Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web

Chapter 2 Objectives Discuss how the Internet works Understand ways to access the Internet Identify a URL Know how to search for information on the Web Describe the types of Web pages Define Webcasting Describe the uses of electronic commerce (e-commerce) Identify the tools required for Web publishing Explain how e-mail, FTP, newsgroups and message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms and instant messaging work Identify the rules of netiquette Recognize how Web pages use graphics, animation,audio, video, and virtual reality p. 2.2 Next

The Internet What is a network? A collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and media Modems Cables Telephone lines Satellites p. 2.2 Next

What is a network?

A collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and media

Modems

Cables

Telephone lines

Satellites

The Internet What is the Internet? Also called the Net A worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals p. 2.2 Next

What is the Internet?

Also called the Net

A worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

The Internet What are some of the services found on the Internet? p. 2.3 Fig. 2-1 message board instant messaging file transfer e-mail Web chat Next

What are some of the services found on the Internet?

History of the Internet How did the Internet originate? p. 2.3 Goal: To function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed Became functional in September 1969 Goal: To allow scientists at different locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects ARPANET Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Next

How did the Internet originate?

History of the Internet What is a host node? Also called a host Any computer that directly connects to a network Often stores and transfers data and messages Provides network connections for other computers Four original nodes on ARPANET University of California at Los Angeles University of California at Santa Barbara University of Utah Stanford Research Institute p. 2.4 Next

What is a host node?

Also called a host

Any computer that directly connects to a network

Often stores and transfers data and messages

Provides network connections for other computers

Four original nodes on ARPANET

History of the Internet How has this network grown? p. 2.4 Today More than 100 million host nodes 1984 More than 1,000 host nodes 1969 Four host nodes Next

How has this network grown?

History of the Internet What is NSFnet? The National Science Foundation’s network Five supercomputer centers Connected to ARPANET in 1986 p. 2.4 NSFnet ARPANET The Internet Next

What is NSFnet?

The National Science Foundation’s network

Five supercomputer centers

Connected to ARPANET in 1986

History of the Internet Who provides the structure for the Internet today? p. 2.4 Government Cable companies Satellite companies Telephone companies Networks from corporations, commercial firms, and other companies Next

Who provides the structure for the Internet today?

History of the Internet Who controls the Internet? The Internet is a public, cooperative, and independent network No single entity controls or owns the Internet Several organizations advise and define standards p. 2.4 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Oversees research and sets standards and guidelines Internet2 (I2) Internet-related research and development project Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies Next

Who controls the Internet?

The Internet is a public, cooperative, and independent network

No single entity controls or owns the Internet

Several organizations advise and define standards

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Oversees research and sets standards and guidelines

Internet2 (I2)

Internet-related research and development project

Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies

Technology Trailblazer Tim Berners-Lee Created the World Wide Web Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at MIT Click to view Web Link then click Tim Berners-Lee p. 2.4 Next

Tim Berners-Lee

Created the World Wide Web

Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at MIT

How the Internet Works What is an Internet service provider (ISP)? A business that has a permanent Internet connection Provides temporary connections to individuals and companies for free or for a fee p. 2.5 Regional ISP Provides access to the Internet through one or more telephone numbers local to a specific geographic location National ISP Provides local telephone numbers in most major cities and towns nationwide May also provide a toll-free number Next

What is an Internet service provider (ISP)?

A business that has a permanent Internet connection

Provides temporary connections to individuals and companies for free or for a fee

How the Internet Works What is a point of presence (POP)? p. 2.5 An access point on the Internet Accessed by dialing a telephone number Select a service provider with at least one local POP telephone number Next

What is a point of presence (POP)?

How the Internet Works What are other service providers? Click to view Web Link then click Service Providers p. 2.5 Wireless Service Provider Company that provides wireless Internet access Online Service Provider (OSP) Supplies Internet access Has many members- only features that offer special content Next

What are other service providers?

Wireless Service Provider

Company that provides wireless Internet access

Online Service Provider (OSP)

Supplies Internet access

Has many members- only features that offer special content

Company on the Cutting Edge America Online World’s leading online service provider Services include electronic mail, software, computer support services, Internet access Click to view Web Link then click AOL Founded in 1985 by Stephen M. Case p. 2.6 Next

America Online

World’s leading online service provider

Services include electronic mail, software, computer support services, Internet access

Founded in 1985 by Stephen M. Case

What are ways to access the Internet? How the Internet Works 1 Regional Internet Service Provider’s POP 2 National Internet Service Provider’s POP 3 Online Service’s Local POP Online Service (special members-only content) 4 Wireless Internet Service Provider p. 2.5 Fig. 2-2 1 local call long-distance call 1 2 local call local call long-distance call toll-free call 1 2 3 local call local call local call long-distance call toll-free call 4 1 2 3 local call local call local call local call long-distance call toll-free call Next

What are ways to access the Internet?

