SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 39
Download to read offline
Rock types and their Formation
Recapping from Junior Cert…
_____________ are formed from hot volcanic material that
has cooled down – two examples are __________ and
_______________.
________________ rocks are formed from particles of
animal or plant remains, or other rocks. Examples include
_______________ and ______________.
_________________ rocks are rocks that are changed by
great _____ or ___________. Examples include
____________ and _______________.
2006 OL
Igneous rocks
 Formed underground (intrusive) or on the surface
(extrusive)
 Two basic intrusive types
 Plutonic – formed deep underground, with large crystals.
Example – Granite of Wicklow Mountains
 Hypabassal – formed close to the surface, smaller crystals.
Example – Dolerite of Co. Antrim.
 One extrusive type
 Basalt (Giant’s Causeway)
Hypabassal Dolerite – Fair Head sill
Formed close to the surface, has an
appearance like Basalt. Crystals are
small.
Plutonic Igneous Rock - Granite
Contains many crystals due to slow
cooling underground as it was
formed. Found in the Dublin &
Wicklow mountains (Batholith)
Extrusive Rocks - Basalt
Definitions & Examples
Extrusive ____________________________________________
Example of Extrusive rock ______________________________
Intrusive ____________________________________________
Hypabassal __________________________________________
Example of Hypabassal Rock ____________________________
Plutonic _____________________________________________
Example of Plutonic Rock _______________________________
2010 HL
2010 OL
2010 Ordinary Level LC
Rock types and their Formation
Sedimentary rock - formation
 Key words and phrases
 Accumulation – build up of Strata (layers) of particles
 Compaction – squashing of layers together
 Cementation – glueing together of particles
 Lithification – the process of changing sedimentation into
stone
Sedimentary Rock types
 Organically formed from dead plant/animal material (e.g.
Coal, Limestone, Chalk)
 Inorganically formed – from particles of other rocks (e.g.
Sandstone, Mudstone)
 Chemically formed (less common) – formed from
evaporation of sea water, leaving the salts behind (e.g.
Gypsum, Rocksalt)
Gypsum – a chemically formed sedimentary
rock (from seawater evaporating)
Sediments laid down – a salt pan
Metamorphic Rocks – P 68
 Three types:
 Thermal (rocks changed by intense heat – e.g. Quartzite
(thermal metamorphism of Sandstone, Sugar Loaf
Mountain)
 Dynamic Metamorphism – (rocks changed by pressure –
e.g. Shale into slate)
 Regional Metamorphism – (rocks changed over a long time
and over a large area, being slowly “cooked” to form new
rocks e.g. Gneiss. Found in N. Scotland, NW Ireland and
Canada)
Rock types and their Formation
Metamorphic Rock - Gneiss
Slate used as a roofing material
Ireland’s Rocks
2011 LC Hons Q
Rock Cycle – P 62
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7YQ5vwaL98
 The process by which rocks are constantly “recycled” by
the natural processes of the Earth.
Rock types and their Formation
The Rock Cycle
2006 LC HL
Tara Mines – Case Study
Case Study - Tara Zinc and Lead
mines
 An important Primary Economic Activity in the GDA (Greater
Dublin Area)
 At Tara Mines people interact with the Rock Cycle in many
different ways
 Constructing Shaft Mines
 Working on new methods to extract ore
 Inventing safe methods to dispose of mining waste
 Developing transport systems to move ore to the market
Zinc and Lead
Zinc and Lead - uses
 Zinc
 Used in alloys for car manufacture
 Galvanising
 Dietary supplements
 Batteries
 Lead
 Soldering
 Bullets
 Batteries
Shaft Mine
Tara Mines – ore extraction
Tara Mines – stope and pillar
mining
Ore Transportation
Tara Mines
 Largest Zinc Mine in Europe, 5th largest in the world
 Ore (rock that contains the metals) is extracted at Navan,
shipped to refineries in Finland and Norway
 The ore was formed approx 350 million years ago between
layers of carboniferous limestone, now lies 500 to 900m below
surface
 “Stope and Pillar” mining is used (see p 66)
 Rock is crushed to a powder, mixed with water and chemicals
to remove the metals from the rock
 Waste water is toxic, needs to be treated carefully
Rock types and their Formation
Tara Mines - Environment
 Mining is potentially very dangerous for environment
 Sediments and chemicals used are vulnerable to transport
by wind – can get blown onto crops, towns, people
 Since 1997 improvements have been made at the mine to
improve the local environment
 Waste water treated by natural bacteria
 Landscaping in local area
 Restoration of tailings pond (where sediments are allowed
to settle)
 Constant monitoring for pollution
LC Exam Question on mining
(2009)
 Discuss, with reference to one of the following, how humans
interact with the rock cycle (30 marks)
 Mining
 Extraction of building materials
 Oil / Gas exploitation
 Geothermal energy production
Marking Scheme
 Interaction identified: 2 marks
 Discussion: 14 x SRPs
 Give credit for up to two examples of location.
LC Exam Question 2009
Examine, with reference to examples from Ireland, the
formation of sedimentary rocks. [30m]
Marking Scheme
 Name two sedimentary rocks: 2 + 2 marks
 Name two associated Irish locations: 2 + 2 marks
 Examination: 11 x SRPs
 Give credit for 1 SRP for diagram without annotation.
 Give credit for extra labelling in diagram from Examination
SRPs.
 Allow treatment of up to 3 rocks in examination.
 At least 3 SRPs for treatment of second sedimentary rock
 If description only –2 x SRPs max

