed as a separate USING 50 MM THK PUF AND CEB BLOCK EXCAVATED AND PRESSED AT SITE framework, detached from the main structural system of the - BAMBOO PLY A RAPID RENEWABLE MATERIAL IS USED IN PARTITIONS TO REPLACE building to reduce the conduction of heat from outside. GLASS HWEREVER LIGHT WAS NOT REQUIRED. The shading device creates a dynamic façade by enhancing the play of light & shadow on solid stone backdrop The building is punctured with courts at junctions where air and light need to be COURT introduced – providing relief from a monotonous enclosed space, much like TRADITIONAL INDIAN structures that articulated open spaces in this way to work with smaller structural spans and a greater variety of spaces that were appropriate for a THE CENTRAL COURT range of thermal and lighting conditions.. THE EXPOSED WALL WITH MUD BRICKS & THE SHADING SYSTEM FOR THE TERRACE GARDEN 13 PROFESSIONAL WORKS

TRAINEE IN PHASE 1. MEMBER OF DESIGN TEAM IN PHASE 2 UNDER ASHOK B. LALL IRRAD - INSTITUTION PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS MATERIALS: EXCAVATED EARTH USED FOR 35 KW SOLAR POWER – The Steel structure is COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS ALL ESSENTIAL ENERGY LOADS MET designed with great FOR ALL INTERNAL MASONRY consideration to aesthetics SOLAR WATER HEATERS with slender steel tubes to USE OF GLASS BLOCKS FOR carry photovoltaic panels MORE LIGHT INTO THE OFFICE DIFFERENT VIEWS OF EMPHASIS ON NATURAL above. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS SPACES LIGHT AND VENTILATION WATER MANAGEMENT: USE OF TRADITIONAL JALI COLLECTION Zero run off at site. Roof Water Harvesting 40,000 litres. Ground Water Recharge CONSERVATION Use of less water urinals Low water consuming . PASSIVE DESIGN FEATURES WASTE WATER RECYCLING Utilized for flushing &All external glazing shaded from outside to irrigationminimise the HEAT GAIN NO LOAD TO THE MUNCIPAL SEWAGEStack ventilation in Phase 1 and TREATMENT PLANTDisplacement Ventilation in Phase 2 with ROOFthe help of Radiant Cooling minimizes RADIANT COOLING SLAB PLACED RADIANT COOLING PHASE 2 FINISH FLOORING CLOSE TO THE BOTTOM SURFACEenergy use.Ceiling fans provide low energy cooling 200 MM THICK SLAB TO INCORPORATE RADIANT COOLING PIPES COOLTH COOLTH Thermal mass of concrete slabs absorbs the coldness and keeps the surface in contact and in turn the air in contact cool.STONE CLADDING PATTERN – TO Displacement ventilation takes place and reduces the air change rateMINIMISE STONE WASTAGE & PACKING required for hygienic reasons.WODD INSTALLATION OF RADIANT COOLING PIPES 14 PROFESSIONAL WORKS

EXPOSED TO CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF OTHER PROJECTS UNDER AHSOK B. LALL OTHER PROJECTSSUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL COLONY | BELLARY DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES, WORLD HEADQUARTERS| NEW DELHI Collecting ‘Coolth’ in mass of the slab PREDOMINANT WIND DIR. COOLTH RADIATES FROM TUBES INTO HABITABLE AREAS WET PADS And also in Walls. Ferro Cement Channels THE STRUCTURE Typical Construction of residential buildings showing water filled cavity walls/ cooling tubes along with the living spaces. Large mass internal fabric insulated from outside The figure shows the precast hollow blocks flooring system interacts with conditioned air flow to act as thermal fly wheel and store 15 PROFESSIONAL WORKS