How the Internet Works How can you connect to the Internet? p. 2.6 High speed connection Employees and students Computers part of a local area network (LAN) Connect to service provider through a high-speed connection line leased from local telephone company Dial-up access Home or small business Computer, modem, regular telephone line Dial into an ISP or OSP Newer high-speed technologies Home and small business Digital subscriber line (DSL) – provides high-speed Internet connections over regular copper telephone line Cable modem- provides high-speed Internet connections through cable television network Next

How can you connect to the Internet?

High speed connection

Employees and students

Computers part of a local area network (LAN)

Connect to service provider through a high-speed connection line leased from local telephone company

Dial-up access

Home or small business

Computer, modem, regular telephone line

Dial into an ISP or OSP

Newer high-speed technologies

Home and small business

Digital subscriber line (DSL) – provides high-speed Internet connections over regular copper telephone line

Cable modem- provides high-speed Internet connections through cable television network

How the Internet Works What are three parts of an Internet connection? Click to view Web Link then click Internet Backbone p. 2.6 Backbone Inner structure of the Internet Communications lines that carry the heaviest amount of traffic Server Computer that manages the resources on a network Provides a centralized storage area for resources such as programs and data Also called a host computer Client Computer that can access the contents of the storage area on the server Next

What are three parts of an Internet connection?

Backbone

Inner structure of the Internet

Communications lines that carry the heaviest amount of traffic

Server

Computer that manages the resources on a network

Provides a centralized storage area for resources such as programs and data

Also called a host computer

Client

Computer that can access the contents of the storage area on the server

How might data travel the Internet using a telephone line connection? How the Internet Works 1: You initiate an action to request data from the Internet. 2: A modem converts the digital signals from the computer into analog signals, which are understood by telephone lines. 3: Data (request) travels through telephone lines to a local ISP. 4: Data may pass through one or more routers before reaching its final destination. 5: The regional ISP uses lines, leased from a telephone company, to send data to a national ISP. 6: The national ISP routes data across the country to another national ISP. 7: Data moves from a national ISP to a local ISP and then to a destination server. 8: The server retrieves the requested data and sends it back through the Internet backbone to your computer. p. 2.7 Fig. 2-3 Step 1 Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Regional ISP Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Regional ISP National ISP Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Regional ISP National ISP National ISP Internet backbone Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Regional ISP Local ISP National ISP National ISP Internet backbone Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Regional ISP Local ISP National ISP National ISP Internet backbone Next

How might data travel the Internet using a telephone line connection?

How the Internet Works What is an Internet protocol (IP) address? Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet Four groups of numbers, each separated by a period Number in each group is between 0 and 255 IP address p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4 199.95.72.10 first part identifies network last part identifies specific computer Next

What is an Internet protocol (IP) address?

Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet

Four groups of numbers, each separated by a period

Number in each group is between 0 and 255

How the Internet Works What is a domain name? Text version of an IP address Components are separated by periods Each domain name represents one or more IP addresses IP address 199.95.72.10 Domain name p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4 www.scsite.com Next

What is a domain name?

Text version of an IP address

Components are separated by periods

Each domain name represents one or more IP addresses

How the Internet Works What is a top-level domain (TLD) abbreviation? Identifies the type of organization associated with the domain Sometimes called dot com when TLD is com p. 2.8 Fig. 2-5 Next

What is a top-level domain (TLD) abbreviation?

Identifies the type of organization associated with the domain

Sometimes called dot com when TLD is com

How the Internet Works What systems control domain names? p. 2.8 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Group that assigns and controls TLDs Domain name system (DNS) System on the Internet that stores the domain names and their corresponding IP addresses DNS server Translates the domain name into its associated IP address Next

What systems control domain names?

The World Wide Web What is the World Wide Web (WWW)? Also known as the Web A worldwide collection of electronic documents Each document on the Web is called a Web page Can contain text, graphics, sound, and video Can contain built-in connections to other documents A Web site is a collection of related Web pages p. 2.9 Next

What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

Also known as the Web

A worldwide collection of electronic documents

Each document on the Web is called a Web page

Can contain text, graphics, sound, and video

Can contain built-in connections to other documents

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

The World Wide Web What is a Web browser? Also called a browser Software program that allows you to access and view Web pages Two popular browsers for personal computers Netscape Internet Explorer p. 2.9 Fig. 2-6 Next

What is a Web browser?