More Related Content

What's hot

Geological structures folds faults joints types of folds joints
Geological structures folds faults joints types of folds jointsGeological structures folds faults joints types of folds joints
Geological structures folds faults joints types of folds jointsAmjad Ali Soomro
 
Geological fieldwork report
Geological fieldwork reportGeological fieldwork report
Geological fieldwork reportBhadra Thakuri
 
Igneous Rock Presentation
Igneous Rock PresentationIgneous Rock Presentation
Igneous Rock Presentationmrzislion
 
Topic 3 igneous rocks
Topic 3 igneous rocksTopic 3 igneous rocks
Topic 3 igneous rocksKaleb Wilson
 
Physical Properties of Minerals
Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals
Physical Properties of Mineralsrebelbrindley
 
Magma And classification Of Magma by junaidurrehman
Magma And classification Of Magma by junaidurrehmanMagma And classification Of Magma by junaidurrehman
Magma And classification Of Magma by junaidurrehmanJunaidurrehman26
 
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth Jahangir Alam
 
Sedimentary Rocks 2011 copyright
Sedimentary Rocks 2011  copyrightSedimentary Rocks 2011  copyright
Sedimentary Rocks 2011 copyrightAnnie C. Cloutier
 
Rock identification igneous kc
Rock identification igneous kcRock identification igneous kc
Rock identification igneous kcKevin Cooper
 
Differentiation of earth
Differentiation of earthDifferentiation of earth
Differentiation of earthPramoda Raj
 
Introduction of geoscience/ what is geoscience?
Introduction of geoscience/ what is geoscience? Introduction of geoscience/ what is geoscience?
Introduction of geoscience/ what is geoscience? Jahangir Alam
 
Metamorphic Rocks, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint, Geology, Schist, Gneiss,
Metamorphic Rocks, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint, Geology, Schist, Gneiss, Metamorphic Rocks, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint, Geology, Schist, Gneiss,
Metamorphic Rocks, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint, Geology, Schist, Gneiss, www.sciencepowerpoint.com
 
Plate Tectonics
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Plate Tectonicsshoaib1982
 
Structure of Earth and its Composition
Structure of Earth and its CompositionStructure of Earth and its Composition
Structure of Earth and its CompositionRathnavel Ponnuswami
 
Fold, its element, classification & Mechanism
Fold, its element, classification & Mechanism Fold, its element, classification & Mechanism
Fold, its element, classification & Mechanism Praphulla Sonowal
 
Plate Tectonics Review Answers
Plate Tectonics Review AnswersPlate Tectonics Review Answers
Plate Tectonics Review Answersdwinter1
 
Ppt 4 eso the internal processes in the earth (1)
Ppt 4 eso the internal processes in the earth (1)Ppt 4 eso the internal processes in the earth (1)
Ppt 4 eso the internal processes in the earth (1)mmiro
 

What's hot (20)

Geological structures folds faults joints types of folds joints
Geological structures folds faults joints types of folds jointsGeological structures folds faults joints types of folds joints
Geological structures folds faults joints types of folds joints
 
Geological fieldwork report
Geological fieldwork reportGeological fieldwork report
Geological fieldwork report
 
Igneous Rock Presentation
Igneous Rock PresentationIgneous Rock Presentation
Igneous Rock Presentation
 