EVALUATING & IMPROVING THERMAL, SOLAR AND DAYLIGHTING PERFORMANCE BUILDING FABRIC Comfort band according to ISHRAE: 20°C to 25°COFFICE BUILDING | AHMEDABAD, INDIA Moderate Overheating problem Main Fabric - Reflective Glass with U-value 6 W/sq. m.KAIM : Evaluating and Improving the thermal, solar and daylighting performance Windows - Single glazed with U-value 5.1 W/sq. m.Kof an office building in Ahmedabad, India. Occupants & Schedule – 15 according to 9 per square Most overheated zone meter area for open offices. 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. typical office hours. Sensible Gains – 15 computers, 25 ceiling light fixtures, Less Overheating problem 2 A4 printers’ and 1 Projector = 23.2 W/m2 AHMEDABAD The 2nd, 3rd and 4th floors were found to be most critical ones & simulation was done on the 4th floor INDIA THE BASE CASE SCENARIO The following results were obtained and it was analysed. Wh/ m2 GAINS BREAKDOWN - 4th Floor 1st March - 30th June % 9.8% 9.8% Fabric 2240 9.4% 9% 1680 26.1% Sol-Air 1120 560 52.5% Solar 0 26% Ventilation VIEW OF THE OFFICE BUILDING IN AHMEDABAD 560 51% Internal 1120 86.0% Overall Gains/ Losses The building is an air conditioned building with split air conditioning units serving as the 1680 Inter-zonal cooling units. Its area is around 120 square metres. The use of glass as a material is 2240 2800 14.0% probably inappropriate as for this kind of climate where the heat gains are on the higher Mar 7th 14th 21st 28th Apr 7th 14th 21st 28th May 7th 14th 21st 28th Jun 7th 14th 21st 28th Conduction Sol-Air Direct Solar GAINS GRAPH (Generated from Ecotect) Ventilation Internal Inter-Zonal GAINS PIE CHART – BASE CASE side almost throughout the year. However, the main factor would be to identify the exact problem related to the building. Once the problem is clear, the task would be to tackle it The preliminary analysis shows that most of the gains occur through fabric and solar gains is the 2nd highest individually and then try to bring all the parameters together. contributor. These two contribute to the cooling loads significantly. Hence, first priority would be to change the fabric and then to work on the solar gains by designing some shading devices. After combining these the INSOLATION ANALYSIS To pick one critical floor of the building for simulation overall changes in the gains and the cooling loads will be analysed and compared with the base case. STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 •Changed the material •Still significant gains •Positive signs. Adding •Changing the to brick plaster U- through conduction. an insulation might windows from single value 2.62 W/sq. Insulation probably still bring down the glazed to double m.K from reflected needed. Stone cooling loads. Try glazed will also help glass cladding on brick wall adding an extra layer the cause. U-value 1.860 W/sq. of insulation U value WEST FACADE m.K 0.58 W/sq. m.K NORTH FACADE THERMAL PERFORMANCE CONCLUSION 9% Fabric 9.8% 4% Sol-Air In this aspect, there has been a reduction of almost 40% gains Solar through the fabric. There has also been a significant decrease in Ventilation the cooling loads because of this . 48% Internal The peak cooling load has come down to 11 KW from 26 KW Inter-zonal during the hottest day of the month. EAST FACADE SOUTH FACADE GAINS PIE CHART – AFTER CHANGES 16 CARDIFF UNIVERSITY (PG) OTHER INTERESTS