Also called a browser

Software program that allows you to access and view Web pages

Two popular browsers for personal computers

Netscape

Internet Explorer

How can you establish a connection and start the Web browser? The World Wide Web 1 Double-click an icon on the desktop, such as Internet Explorer, to start your browser. 2 If you are not connected to the Internet already, your computer attempts to establish a connection with a service provider. If necessary, click the Connect button. 3 Connection to the Internet occurs and a home page displays. Shown here is an AOL home page. Your home page may vary. p. 2.10 Fig. 2-7 Step 1 Internet Explorer icon Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Next

How can you establish a connection and start the Web browser?

The World Wide Web What is a home page? Starting page for a browser Provides information about the site’s purpose and content Some Web sites also refer to their starting page as a home page May be changed at any time p. 2.10 Next

What is a home page?

Starting page for a browser

Provides information about the site’s purpose and content

Some Web sites also refer to their starting page as a home page

May be changed at any time

The World Wide Web What is downloading? p. 2.11 The process of receiving information, such as a Web page, onto your computer from a server on the Internet Can take from a few seconds to several minutes You can speed up the display of pages by turning off the graphics and displaying only text in most Web browsers Next

What is downloading?

The World Wide Web How do Web-enabled handheld computers and devices access the Web? Use a special type of browser designed for their small screens Microbrowser – software program that accesses and displays Web pages that contain mostly text Also called a minibrowser p. 2.11 Fig. 2-8 Microbrowser for a Web-enabled handheld computer Microbrowser for a Web-enabled cellular telephone Next

How do Web-enabled handheld computers and devices access the Web?

Use a special type of browser designed for their small screens

Microbrowser – software program that accesses and displays Web pages that contain mostly text

Also called a minibrowser

The World Wide Web What is a hyperlink? Also called a link Built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page Allows you to obtain information in a nonlinear way Click to view animation p. 2.12 Next

What is a hyperlink?

Also called a link

Built-in connection to another related Web page or part of a Web page

Allows you to obtain information in a nonlinear way

The World Wide Web How can you identify a link? Link can be a word, phrase, or image Text links usually are underlined or in a color different from the rest of the document A graphical link may change its appearance when you point to it The shape of the pointer on the screen changes to a small hand with a pointing index finger when you position it on a link or point to the link Click the link to activate it p. 2.12 Next

How can you identify a link?

Link can be a word, phrase, or image

Text links usually are underlined or in a color different from the rest of the document

A graphical link may change its appearance when you point to it

The shape of the pointer on the screen changes to a small hand with a pointing index finger when you position it on a link or point to the link

Click the link to activate it

The World Wide Web How do you navigate a variety of links? p. 2.12 Fig. 2-9 pointer Some links display a different color when you point to them. Click the link to display its associated Web site or Web page. pointer Some links are underlined. Click the link to display the associated Web site or Web page. pointer Some links are graphical images. Click the link to display its associated Web site or Web page. Next

How do you navigate a variety of links?

The World Wide Web What is surfing the Web? Links can point to an item on the same Web page, a different Web page at the same Web site, or a separate Web page at a different Web site in another city or country The activity of jumping from one Web page to another is surfing p. 2.12 Next

What is surfing the Web?

Links can point to an item on the same Web page, a different Web page at the same Web site, or a separate Web page at a different Web site in another city or country

The activity of jumping from one Web page to another is surfing

The World Wide Web What is a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)? Unique address for a Web page Browser retrieves a Web page by using the URL Also called a Web address Type the URL into the address text box on the browser and press the Enter key to display a Web page p. 2.13 Fig. 2-10 http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html address text box Next

What is a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?

Unique address for a Web page

Browser retrieves a Web page by using the URL

Also called a Web address

Type the URL into the address text box on the browser and press the Enter key to display a Web page

The World Wide Web What are the parts of a URL? Click to view Web Link then click URLs p. 2.13 Fig. 2-10 protocol domain name path http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html Next

What are the parts of a URL?

The World Wide Web What is a Web server? A computer that delivers (serves) Web pages you request The same Web server can store multiple Web sites p. 2.13 Fig. 2-10 http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html Next

What is a Web server?

A computer that delivers (serves) Web pages you request

The same Web server can store multiple Web sites

The World Wide Web What is a search engine? A software program you can use to find Web sites, Web pages and Internet files Click to view video p. 2.14 Search text A word or phrase entered in the search engine’s text box Also called keywords Spider A program that reads pages on Web sites in order to find Web pages that contain the search text Also called a crawler or bot Next

What is a search engine?