Plates
PlatesPlates
Plates
 
Topic 3 igneous rocks
Topic 3 igneous rocksTopic 3 igneous rocks
Topic 3 igneous rocks
 
Physical Properties of Minerals
Physical Properties of MineralsPhysical Properties of Minerals
Physical Properties of Minerals
 
Magma And classification Of Magma by junaidurrehman
Magma And classification Of Magma by junaidurrehmanMagma And classification Of Magma by junaidurrehman
Magma And classification Of Magma by junaidurrehman
 
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth
Earth materials, internel structure of the earth, composition of the earth
 
Sedimentary Rocks 2011 copyright
Sedimentary Rocks 2011  copyrightSedimentary Rocks 2011  copyright
Sedimentary Rocks 2011 copyright
 
Rock identification igneous kc
Rock identification igneous kcRock identification igneous kc
Rock identification igneous kc
 
Differentiation of earth
Differentiation of earthDifferentiation of earth
Differentiation of earth
 
Introduction of geoscience/ what is geoscience?
Introduction of geoscience/ what is geoscience? Introduction of geoscience/ what is geoscience?
Introduction of geoscience/ what is geoscience?
 
Geological field work report
Geological field work reportGeological field work report
Geological field work report
 
Metamorphic Rocks, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint, Geology, Schist, Gneiss,
Metamorphic Rocks, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint, Geology, Schist, Gneiss, Metamorphic Rocks, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint, Geology, Schist, Gneiss,
Metamorphic Rocks, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint, Geology, Schist, Gneiss,
 
Plate Tectonics
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics
 
Structure of Earth and its Composition
Structure of Earth and its CompositionStructure of Earth and its Composition
Structure of Earth and its Composition
 
Fold, its element, classification & Mechanism
Fold, its element, classification & Mechanism Fold, its element, classification & Mechanism
Fold, its element, classification & Mechanism
 
Plate Tectonics
Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics
 
Plate Tectonics Review Answers
Plate Tectonics Review AnswersPlate Tectonics Review Answers
Plate Tectonics Review Answers
 
Ppt 4 eso the internal processes in the earth (1)
Ppt 4 eso the internal processes in the earth (1)Ppt 4 eso the internal processes in the earth (1)
Ppt 4 eso the internal processes in the earth (1)
 

Viewers also liked (11)

Geography - rock formation rock cycle - GCSE
Geography - rock formation rock cycle - GCSE Geography - rock formation rock cycle - GCSE
Geography - rock formation rock cycle - GCSE
 
Igneous rocks
Igneous rocksIgneous rocks
Igneous rocks
 
مصطلحات مادة-الازمات
مصطلحات مادة-الازماتمصطلحات مادة-الازمات
مصطلحات مادة-الازمات
 
Igneous rock ppt
Igneous rock pptIgneous rock ppt
Igneous rock ppt
 
Igneous rocks
Igneous rocksIgneous rocks
Igneous rocks
 
Igneous rocks
Igneous rocksIgneous rocks
Igneous rocks
 
Volcanoes
VolcanoesVolcanoes
Volcanoes
 
Volcano powerpoint
Volcano powerpointVolcano powerpoint
Volcano powerpoint
 
Rocks And The Rock Cycle
Rocks And  The  Rock  CycleRocks And  The  Rock  Cycle
Rocks And The Rock Cycle
 
Volcanoes Grade 9
Volcanoes Grade 9Volcanoes Grade 9
Volcanoes Grade 9
 
Grade 9 Module 1, Lesson 1.1: Volcanoes (Teacher's Guide for Discussion)
Grade 9 Module 1, Lesson 1.1: Volcanoes (Teacher's Guide for Discussion)Grade 9 Module 1, Lesson 1.1: Volcanoes (Teacher's Guide for Discussion)
Grade 9 Module 1, Lesson 1.1: Volcanoes (Teacher's Guide for Discussion)
 

Similar to Rock types and their Formation

Geology module2
Geology module2Geology module2
Geology module2Apoorva S
 
Rock ,Rock cycle And Formation.pdf
Rock ,Rock cycle And Formation.pdfRock ,Rock cycle And Formation.pdf
Rock ,Rock cycle And Formation.pdfIAS Academy
 
Rocks formation and cycle
Rocks formation and cycleRocks formation and cycle
Rocks formation and cyclesirrainbow
 