EVALUATING & IMPROVING THERMAL, SOLAR AND DAYLIGHTING PERFORMANCE BUILDING FABRIC SOLAR PERFORMANCE DAYLIGHT PERFORMANCE The requirement for daylight in an After reducing the conduction through the fabric, the next step would be office space according to Indian to minimise the direct solar gains through the windows as the fabric is Standards is between 300 to 500 lux. taken care of in the above steps. The aim is to provide different options This was tested for the most sunny day and minimise the solar gains which is 7%. All the different facades would and the most cloudy day and the have to be treated differently since the azimuth and the altitude of the results were not satisfactory as shown sun keeps changing throughout the day. Based on the sun path diagram in the figures below. Simulations were and insolation analysis, it is clear that most of the shading is required in performed using RADIANCE. SUNNIEST DAY – 15TH MAY CLOUDIEST DAY – 14TH AUG the south. However, in the West façade, between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., there is direct solar radiation as shown in the figure below. Hence, A thin band of 250 mm height is provided which is covered with Glass Blocks/Bricks which has all the three facades have to have different solutions. a property of transmitting light without the solar gains. Using the projection on top of the SUNPATH - ECOTECT window as a reflector, it may be possible to achieve daylight far into the room as shown. The results in both the cases are as follows.OPTION 1 DIFFERENT SHADING SCREENS FOR EAST, WEST AND SOUTH FAÇADE AS SHOWN IN ABOVE FIGURES SUNNIEST DAY – 15TH MAY CLOUDIEST DAY – 14TH AUG 9% 9.8% GAINS – BASE CASE AND FINAL PROPOSAL CONCLUSION Option 2 LOADS – BASE CASE AND FINAL PROPOSAL Option 1 2000 26% 51% Base Case 0OPTION 2 0 2 4 6 8 -2000 7% KW Solar Gains (%) 9.8% -4000 LOUVERES FOR ALL FACADES EXCEPT NORTH 4% W MONTHLY HEATING/ COOLING LOADS - 4th Floor AHMEDABAD, IND -6000 7200000 Option 1 had different shading devices on all 47% -8000COMPARISON OF LOADS FROM 5400000 3600000 facades except North while Option 2 had BASE CASE AND OPTION 2 1800000 0 similar shading screens. The result shows that -10000 1800000 Option 2 performs better than the Option 1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Fabric Sol-Air 3600000 in terms of solar gain. 5400000 Solar Ventilation 7200000 9000000 H - Before C - Before H - After C- After Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec W MONTHLY HEATING/ COOLING LOADS - 4th Floor AHMEDABAD, IND Internal Inter-zonal 7200000 However, there is hardly any difference in the 5400000 cooling loads as seen in the adjacent graphs. 3600000 1800000 The thermal performance has improved along with the reduction in direct solar gains; however 0 the daylighting aspect needs more re-thinking in a different way in order to achieve the 1800000 The next section addresses the daylighting 3600000 balance between all the three aspects, as in the current proposal daylighting levels are not up 5400000 aspect of this case. 7200000 to the standards. 9000000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Heating Cooling 17 CARDIFF UNIVERSITY (PG) OTHER INTERESTS

RESEARCH & DESIGN PROJECTSHADING DEVICES AND INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAICS | NEW DELHI, INDIA ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN APPLICATIONAIM : The aim is to find the optimum shading device for the overheated spaces in the UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 1 LAYOUTresidential apartments, which would reduce the cooling loads. It will then be integrated with Main EntrancePhotovoltaics to generate electricity. BEDROOM 3 Living + Dining KITCHEN Bedroom 1 GHAZIABAD Bedroom 2 NEW DELHI NEW DELHI Balconies UNIT 2 UNIT 1 GURGAON INDIA FARIDABAD DWARKA SUB-URBS/ SATELLITE TOWNS NOIDA With the rise in population during the last decade, the government decided to decentralise Delhi by giving a go ahead to residential apartments in all of these satellite/sub urban areas. These 10 storeyed buildings had a typical plan with 4 units around the central service core. BEDROOM 3 - SOLAR STRESS & SOLAR STRESS SOLAR STRESS THE PROBLEM: 30% IDENTIFYING CRITICAL ZONES The residential sector is responsible for the maximum consumption 19% The fact that Air conditioning was one of the major contributors to electricity of electricity as shown in the pie chart. (Central Electricity Authority) 43% consumption was further strengthened by the analysis which showed the These buildings have high solar gains which is responsible for the 2% solar stress on windows. high electricity consumptions in residences. 6% The fact that Dwarka, one of the suburbs in Delhi alone had 425 housing PER CAPITA consumption of electricity is around 1000 KWH PER Public Lighting Industrial societies which was spread across 22 sq. kms was a worrying sign as the YEAR which is almost three times the national average. Commercial Residential govt. of Delhi found it difficult to cope with increasing demands of the city. SUPPLY-DEMAND SCENARIO Cloud High Temp + CLIMATE - ANALYSIS Low Temp Solar Gains cover H. Tem. Low Temp 4% 1% Known Demands 5% Others From the graph it is Projected Demands 50 100 clear that most of 9% Pumps Energy Produced 90 time the average Television 40 80 temperature in New Projected Energy TEMPERATURE (C) Refrigerator Production 70 Delhi is around 30 C. 28% 28% Lighting 30 60 Also the solar Celing Fan 50 radiation is very high during this period and 9% AC 20 40 15% mirrors the profile of Coolers 30 the avg temperature. 10 20 The cloud cover is 10 only for two months The Air conditioning market grew by 15% in 2009 and grew by 30% in 2010. The sales of Air 0 0 and there is potential conditioning is also a worrying factor as it contributes the highest to the cooling requirements as Jan Feb Mar Apr May Sep Aug Nov Jun Jul Dec Oct for utilising the shown in the pie chart. The graph also shows that there is a huge gap between the supply and irradiance as shown demand which needs to be bridged as soon as possible. Avg Temp Cloud Cover Solar Radiation in the next section. 18 CARDIFF UNIVERSITY (PG) OTHER INTERESTS

