Working Wikily SSIR Presentation

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Social Change with a Network Mindset
Stanford Nonprofit Management Institute
Oct. 7, 2009
Heather McLeod Grant
heather_grant@monitor.com
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
Zurich

Who is the Monitor Institute?
We are…
part consulting firm, drawing on the talents of our own dedicated team and the resources of the global professional services firm, Monitor Group.
part think tank, analyzing and anticipating important shifts in the rapidly changing context that leaders must navigate.
part incubatorof new approaches. We work with clients and partners to test and prove new models for social impact.

How can Networks Accelerate Social Impact?
In partnership with the David & Lucile Packard Foundation, Monitor Institute explored the role of social networks and social media in the non-profit sector

Theory: Building Our Knowledge (IP)
Convened Experts
Scanned Literature
Scanning Environment
Network Resources Inventory
Case
Study Research
ToolsandTraining
Blog

Action: Pilot Projects
Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) Networks
Nitrogen Wiki
Mapping Networks in Salinas
Network Effectiveness (ONE) Support
Farm Bill Network Mapping

Monitor Institute’s Network Practice
Publications: “Working Wikily 2.0”
Knowledge
Building
Blog: workingwikily.net
Membership Organizations Research
Capacity
Building
& CoPs
Net Effectiveness Working Sessions
Network of Network Funders COP
Client
Service
Integration of Net Effectiveness into TMI toolkit
Projects with Monitor Institute clients

Objectives for Today’s Presentation
Share network frameworks and tools that we’ve developed
Use brief “case studies” to illustrate network approaches
Help you be more effective in your networks

What are Networks?
Groups of individuals or organizations connected through meaningful relationships.

We’re most Interested in Networks With…
Many participants
Ability to self-organize
Fueled by new technologies
Collaborative mindset and behaviors
Source of photo: http://www.midnightpoutine.ca/archives/flashmob1.jpg

Networks Have Been Around Forever…

New Technologies for Sharing Content…
…New Online Spaces for Building Relationships

Advances in Our Understanding of Networks…
“If someone tells you that you can influence 1,000 people, it changes your way of seeing the world.”
Dr. James Fowler

…Combined with Established Group Processes

“Working Wikily” = With a Network Mindset
“… wikis and other social media tools are engendering a new, networked mindset—a way of working wikily—that is characterized by principles of openness, transparency, decentralized decision-making, and distributed action. "
- Working Wikily 2.0

What Do We Mean by “Working Wikily”?
Established Ways of Working
Working Wikily
Decentralized
Loosely controlled
Emergent
Open, shared
Relational
Two-way
conversations
Centralized
Firmly controlled
Planned
Proprietary
Transactional
One-way
communications
Where are you? The answer will be different for different situations

Obama Used Networks to Mobilize 13 M Supporters
“One of my fundamental beliefs…is that real change comes from the bottom up. And there’s no more powerful tool for grass-roots organizing than the Internet.”
Barack Obama

His Administration is Experimenting with Gov. 2.0
“We live in an age of democratic experimentation — both in our official institutions and in the many informal ways in which the public is consulted”
James Fishkin, Stanford political scientist
Source: Whitehouse.gov; NY Times

250K Individuals Coordinated Protests
“Ordinary folks are using the power of the Internet to organize. In the old days, organizing large groups of people required an organization. Now people can coordinate themselves.”
Wall Street Journal, April 15, 2009

Twitter “Emboldened” Iranian Election Protesters
“If anyone had questions about the power of citizen media, those questions were answered by the Iran protests.”
HamidTehrani (Iran editor for Global Voices)
Source: ethanzuckerman.com/blog Twitter, youTube Time Magazine

We’re Witnessing the Death of Old Models…
“While newspaper circulation has long been in decline, the latest figures show the drop is accelerating…Weekday circulation declined 7.1% for the six months that ended March 31, compared with the previous year.”
New York Times, April 27,2009

…And New Models Are Emerging

The Way Our Work Gets Done Is Changing

Nonprofits Need to Find Ways to Work Wikily
Increasing Number of Nonprofits
Many Nonprofits Not at Scale
More Competition for Resources
82% of Nonprofits operate on less than $1M in budget
Center for Nonprofits ‘07
Networks are one answer for increasing scale, efficiency, coordination, and impact
Source: “Index of National Fundraising Performance, 2009 First Calendar Quarter Results”, Target Analytics, 2009, Alliance Trends