2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment Symposium - Geological Survey of New S...
2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment Symposium -  Geological Survey of New S...2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment Symposium -  Geological Survey of New S...
2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment Symposium - Geological Survey of New S...Symposium
 
PART 2 Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation.pptx
PART 2 Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation.pptxPART 2 Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation.pptx
PART 2 Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation.pptxSimonDrury13
 
Earth Science 2.1 : The Rock Cycle
Earth Science 2.1 : The Rock CycleEarth Science 2.1 : The Rock Cycle
Earth Science 2.1 : The Rock CycleChris Foltz
 
04_weathering_students_revised
04_weathering_students_revised04_weathering_students_revised
04_weathering_students_revisedcresnick
 
The origin of clay
The origin of clayThe origin of clay
The origin of claydargilles
 
Rocks Introduction
Rocks   IntroductionRocks   Introduction
Rocks Introductiontudorgeog
 
The rock cycle and carbon cycle
The rock cycle and carbon cycleThe rock cycle and carbon cycle
The rock cycle and carbon cycleeviebrockway
 
Lecture Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks.pptx
Lecture  Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks.pptxLecture  Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks.pptx
Lecture Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks.pptxSaadTaman
 

Similar to Rock types and their Formation (20)

MODULE 4 AND 5.pptx
MODULE 4 AND 5.pptxMODULE 4 AND 5.pptx
MODULE 4 AND 5.pptx
 
MODULE 4 AND 5.pptx
MODULE 4 AND 5.pptxMODULE 4 AND 5.pptx
MODULE 4 AND 5.pptx
 
Geology module2
Geology module2Geology module2
Geology module2
 
Chapt14 lecture
Chapt14 lectureChapt14 lecture
Chapt14 lecture
 
Ch 14 ed
Ch 14 edCh 14 ed
Ch 14 ed
 
Rock ,Rock cycle And Formation.pdf
Rock ,Rock cycle And Formation.pdfRock ,Rock cycle And Formation.pdf
Rock ,Rock cycle And Formation.pdf
 
Rocks formation and cycle
Rocks formation and cycleRocks formation and cycle
Rocks formation and cycle
 
Ppt on rocks
Ppt on rocksPpt on rocks
Ppt on rocks
 
Rocks
RocksRocks
Rocks
 
2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment Symposium - Geological Survey of New S...
2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment Symposium -  Geological Survey of New S...2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment Symposium -  Geological Survey of New S...
2015 Broken Hill Resources Investment Symposium - Geological Survey of New S...
 
PART 2 Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation.pptx
PART 2 Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation.pptxPART 2 Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation.pptx
PART 2 Rocks and Minerals and their exploitation.pptx
 
Earth Science 2.1 : The Rock Cycle
Earth Science 2.1 : The Rock CycleEarth Science 2.1 : The Rock Cycle
Earth Science 2.1 : The Rock Cycle
 
Metamorphic Rock Research Paper
Metamorphic Rock Research PaperMetamorphic Rock Research Paper
Metamorphic Rock Research Paper
 
04_weathering_students_revised
04_weathering_students_revised04_weathering_students_revised
04_weathering_students_revised
 
Rock cycle
Rock cycleRock cycle
Rock cycle
 
The origin of clay
The origin of clayThe origin of clay
The origin of clay
 
Rocks Introduction
Rocks   IntroductionRocks   Introduction
Rocks Introduction
 
Rocks
RocksRocks
Rocks
 
The rock cycle and carbon cycle
The rock cycle and carbon cycleThe rock cycle and carbon cycle
The rock cycle and carbon cycle
 
Lecture Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks.pptx
Lecture  Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks.pptxLecture  Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks.pptx
Lecture Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks.pptx
 

More from Noel Hogan

Earthquakes - Leaving Certificate Geography
Earthquakes - Leaving Certificate GeographyEarthquakes - Leaving Certificate Geography
Earthquakes - Leaving Certificate GeographyNoel Hogan
 
Physical Geography Leaving Cert Short Notes
Physical Geography Leaving Cert Short NotesPhysical Geography Leaving Cert Short Notes
Physical Geography Leaving Cert Short NotesNoel Hogan
 
Britain between the Wars
Britain between the WarsBritain between the Wars
Britain between the WarsNoel Hogan
 
Population and Overpopulation - Leaving Cert Geography
Population and Overpopulation - Leaving Cert GeographyPopulation and Overpopulation - Leaving Cert Geography
Population and Overpopulation - Leaving Cert GeographyNoel Hogan
 