A software program you can use to find Web sites, Web pages and Internet files

The World Wide Web What is a hit? Any Web page name that lists as the result of a search p. 2.14 Fig. 2-11 hit 363 hits Next

What is a hit?

Any Web page name that lists as the result of a search

The World Wide Web What are some widely used search engines? p. 2.15 Fig. 2-12 Next

What are some widely used search engines?

The World Wide Web What is a directory? An organized set of topics Used by a search engine to aid in locating Web sites Each major topic has related subtopics p. 2.15 Fig. 2-13 Next

What is a directory?

An organized set of topics

Used by a search engine to aid in locating Web sites

Each major topic has related subtopics

The World Wide Web What are the six basic types of Web pages? p. 2.16 advocacy Web page informational Web page business/marketing Web page news Web page personal Web page portal Web page Next

What are the six basic types of Web pages?

The World Wide Web What is an advocacy Web page? Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,or idea Purpose is to convince the reader of the validity of the cause, opinion, or idea p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14a Next

What is an advocacy Web page?

Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,or idea

Purpose is to convince the reader of the validity of the cause, opinion, or idea

The World Wide Web What is a business/marketing Web page? Contains content that promotes or sells products or services Often allows you to purchase products or services online p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14b Next

What is a business/marketing Web page?

Contains content that promotes or sells products or services

Often allows you to purchase products or services online

The World Wide Web What is an informational Web page? Contains factual information Many U.S. government sites provide information p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14c Next

What is an informational Web page?

Contains factual information

Many U.S. government sites provide information

The World Wide Web What is a news Web page? Contains newsworthy material Stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14d Next

What is a news Web page?

Contains newsworthy material

Stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather

The World Wide Web What is a portal Web page Often called a portal Offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14e Next

What is a portal Web page

Often called a portal

Offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location

The World Wide Web What services are often found on a portal? p. 2.17 maps stock quotes reference tools sports and weather search engine local , national, and worldwide news free personal Web pages e-mail instant messaging calendars shopping malls and auctions newsgroups or message boards chat rooms Next

What services are often found on a portal?

The World Wide Web What is a Web community? A Web site that joins a specific group of people with similar interests or relationships Usually offer special services to facilitate communication among members p. 2.17 newsgroup or message board e-mail online photo albums chat room Next

What is a Web community?

A Web site that joins a specific group of people with similar interests or relationships

Usually offer special services to facilitate communication among members

The World Wide Web What is a wireless portal? A portal specifically designed for Web-enabled handheld computers and devices Attempts to provide all information a wireless user might require Services include search engines, news, stock quotes, weather, maps, e-mail, calendar, instant messaging, and shopping p. 2.17 Next

What is a wireless portal?

A portal specifically designed for Web-enabled handheld computers and devices

Attempts to provide all information a wireless user might require

Services include search engines, news, stock quotes, weather, maps, e-mail, calendar, instant messaging, and shopping

Company on the Cutting Edge Yahoo! Co-founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in 1994 Click to view Web Link then click Yahoo! Started as a series of lists to organize favorite Web sites Today more than 166 million visitors access 189 million pages daily p. 2.17 Next

Yahoo!

Co-founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in 1994

Started as a series of lists to organize favorite Web sites

Today more than 166 million visitors access 189 million pages daily

The World Wide Web What is a personal Web page? A Web page maintained by a private individual who normally is not associated with any organization Reasons: job hunting and sharing life experience with the world p. 2.17 Fig. 2-14f Next

What is a personal Web page?

A Web page maintained by a private individual who normally is not associated with any organization

Reasons: job hunting and sharing life experience with the world

The World Wide Web What is multimedia? Any application that integrates text with other media elements Often used for Web pages to add appeal Multimedia Web pages often require more time to download because they contain large graphics and video or audio clips p. 2.18 virtual reality graphics audio animation video Next

What is multimedia?

Any application that integrates text with other media elements

Often used for Web pages to add appeal

Multimedia Web pages often require more time to download because they contain large graphics and video or audio clips

The World Wide Web What is a graphic? Also called a graphical image A digital representation of information such as a drawing, chart, or photograph First media used to enhance text-based Internet p. 2.18 Fig. 2-15 Next

What is a graphic?

Also called a graphical image

A digital representation of information such as a drawing, chart, or photograph

First media used to enhance text-based Internet

The World Wide Web What are the formats for graphics files on the Web? p. 2.18 Fig. 2-16 Next

What are the formats for graphics files on the Web?

