Teknik Fotografi

sekilas tentang fotografi

A PICTURE

TELLS

A THOUSAND WORDS

Skull victims of Cambodia tragedy “Killing Fields”

istilah

Shutter speed

Diafragma (aperture)

ISO (ASA)

Digital zoom

Optical zoom

Pixels

Format digital

In photography, shutter speed is the common term for exposure time, the effective length of time a shutter is open; the total exposure is proportional to this exposure time, or duration of light reaching the film or image sensor. Shutter speed

Variasi shutter speed

1/1000s

1/500 s

1/250 s

1/125s

1/60s

1/30s

1/15s

1/8s

1/4s

1/2s

1s

Low shutter speed

Contoh penggunaan low shutter speed

24 mm 35 mm 100 mm 50 mm Contoh penggunaan lensa

Contoh penggunaan lensa 1200 mm 800 mm 400 mm 200 mm

Diafragma (aperture) In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, or relative aperture) of an optical system expresses the diameter of the entrance pupil in terms of the focal length of the lens; in simpler terms, the f-number is the focal length divided by the "effective" aperture diameter. It is a dimensionless number that is a quantitative measure of lens speed, an important concept in photography.

Diafragma (aperture) Diafragma atau aperture (atau sering disebut bukaan) berfungsi untuk mengatur jumlah volume cahaya yang masuk. Alat ini biasanya terdapat di belakang lensa. Terdiri dari 5-8 lempengan logam yang tersusun dan dapat membuka lebih lebar atau lebih sempit. Semakin kecil angka diafragma, maka bukaan yang dihasilkan akan semakin lebar sehingga cahaya yang masuk semakin banyak, dan sebaliknya.

pixels The more pixels used to represent an image, the closer the result can resemble the original. The number of pixels in an image is sometimes called the resolution, though resolution has a more specific definition. Pixel counts can be expressed as a single number, as in a "three-megapixel" digital camera, which has a nominal three million pixels, or as a pair of numbers, as in a "640 by 480 display", which has 640 pixels from side to side and 480 from top to bottom (as in a VGA display), and therefore has a total number of 640 × 480 = 307,200 pixels or 0.3 megapixels.

ISO Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light. Film with lower sensitivity (lower ISO/ASA speed) requires a longer exposure and is thus called a slow film, while stock with higher sensitivity (higher ISO/ASA speed) can shoot the same scene with a shorter exposure and is called a fast film.

Zoom (optical/digital) Of the two types of zoom available, optical and digital, optical zoom is far more important. Optical zoom uses the camcorder's lens to magnify part of the image without losing any image quality. Digital zoom also enlarges images, but loses some of the image quality.

Format foto digital

Joint Photographic Expert Group –JPEG (.jpeg/.jpg)

Adalah format yang paling popular dan flexible. Kompatibel dengan semua program pengolahan gambar, sistem komputer (IBM PC ataupun Macintosh) dan web (internet). Namun format ini menggunakan metode “kompresi” (pemampatan) data untuk menyusutkan besar file-nya.

Format foto digital 2. RAW RAW, sebenarnya bukan merupakan singkatan, melainkan istilah bahasa inggris yang berarti “mentah”. RAW di sini berarti bahwa setiap data yang dihasilkan oleh sensor digital tidak dimampatkan (dikompresikan) seperti halnya format JPG. Keunggulannya adalah jenis file ini merekam 100% data tanpa mengalami penurunan kualitas gambar. Namun kelemahannya adalah besarnya file yang membengkak beberapa kali lipat.

Format foto digital 3. Bitmap Image (.bmp) Format ini adalah format grafis windows, kelemahannya tidak bisa menyimpan alpha channel serta pertukaran platform, yang diperlukan untuk membuat sebuah obyek gambar menjadi desktop wallpaper. 4. Graphics Interchange Format (.gif) Format ini adalah format standar internet atau electonic publishing, mampu menyimpan gambar dan animasi dua dimensi.

Jenis kamera

accessories

Kesulitan dengan kamera digital

Sistim kamera bekerja menurut keadaan cahaya, terutama jika kamera bekerja secara otomatis.

Bagaimanapun canggihnya kamera kita, dia hanya bisa bekerja berdasarkan kondisi cahaya yang ada. Selain itu, sistim kerja dan peralatan fotografi memiliki banyak keterbatasan.

Berbagai faktor inilah yang membuat kamera digital sering bekerja tidak optimal, bahkan sering memberikan hasil yang buruk & mengecewakan.

Ada 2 kesalahan yang seringkali terjadi :

Saat kita memotret dalam cahaya minim, misal pementasan di panggung atau aktivitas dalam ruangan, kamera harus merekam gambar secara lambat, sehingga subyek yang bergerak akan terekam buram atau blur.

Selain itu gerakan atau getaran tangan saat bekerja akan membuat kamera bergerak/bergetar saat merekam gambar, akibatnya sama, gambar buram atau blur.

2. Saat membidik subyek dengan area terang di belakangnya (back lighting), kerja sistim kamera terpengaruh oleh terang yang ada di belakang subyek, sehingga kamera merekam normal untuk daerah belakang, akibatnya subyek akan terekam gelap.

Contoh back light

Program khusus

Portrait

Landscape

Night scene

Sport

Macro

Sunset

Fireworks

Panorama

Beach & Snow etc …..

Photo samples

Petra, Jordan

Stonehenge, Salisbury, Southern England

The Collosseum, Rome-Italy

Machu, Peru

Mosque, IRAN

Jesus, Brazil

AMONA, West Bank/Feb. 2006 A Jewish settler struggles with an Israeli security officer as authorities evacuate a West Bank settlement near the Palestinian town of Ramallah after Israel’s Supreme Court cleared the way for the demolition of nine homes at the site. This photo won first prize in The World Press Photo awards. (AP Photo/Oded Balilty)

News & Notes , March 2, 2006 · Farai Chideya talks to Dan Krauss, the director of The Death of Kevin Carter, an Oscar-nominated documentary about the life, work and suicide of a Pulitzer-prize winning South African photojournalist. Carter's winning photo shows a heart-breaking scene of a starving child collapsed on the ground, struggling to get to a food center during a famine in the Sudan in 1993. In the background, a vulture stalks the emaciated child. Carter was part of a group of four fearless photojournalists known as the "Bang Bang Club" who traveled throughout South Africa capturing the atrocities committed during apartheid. Haunted by the horrific images from Sudan, Carter committed suicide in 1994 soon after receiving the award. So be a good friend of this world. With your pictures, share the moments with others.

Good Luck ! Wishing You A Joyful and Prosperous New Year 2009 ! Thank You