Brazil - Leaving Cert Geography
Brazil - Leaving Cert GeographyBrazil - Leaving Cert Geography
Brazil - Leaving Cert GeographyNoel Hogan
 
Religion, the mass media and higher education
Religion, the mass media and higher educationReligion, the mass media and higher education
Religion, the mass media and higher educationNoel Hogan
 
Civil Rights in the USA
Civil Rights in the USACivil Rights in the USA
Civil Rights in the USANoel Hogan
 
Paris Basin and Mezzogiorno
Paris Basin and MezzogiornoParis Basin and Mezzogiorno
Paris Basin and MezzogiornoNoel Hogan
 
Us Foreign Policy after 1945
Us Foreign Policy after 1945Us Foreign Policy after 1945
Us Foreign Policy after 1945Noel Hogan
 
US Economic Boom & Decline
US Economic Boom & DeclineUS Economic Boom & Decline
US Economic Boom & DeclineNoel Hogan
 
Economic Activities for the Junior Certicate
Economic Activities for the Junior CerticateEconomic Activities for the Junior Certicate
Economic Activities for the Junior CerticateNoel Hogan
 
Graphic Organisers
Graphic OrganisersGraphic Organisers
Graphic OrganisersNoel Hogan
 
Notes on Social Change in 20th Century Ireland
Notes on Social Change in 20th Century IrelandNotes on Social Change in 20th Century Ireland
Notes on Social Change in 20th Century IrelandNoel Hogan
 
Notes on International Relations in the 20th Century
Notes on International Relations in the 20th CenturyNotes on International Relations in the 20th Century
Notes on International Relations in the 20th CenturyNoel Hogan
 
Notes on 20th Century Ireland Politics
Notes on 20th Century Ireland PoliticsNotes on 20th Century Ireland Politics
Notes on 20th Century Ireland PoliticsNoel Hogan
 
History Notes on the Famine
History Notes on the FamineHistory Notes on the Famine
History Notes on the FamineNoel Hogan
 
History Notes on the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions
History Notes on the Industrial and Agricultural RevolutionsHistory Notes on the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions
History Notes on the Industrial and Agricultural RevolutionsNoel Hogan
 
History Notes on the Age of Revolutions
History Notes on the Age of RevolutionsHistory Notes on the Age of Revolutions
History Notes on the Age of RevolutionsNoel Hogan
 
History Notes - The Plantations
History Notes - The PlantationsHistory Notes - The Plantations
History Notes - The PlantationsNoel Hogan
 

More from Noel Hogan (20)

Earthquakes - Leaving Certificate Geography
Earthquakes - Leaving Certificate GeographyEarthquakes - Leaving Certificate Geography
Earthquakes - Leaving Certificate Geography
 
Physical Geography Leaving Cert Short Notes
Physical Geography Leaving Cert Short NotesPhysical Geography Leaving Cert Short Notes
Physical Geography Leaving Cert Short Notes
 
Britain between the Wars
Britain between the WarsBritain between the Wars
Britain between the Wars
 
Population and Overpopulation - Leaving Cert Geography
Population and Overpopulation - Leaving Cert GeographyPopulation and Overpopulation - Leaving Cert Geography
Population and Overpopulation - Leaving Cert Geography
 
Brazil - Leaving Cert Geography
Brazil - Leaving Cert GeographyBrazil - Leaving Cert Geography
Brazil - Leaving Cert Geography
 
Religion, the mass media and higher education
Religion, the mass media and higher educationReligion, the mass media and higher education
Religion, the mass media and higher education
 
Civil Rights in the USA
Civil Rights in the USACivil Rights in the USA
Civil Rights in the USA
 
Paris Basin and Mezzogiorno
Paris Basin and MezzogiornoParis Basin and Mezzogiorno
Paris Basin and Mezzogiorno
 
Settlement
SettlementSettlement
Settlement
 
Us Foreign Policy after 1945
Us Foreign Policy after 1945Us Foreign Policy after 1945
Us Foreign Policy after 1945
 
US Economic Boom & Decline
US Economic Boom & DeclineUS Economic Boom & Decline
US Economic Boom & Decline
 
Economic Activities for the Junior Certicate
Economic Activities for the Junior CerticateEconomic Activities for the Junior Certicate
Economic Activities for the Junior Certicate
 