The World Wide Web Which two formats are most popular for the Web? p. 2.19 GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) Also uses compression techniques to reduce file size Works best for images with only a few distinct colors, such as line drawings, single-color borders, and simple cartoons JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) Graphical image that uses compression techniques to reduce the file size Smaller sizes result in faster downloading of Web page The more compressed the file, the smaller the file, but the lower the quality Next

Which two formats are most popular for the Web?

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

Also uses compression techniques to reduce file size

Works best for images with only a few distinct colors, such as line drawings, single-color borders, and simple cartoons

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

Graphical image that uses compression techniques to reduce the file size

Smaller sizes result in faster downloading of Web page

The more compressed the file, the smaller the file, but the lower the quality

The World Wide Web What is a thumbnail? A small version of a larger graphical image Used because graphics files can be time consuming to display Usually click thumbnail to display the full-sized image p. 2.19 Fig. 2-17 Next

What is a thumbnail?

A small version of a larger graphical image

Used because graphics files can be time consuming to display

Usually click thumbnail to display the full-sized image

The World Wide Web What is animation? The appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in rapid sequence Adds visual interest or draws attention to important information or links Animated GIF uses computer animation and graphics software to combine several images into a single GIF file p. 2.19 Next

What is animation?

The appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in rapid sequence

Adds visual interest or draws attention to important information or links

Animated GIF uses computer animation and graphics software to combine several images into a single GIF file

The World Wide Web What is a marquee? Text that animates by scrolling across the screen Pronounced mar-KEE * * * * * * * add * * * * add inte * * * * add interest * * * * add interest with * * * * add interest with anim * * * * add interest with animation * * * * add interest with animation * * * * * * * add interest with animation * * * * add interest with animation * * * * interest with animation * * * * rest with animation * * * * with animation * * * * animation * * * * tion * * * * * * * * p. 2.19 Next

What is a marquee?

Text that animates by scrolling across the screen

Pronounced mar-KEE

The World Wide Web What is audio? Music, speech, or any other sound Individual sound files that you download to your computer Click icon to hear audio clip. Press the Esc key to cancel. music speech other sound p. 2.20 Next

What is audio?

Music, speech, or any other sound

Individual sound files that you download to your computer

The World Wide Web What is MP3? A popular technology that compresses audio Reduces an audio file to about one-tenth of its original size while preserving the original quality of the sound MP3 file are easily copied from the Web Controversy with respect to copyright infringement p. 2.20 Next

What is MP3?

A popular technology that compresses audio

Reduces an audio file to about one-tenth of its original size while preserving the original quality of the sound

MP3 file are easily copied from the Web

Controversy with respect to copyright infringement

The World Wide Web How can you play MP3 files? Most current operating systems contain a program called a player plays audio in MP3 files on your computer Portable audio devices called MP3 players play MP3 files stored on CD or miniature storage media Click to view Web Link then click MP3 p. 2.20 Fig. 2-18 plays music stored on CD plays music stored on clik! disk plays music stored on CD Next

How can you play MP3 files?

Most current operating systems contain a program called a player

plays audio in MP3 files on your computer

Portable audio devices called MP3 players

play MP3 files stored on CD or miniature storage media

The World Wide Web What is streaming audio? Also called streaming sound Enables you to listen to the sound as it downloads Many radio and television stations use streaming audio to broadcast Two accepted standards Windows Media Player RealAudio – a component of RealPlayer Click to view Web Link then click Streaming Media p. 2.21 Fig. 2-19 Next

What is streaming audio?

Also called streaming sound

Enables you to listen to the sound as it downloads

Many radio and television stations use streaming audio to broadcast

Two accepted standards

Windows Media Player

RealAudio – a component of RealPlayer

The World Wide Web What is video? Consists of full-motion images that are played back at various speeds Most video also has accompanying audio video p. 2.22 Fig. 2-20 Next

What is video?

Consists of full-motion images that are played back at various speeds

Most video also has accompanying audio

The World Wide Web What video formats are used on the Web? p. 2.22 MPEG standard (Moving Pictures Experts Group) Individual video files that you must download completely before you can play them on the computer Streaming video Allows you to view longer or live video images as they download to your computer Two widely used standards RealVideo – a component of RealPlayer Windows Media Player Next

What video formats are used on the Web?

