Eye Am Confused

Eye am so confused…
Definitions of commonly confused ophthalmology terms
Plus a bonus Venn diagram!
By Clinton Pong, MS 4

Define the following:
Strabismus vsPseudostrabismus
Amblyopia
ExotropiavsExophoria
EsotropiavsEsophoria
HypertropiavsHypotropia

Strabismus
You
Amblyopia
them
Exotropia
Esotropia
Hypertropia
Hypotropia

Strabismus
Eyes do not line up
aka “crossed eyes“
Pseudostrabismus
Mistaken misalignment
More common in Asian infants because of epicanthal folds

Amblyopia(subtype of strabismus)
Loss of one eye's ability to see details
May lead to blindness!
aka "lazy eye“
Really, it is “lazy brain”
Most common cause of vision problems in children
VERY important to treat early and aggressively!

Strabismus vsAmblyopia
Strabismus
What YOU see on them:
Crooked eyes
Amblyopia
What THEY see:
Initially double vision (diplopia) usually compensating for a focusing problem
Eventually brain compensates by causing blindness in one eye
Make a referral!!!!

Amblyopia: types
Exotropia
OUTward deviation of eyes
Commonly 2-4 years old
Esotropia
Inward deviation of eyes
Infancy onward
http://www.pedseye.com/

Amblyopia: -tropiavs -phoria
ExoPHORIA
Transient, temporary
OUTward deviation
EsoPHORIA
Transient, temporary
INward deviation

Hypertropia
Upward vertical misalignment
Most common cause is trochlear fourth nerve palsy (SO4)
Differential includes
thyroid related eye disease
orbital trauma
Brown’s syndrome
Hypotropia
Downward deviation is very rare.

Strabismus
You
Amblyopia
them
Exotropia
Esotropia
Hypertropia
Hypotropia

References
https://www.google.com/health/ref/Amblyopia
http://www.pedseye.com/topics_amblyopia.htm
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/fh/mch/webcourse/vision/mod4a.cfm
Plus some handouts from Drs.