Graphic Organisers
Graphic OrganisersGraphic Organisers
Graphic Organisers
 
Notes on Social Change in 20th Century Ireland
Notes on Social Change in 20th Century IrelandNotes on Social Change in 20th Century Ireland
Notes on Social Change in 20th Century Ireland
 
Notes on International Relations in the 20th Century
Notes on International Relations in the 20th CenturyNotes on International Relations in the 20th Century
Notes on International Relations in the 20th Century
 
Notes on 20th Century Ireland Politics
Notes on 20th Century Ireland PoliticsNotes on 20th Century Ireland Politics
Notes on 20th Century Ireland Politics
 
History Notes on the Famine
History Notes on the FamineHistory Notes on the Famine
History Notes on the Famine
 
History Notes on the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions
History Notes on the Industrial and Agricultural RevolutionsHistory Notes on the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions
History Notes on the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions
 
History Notes on the Age of Revolutions
History Notes on the Age of RevolutionsHistory Notes on the Age of Revolutions
History Notes on the Age of Revolutions
 
History Notes - The Plantations
History Notes - The PlantationsHistory Notes - The Plantations
History Notes - The Plantations
 

Recently uploaded

DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...AKSHAYMAGAR17
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxBBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxProf. Kanchan Kumari
 
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...gdgsurrey
 
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudLEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in PharmacyASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in PharmacySumit Tiwari
 
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17Celine George
 
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfPHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfSumit Tiwari
 
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study Jitendra bhargav
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study  Jitendra bhargavPOST ENCEPHALITIS case study  Jitendra bhargav
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study Jitendra bhargavJitendra Bhargav
 
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandThe OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandDr. Sarita Anand
 
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSDLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSTeacherNicaPrintable
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchRushdi Shams
 
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderEDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...Sandy Millin
 
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdfArti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdfwill854175
 
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptxAlamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptxDhatriParmar
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptxGOWSIKRAJA PALANISAMY
 

Recently uploaded (20)

DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
DNA and RNA , Structure, Functions, Types, difference, Similarities, Protein ...
 
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community CollLEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
LEAD5623 The Economics of Community Coll
 
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 8pptx.pptx
 
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY - PARTICIPATORY - JENKINS.pptx
 
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptxBBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
BBA 205 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT I.pptx
 
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
Certification Study Group - Professional ML Engineer Session 3 (Machine Learn...
 
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced StudLEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
LEAD6001 - Introduction to Advanced Stud
 
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in PharmacyASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
ASTRINGENTS.pdf Pharmacognosy chapter 5 diploma in Pharmacy
 
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
How to Customise Quotation's Appearance Using PDF Quote Builder in Odoo 17
 
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdfPHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
PHARMACOGNOSY CHAPTER NO 5 CARMINATIVES AND G.pdf
 
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study Jitendra bhargav
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study  Jitendra bhargavPOST ENCEPHALITIS case study  Jitendra bhargav
POST ENCEPHALITIS case study Jitendra bhargav
 
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita AnandThe OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
 
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYSDLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
DLL Catch Up Friday March 22.docx CATCH UP FRIDAYS
 
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better ResearchResearch Methodology and Tips on Better Research
Research Methodology and Tips on Better Research
 
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational LeaderEDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
EDD8524 The Future of Educational Leader
 
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
2024.03.16 How to write better quality materials for your learners ELTABB San...
 
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdfArti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
Arti Languages Pre Seed Send Ahead Pitchdeck 2024.pdf
 
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptxAlamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
Alamkara theory by Bhamaha Indian Poetics (1).pptx
 
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research MethodologyANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
ANOVA Parametric test: Biostatics and Research Methodology
 
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptxUNIT I  Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
UNIT I Design Thinking and Explore.pptx
 