MPEG standard (Moving Pictures Experts Group)

Individual video files that you must download completely before you can play them on the computer

Streaming video

Allows you to view longer or live video images as they download to your computer

Two widely used standards

RealVideo – a component of RealPlayer

Windows Media Player

The World Wide Web What is a Web cam? Also called a cam A video camera whose output displays on a Web page Shows images that change regularly Web cam p. 2.22 Next

What is a Web cam?

Also called a cam

A video camera whose output displays on a Web page

Shows images that change regularly

The World Wide Web What is virtual reality (VR)? The use of computers to simulate a real or imaged environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3D) space VR world – a 3-D site that contains infinite space and depth Used for games as well as many practical applications p. 2.22 Fig. 2-21 Next

What is virtual reality (VR)?

The use of computers to simulate a real or imaged environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3D) space

VR world – a 3-D site that contains infinite space and depth

Used for games as well as many practical applications

The World Wide Web What is pull and push technology? p. 2.23 Fig. 2-22 Pull Obtaining information by requesting it from a site Relies on a client to request a Web page from a server Push Server automatically downloads content to your computer at regular intervals ticker tape pushed to desktop from Microsoft Investor Web site Next

What is pull and push technology?

Pull

Obtaining information by requesting it from a site

Relies on a client to request a Web page from a server

Push

Server automatically downloads content to your computer at regular intervals

The World Wide Web What is Webcasting? Another name for push technology Delivers information at regular intervals without you having to request it Information can be viewed whether you are online or offline p. 2.23 ticker tape pushed to desktop from Microsoft Investor Web site Next

What is Webcasting?

Another name for push technology

Delivers information at regular intervals without you having to request it

Information can be viewed whether you are online or offline

Electronic Commerce What is electronic commerce? Also known as e-commerce A financial business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet p. 2.24 Fig. 2-23 Next

What is electronic commerce?

Also known as e-commerce

A financial business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet

Electronic Commerce What are the three types of e-commerce? p. 2.25 Business to consumer (B-to-C or b2C) Sale of goods to the general public Consumer to consumer (C-to-C or C2C) One consumer sells directly to another Business to business (B-to-B or B2B) Businesses providing goods and services to other businesses Next

What are the three types of e-commerce?

Electronic Commerce What are some features of e-commerce? Electronic storefront The place where a customer visits an online business Shopping cart Allows the customer to collect purchases Online auction Site where you can bid on an item being sold by someone else Click to view Web Link then click E-Commerce p. 2.25 Next

What are some features of e-commerce?

Electronic storefront

The place where a customer visits an online business

Shopping cart

Allows the customer to collect purchases

Online auction

Site where you can bid on an item being sold by someone else

Technology Trailblazer Masayoshi Son Helped to bring Japan to the forefront of the digital age Founded Softbank Corporation in 1981 Click to view Web Link then click Masayoshi Son By 1995, Softbank controlled one-half of the personal computer software in Japan A leading member of Japan’s Prime Minister’s IT Strategy Council p. 2.25 Next

Masayoshi Son

Helped to bring Japan to the forefront of the digital age

Founded Softbank Corporation in 1981

By 1995, Softbank controlled one-half of the personal computer software in Japan

A leading member of Japan’s Prime Minister’s IT Strategy Council

Web Publishing The development and maintenance of Web pages What is Web Publishing? 1 Plan: Think about issues that could affect the design of the Web site. 2 Analyze and Design: Sketch a design of the Web page on paper. 3 Create: Create the Web site in a software package such as word processing. 4 Deploy: Copy (upload) the Web site from your hard disk to a Web server. 5 Maintain: Visit and revise your Web site regularly to be sure it is working and current. p. 2.26 Fig. 2-24 Step 1 Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Next

The development and maintenance of Web pages

What is Web Publishing?

Web Publishing What is needed for creating a Web page? Also called Web page authoring p. 2.26 Hardware Digital camera Scanner Sound card Microphone PC camera Software to prepare HTML HTML (hypertext markup language) A set of special codes that format a file for use as a Web page Created with either: Word processing package Web page authoring software Next

What is needed for creating a Web page?

Also called Web page authoring

Hardware

Digital camera

Scanner

Sound card

Microphone

PC camera

Software to prepare HTML

HTML (hypertext markup language)

A set of special codes that format a file for use as a Web page

Created with either:

Word processing package

Web page authoring software

Web Publishing What is a plug-in? An additional program that extends the capability of a browser Many plug-ins can be downloaded at no cost from the Web Click to view Web Link then click Plug-ins p. 2.28 Fig. 2-25 Next

What is a plug-in?