RESEARCH & DESIGN PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN APPLICATION WHY INTEGRATE SHADING DEVICES AND PV As per government estimates, India receives OPTIONS FOR SHADING 5,000 trillion kWh per year, with Delhi 2500 kWh/m2 receiving 4-7 kWh per square metre per day. Six options were made out of which (Delhi Transco Limited Report) the 3 best options are presented. The power sector contributes nearly half of These options were selected after the countrys carbon emissions.(Delhi 1 running the following analysis: Transco Limited Report) SOLAR STRESS If combined with shading devices, it can be SHADOW MASK beneficial for two things 1) LOWER INSOLATION ON THE WINDOW ELECTRICITY DEMANDS 2) TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY The type 3 is the most effective and its effect can also be seen in the 2 cooling loads as shown in the chart below.Step 1 DETERMINE THE OVERHEATING PERIODSBy plotting the overheating periods on the sun 3000path diagram, we can determine the cut off period.The Vertical Shadow angle or the profile angle 2800(VSA) is found out for the time and the months 2600when shading is needed. It is observed that 3February has the lowest profile angle and fixed 2400shading device should be designed as per this. 2200 Base Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Sun path diagram - Stereographic Case North Facing Window SHADE JuneMONTHS VSA° Looking at the sun path diagram, it is visible that in the early and late hours of REQ. February June /May, there are chances of solar gains on the window facing north. TheFEB 2 to 4 PM 50 shadow mask of all the three months during the critical period will tell if theMAR/SEP ALL DAY 62 ADMIT SUN SHADE REQUIRED IN ONE MONTH sun’s rays are coming from the North during the late morning and lateAPR/AUG ALL DAY 79 SHADE REQUIRED ON BOTH DATES evenings.MAY/JUL ALL DAY 83JUNE ALL DAY 121 121° From the above sun path diagram, the Vertical 50° Shadow angle can be determined which is usedOCT ALL DAY 51 to design the shading device based on the timesNOV 12 to 4 PM 41 WINDOW SECTION when the shading is required.Step 2 DESIGN SHADING DEVICES 21st OCTOBER 21st JUNE 21st MARCH SOLAR STRESSThis step involves the analysis of performance of various shading devices varying in depth anddistance based on the Vertical Shadow Angle. The solar stress shows that there is negligible amount of solar gain. The shading South Facing Window device as shown in the figure was tested If the shading device is designed for profile and it covered the overheating zone as angle(VSA) of 50°, it will block the sun PROJECTION shown in the shading mask. When the loads from February to October, including June, were compared, there was no reduction in which is the hottest month. Simulations them. This proves there is no need of Vertical surfaces have been made for June 2nd shading on the Northern side. OPTION SHADOW MASK ORIGINAL SCENARIO SOLAR STRESS 19 CARDIFF UNIVERSITY (PG) OTHER INTERESTS