Rock types and their Formation

  • 2. Recapping from Junior Cert… _____________ are formed from hot volcanic material that has cooled down – two examples are __________ and _______________. ________________ rocks are formed from particles of animal or plant remains, or other rocks. Examples include _______________ and ______________. _________________ rocks are rocks that are changed by great _____ or ___________. Examples include ____________ and _______________.
  • 4. Igneous rocks  Formed underground (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive)  Two basic intrusive types  Plutonic – formed deep underground, with large crystals. Example – Granite of Wicklow Mountains  Hypabassal – formed close to the surface, smaller crystals. Example – Dolerite of Co. Antrim.  One extrusive type  Basalt (Giant’s Causeway)
  • 5. Hypabassal Dolerite – Fair Head sill Formed close to the surface, has an appearance like Basalt. Crystals are small.
  • 6. Plutonic Igneous Rock - Granite Contains many crystals due to slow cooling underground as it was formed. Found in the Dublin & Wicklow mountains (Batholith)
  • 8. Definitions & Examples Extrusive ____________________________________________ Example of Extrusive rock ______________________________ Intrusive ____________________________________________ Hypabassal __________________________________________ Example of Hypabassal Rock ____________________________ Plutonic _____________________________________________ Example of Plutonic Rock _______________________________
  • 13. Sedimentary rock - formation  Key words and phrases  Accumulation – build up of Strata (layers) of particles  Compaction – squashing of layers together  Cementation – glueing together of particles  Lithification – the process of changing sedimentation into stone
  • 14. Sedimentary Rock types  Organically formed from dead plant/animal material (e.g. Coal, Limestone, Chalk)  Inorganically formed – from particles of other rocks (e.g. Sandstone, Mudstone)  Chemically formed (less common) – formed from evaporation of sea water, leaving the salts behind (e.g. Gypsum, Rocksalt)
  • 15. Gypsum – a chemically formed sedimentary rock (from seawater evaporating)
  • 16. Sediments laid down – a salt pan
  • 17. Metamorphic Rocks – P 68  Three types:  Thermal (rocks changed by intense heat – e.g. Quartzite (thermal metamorphism of Sandstone, Sugar Loaf Mountain)  Dynamic Metamorphism – (rocks changed by pressure – e.g. Shale into slate)  Regional Metamorphism – (rocks changed over a long time and over a large area, being slowly “cooked” to form new rocks e.g. Gneiss. Found in N. Scotland, NW Ireland and Canada)
  • 20. Slate used as a roofing material
  • 23. Rock Cycle – P 62  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7YQ5vwaL98  The process by which rocks are constantly “recycled” by the natural processes of the Earth.
  • 27. Tara Mines – Case Study
  • 28. Case Study - Tara Zinc and Lead mines  An important Primary Economic Activity in the GDA (Greater Dublin Area)  At Tara Mines people interact with the Rock Cycle in many different ways  Constructing Shaft Mines  Working on new methods to extract ore  Inventing safe methods to dispose of mining waste  Developing transport systems to move ore to the market
  • 30. Zinc and Lead - uses  Zinc  Used in alloys for car manufacture  Galvanising  Dietary supplements  Batteries  Lead  Soldering  Bullets  Batteries
  • 32. Tara Mines – ore extraction
  • 33. Tara Mines – stope and pillar mining
  • 35. Tara Mines  Largest Zinc Mine in Europe, 5th largest in the world  Ore (rock that contains the metals) is extracted at Navan, shipped to refineries in Finland and Norway  The ore was formed approx 350 million years ago between layers of carboniferous limestone, now lies 500 to 900m below surface  “Stope and Pillar” mining is used (see p 66)  Rock is crushed to a powder, mixed with water and chemicals to remove the metals from the rock  Waste water is toxic, needs to be treated carefully
  • 37. Tara Mines - Environment  Mining is potentially very dangerous for environment  Sediments and chemicals used are vulnerable to transport by wind – can get blown onto crops, towns, people  Since 1997 improvements have been made at the mine to improve the local environment  Waste water treated by natural bacteria  Landscaping in local area  Restoration of tailings pond (where sediments are allowed to settle)  Constant monitoring for pollution
  • 38. LC Exam Question on mining (2009)  Discuss, with reference to one of the following, how humans interact with the rock cycle (30 marks)  Mining  Extraction of building materials  Oil / Gas exploitation  Geothermal energy production Marking Scheme  Interaction identified: 2 marks  Discussion: 14 x SRPs  Give credit for up to two examples of location.
  • 39. LC Exam Question 2009 Examine, with reference to examples from Ireland, the formation of sedimentary rocks. [30m] Marking Scheme  Name two sedimentary rocks: 2 + 2 marks  Name two associated Irish locations: 2 + 2 marks  Examination: 11 x SRPs  Give credit for 1 SRP for diagram without annotation.  Give credit for extra labelling in diagram from Examination SRPs.  Allow treatment of up to 3 rocks in examination.  At least 3 SRPs for treatment of second sedimentary rock  If description only –2 x SRPs max