An additional program that extends the capability of a browser

Many plug-ins can be downloaded at no cost from the Web

Web Publishing How do you deploy a Web site? Click to view Web Link then click Web Publishing p. 2.29 Upload, or copy, the site to the Web server Locate a Web server to store your site Provided by many ISPs and OSPs at no additional cost Provided by a Web hosting service for a monthly fee Next

How do you deploy a Web site?

Locate a Web server to store your site

Provided by many ISPs and OSPs at no additional cost

Provided by a Web hosting service for a monthly fee

Web Publishing What else might be needed to create a Web site? Click to view Web Link then click Submission Services p. 2.29 Apply to an official registrar for a specific domain name Register site with search engines using a submission service A Web-based business that helps register your site Webmaster Individual responsible for maintaining a Web site and developing Web pages Next

What else might be needed to create a Web site?

Register site with search engines using a submission service

A Web-based business that helps register your site

Other Internet Services What is e-mail? Electronic mail The transmission of messages and files via a computer network Use an e-mail program to work with messages Click to view Web Link then click E-mail p. 2.31 create receive store print send forward delete Next

What is e-mail?

Electronic mail

The transmission of messages and files via a computer network

Use an e-mail program to work with messages

How do you send an e-mail message? Other Internet Services 1 Start an e-mail program and point to the New Mail Message button 2 Click the New Mail Message button to display the Message window 3 Enter the recipient’s e-mail address, the subject, and the message in the Message window 4 Click the Insert File button to attach a JPG file containing a picture to the message. Locate the file on your hard disk and click its name. An icon for the file displays. Click the Send button to send the message. 5 When Sally receives the e-mail message, she opens the JPG file to view the picture. p. 2.30 Fig. 2-26 Step 1 Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Next

How do you send an e-mail message?

Other Internet Services What is an Internet e-mail address? A combination of a user name and a domain name that identifies a user so he or she can receive Internet e-mail p. 2.31 Fig. 2-27 user name or user-ID A unique combination of characters that identifies you at domain name Identifies the mail server Next

What is an Internet e-mail address?

A combination of a user name and a domain name that identifies a user so he or she can receive Internet e-mail

Other Internet Services How can you get e-mail? Most ISPs and OSPs provide an Internet e-mail program and a mailbox on a mail server as a standard part of their Internet access services Some Web sites provide e-mail services free of charge p. 2.33 mail server The server that contains the mailboxes address book Allows you to store a list of names and e-mail addresses mailbox Storage location usually residing on the computer that connects you to the Internet Next

How can you get e-mail?

Most ISPs and OSPs provide an Internet e-mail program and a mailbox on a mail server as a standard part of their Internet access services

Some Web sites provide e-mail services free of charge

Other Internet Services What is a POP server? Post office protocol server When a message arrives at the recipient’s mail server, the message transfers to a POP or POP3 server POP server holds an e-mail message until the recipient retrieves it with his or her e-mail software POP3 is the newest version p. 2.32 Next

What is a POP server?

Post office protocol server

When a message arrives at the recipient’s mail server, the message transfers to a POP or POP3 server

POP server holds an e-mail message until the recipient retrieves it with his or her e-mail software

POP3 is the newest version

Other Internet Services How does an e-mail message travel? 1 Using e-mail software, you create and send a message. 2 Your software contacts software on your service provider’s mail server. 3 Software on the mail server determines the best route for the data and sends the message, which travels along Internet routers to the recipient’s mail server. 4 The mail server transfers the message to a POP3 server. 5 When the recipient uses e-mail software to check for e-mail messages, the message transfers from the POP3 server to the recipient’s computer. p. 2.32 Fig. 2-28 Step 1 Step 1 Step 2 mail server Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Internet routers mail server mail server Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Internet routers mail server mail server POP server Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Internet routers mail server mail server POP server Next

How does an e-mail message travel?

Other Internet Services What is FTP? File Transfer Protocol An Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet p. 2.33 Fig. 2-29 file download window Next

What is FTP?

File Transfer Protocol

An Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet

Other Internet Services What are some FTP terms? p. 2.33 FTP server A computer that allows users to upload and download files using FTP FTP site A collection of files that reside on an FTP server anonymous FTP Anyone can transfer some, if not all, available files Next

What are some FTP terms?

Other Internet Services What is a newsgroup? An online area in which users conduct written discussions about a particular subject A user sends a message to the newsgroup Other users in the newsgroup read and reply to the message p. 2.33 Usenet The entire collection of Internet newsgroups news server A computer that stores and distributes newsgroup messages Next

What is a newsgroup?