RESEARCH & DESIGN PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN APPLICATION West Facing Window Step 3 Slanted vertical fins are more effective at shading than fins perpendicular to an east or west-facing window. The figure HOW TO CALCULATE ELECTRICITY FROM PV ? on the right from Solar Control and Shading Devices by Olgyay and Olgyay shows the strategy for East-West facing 1)Find our the type of PV to be integrated into shading devices. windows. 2) Calculate area and find out the orientation of the photovoltaic i.e. surface. WINDOW : PLAN 3)Find out the monthly figures showing the average KWh per square meter per day for energy at specific location. SHADE AZIMUTH WINDOW PLAN By using azimuth west from the south for MONTHS 4)This irradiance figure is to be multiplied by the area will give the average irradiance per day for REQ. ANGLES ° afternoon shade and east from south for that particular location. FEB 12 to 2 PM 40 5) Find out the efficiency and calculate the total solar power which is converted to electricity. morning shade, the combination of fin spacing, fin length and the fin slant angle can MAR/SEP ALL DAY 76 8 be determined as shown in figure. The APR/AUG ALL DAY 100 June azimuth angles are found out from the south MAY/JUL ALL DAY 114 THIN FILM will be integrated into the 6 and noted in the table . shading devices due to its advantages over JUNE ALL DAY 121 kWh/m2/day Crystalline film. The efficiency of a thin film 4 ALL DAY 42 Jan OCT is around 8% and the total electricity 65°If the shading device is designed for 121° NOV 12 to 4 PM 55 Dec calculated as per the above method is 2azimuth measured from south towards the west, around 220 KWh per floor.it will also block the sun in the evenings during SHADOW MASK SOLAR STRESS 0the months of January, February, November and Apr Aug Feb Mar May Sep Jan Jun Jul Nov Dec Oct 2000December. Thus, the shading device will have tobe FLEXIBLE during these months. 1000 South East KWh West Horizontal 0 The graph above shows the solar irradiance in OPTIONS FOR SHADING SCREENS Delhis Avg National Electricity New Delhi collected on different surfaces. These Avg Generated figures are used as per the orientation of the TYPES AVG. INSOLATION – ON GLAZED SURFACES shading screens to calculate elec. generated. CONCLUSION TABLE SOUTH EAST WEST 1 2600 SUGGESTED 3000 3800 SHADING DEVICE 141 KWh & 2500 2400 3000 REDUCTION IN 2200 2000 2200 COOLING LOADS PLAN SECTION PLAN 2 The elec. Generated is around Elec. Generated ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY 220 KWh per floor but this Delhis Avg.… PV result is for the topmost floor. 134 KWh 0 500 1000 1500Five options were made out of which the 2 DAYLIGHTING should also be analysed as the shading devices does affect thebest options are presented. It was already quality of light. Also, the OVERSHADOWING of buildings has to be studied June FURTHER STUDY/established that there needs to be a flexible LIMITATIONS before calculating the exact amount of electricity generated. Also, the effect ofsystem to allow the winter sun, the working of WIND passing through shading devices should be considered during winterthe device is shown in the adjacent figure. months if it aids thermal comfort. Jan/Dec/Feb Jan/Dec/Feb 20 CARDIFF UNIVERSITY (PG) OTHER INTERESTS

WORKSHOPS/ ELECTIVES SKETCHES MODEL MAKING 4 X 4 – GLASS HOUSE TADAO ANDO PHOTOGRAPHYWOODEN WORKSHOP DINING CHAIR & DUST BIN LEATHER & TENSILE WORKSHOP 21

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