An online area in which users conduct written discussions about a particular subject

A user sends a message to the newsgroup

Other users in the newsgroup read and reply to the message

Other Internet Services What is a newsreader? A program that enables you to access a newsgroup p. 2.33 article A previously entered message post Add an article to a news group thread Also called threaded discussion The original article and all subsequent related replies Next

What is a newsreader?

A program that enables you to access a newsgroup

Other Internet Services What is a message board? A type of discussion group that does not require a newsreader Click to view Web Link then click Newsgroups and Message Boards Also called a discussion board p. 2.34 Fig. 2-30 Next

What is a message board?

A type of discussion group that does not require a newsreader

Also called a discussion board

Other Internet Services What is a mailing list? A group of e-mail names and addresses given to a single name When a message is sent to a mailing list, every person on the list receives a copy of the message Subscribe or unsubscribe to mailing list to add or remove your name from the mailing list Some are known as LISTSERVs p. 2.34 Fig. 2-31 Next

What is a mailing list?

A group of e-mail names and addresses given to a single name

When a message is sent to a mailing list, every person on the list receives a copy of the message

Subscribe or unsubscribe to mailing list to add or remove your name from the mailing list

Some are known as LISTSERVs

Other Internet Services What is a chat? A real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer Real-time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat Click to view Web Link then click Chat Rooms A chat client is a program on your computer that allows you to chat p. 2.35 Fig. 2-32 Next

What is a chat?

A real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer

Real-time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time

A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat

A chat client is a program on your computer that allows you to chat

Technology Trailblazer Lavonne Luquis Journalist Started LatinoLink, the first general interest Web magazine for Latinos Now known as Latino.com More that 280,000 visitors each month Click to view Web Link then click Lavonne Luquis p. 2.35 Next

Lavonne Luquis

Journalist

Started LatinoLink, the first general interest Web magazine for Latinos

Now known as Latino.com

More that 280,000 visitors each month

Other Internet Services What is instant messaging (IM)? A real-time Internet communications service Notifies you when one or more people are online Allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat with them Click to view Web Link then click Instant Messaging p. 2.36 Fig. 2-33 message sent from Karen to Katy Karen’s message immediately displays on Katy’s computer screen because she is online Katy’s response to Karen Next

What is instant messaging (IM)?

A real-time Internet communications service

Notifies you when one or more people are online

Allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat with them

Other Internet Services What is netiquette? Internet etiquette Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet Netiquette Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you . Use emoticons to express emotion : ) Smile : ( Frown : l Indifference : Undecided :o Surprised Use abbreviations for phrases such as BTW by the way FYI for your information FWIW for what it’s worth IMHO in my humble opinion TTFN ta ta for now TYVM thank you very much 2. Read the FAQ (frequently asked questions) 3. Use your user name for your personal use only 4. Do not assume material is accurate or up to date 5. Never read someone’s private e-mail Avoid sending or posting flames, which are abusive or insulting messages Do not participate in flame wars, which are exchanges of flames 1. In e-mail, newsgroups, and chat rooms: Keep messages brief Use proper spelling and grammar Be polite Avoid offensive language Do not use all capital letters which is the equivalent of SHOUTING! Clearly identify a spoiler: a message that reveals a solution to a game or ending to a movie or program Avoid sending spam, or an unsolicited message sent to many recipients at once. Considered Internet junk mail. Click to view video p. 2.37 Fig. 2-34 Next

What is netiquette?

Internet etiquette

Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet

Use emoticons to express emotion

: ) Smile

: ( Frown

: l Indifference

: Undecided

:o Surprised

Use abbreviations for phrases such as

BTW by the way

FYI for your information

FWIW for what it’s worth

IMHO in my humble opinion

TTFN ta ta for now

TYVM thank you very much

Avoid sending or posting flames, which are abusive or insulting messages

Do not participate in flame wars, which are exchanges of flames

1. In e-mail, newsgroups, and chat rooms:

Keep messages brief

Use proper spelling and grammar

Be polite

Avoid offensive language

Do not use all capital letters which is the equivalent of SHOUTING!

Clearly identify a spoiler: a message that reveals a solution to a game or ending to a movie or program

Avoid sending spam, or an unsolicited message sent to many recipients at once. Considered Internet junk mail.

Summary of the Internet and World Wide Web The Internet History of the Internet How the Internet works The World Wide Web Electronic commerce Web publishing Other Internet services Netiquette Next

The Internet

History of the Internet

How the Internet works

The World Wide Web

Electronic commerce

Web publishing

Other Internet services

Netiquette

Chapter 2 Complete