Networks Can Address Diverse Challenges
Working Wikily Potential
Problem
Isolation
Unmet needs
Lack of power
Duplication and fragmentation of effort
Lack of shared knowledge
Untapped talent and wisdom
Suboptimal impact and challenges with growth
Build community
Engage people
Advocate for policy change
Coordinate resources and services
Develop and share knowledge
Innovate
Get to scale

Build Community
2008:
162 Countries
400,000 Ministers / Priests
1980:
205 Members

Engage People
2008: 400,000 Volunteers in
104 Countries
1985:
Single-site Effort in US

Advocate for Policy Change
2009: 5+ Million Members
1998: Email to
100 friends

Coordinate Resources and Services
Total Loans
2009: $66 million
Total Loans
2006: $1 million

Develop and Share Knowledge
14 Countries
1,300 Trained Volunteers
Interagency Program
Integrated Fire Management

Innovate
“Open Sourcing Social Solutions”
Internal, Proprietary
R&D Labs

- EGYPT-
Get to Scale
…transformingcommunities through collaborations to address root causes of poverty and homelessness
Typical HFH country programs produce 200 houses each year
In Egypt, HFH builds 1,000 houses a year, on average
Source: Jane Wei-Skillern and Kerry Herman, “Habitat for Humanity—Egypt,” Harvard Business School Cases, October 3, 2006.

Quick Conversations Exercise
Turn to your neighbor and share:
A personal network I’m part of and purpose. . .
A network I’ve worked with professionally. . .
My biggest questions are…
Source: June Holley

Understanding Networks
Source: orgnet

A Typology of Organizing Structures
Centralized
Nonprofit organizations (withoutnetwork structure)
Membership organizations
Nonprofits with explicit network structure
Coalition / Alliance
Networks of networks
Ad hoc networks
Decentralized
Note: These categories often overlap. Most of the examples fit in to multiple categories.
Developed from: Plastrik and Taylor, “Net Gains,” (2006); Patti Anklam, “Net Work,” (2007); Krebs and Holley. “Building Smart Communities,” (2006).
Source: orgnet

How Do Movements and Campaigns Relate to Networks?
Movement
Campaign
Network
A large, informal grouping that brings people together around shared values, and provides strategy and structure for collective action
An organized effort which attempts to persuade others to change certain ideas, attitudes, practices, or behavior
Groups of individuals or organizations connected through meaningful relationships
Choose Justice:
Campaign to Protect Roe
Pro-Choice Movement
Sources: Movement def’n- LokmanTsui on Marshall Ganz (www.lokman.org). Campaign def’n- Kotter Philip, Ned Roberto and Nancy Lee. Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life. Movement image - commondreams.org. Network graphics: orgnet.com

Periphery
Cluster
Link
Node
Core
Hub
A Few Helpful Definitions
Source: Monitor Institute

Social Network Analysis
Sociograms
Anthropologists in 30s
Sociologists & Teachers in the 50s
Source: June Holley

Network Mapping can be Low-Tech…
Source: June Holley

…Or More High-Tech

What’s Possible from Network Analysis?
Visualize the network: see connections
Make visible network resources, flow
Spark a conversation among participants
Diagnose the “health” of a network
Assess change in network over time
Source: June Holley

Salinas Network Mapping Pilot

Network by Organization Type
Government
Foundation
Non-Profit
For-Profit
School
Unknown
Religious
Other
Maps Were Used to Analyze the Network
A map of the different networks shows fairly loose connections

Barr’s Green and Healthy Building Network: 2005
Source: Barr Foundation “Green and Healthy Building Network Case Study” by Beth Tener, Al Neirenberg, Bruce Hoppe

The Green and Healthy Building Network: 2007
Source: Barr Foundation “Green and Healthy Building Network Case Study” by Beth Tener, Al Neirenberg, Bruce Hoppe

Network Diagnosis:Characteristics of Healthy Networks

Characteristics of Healthy Networks: Overview
Value
Clearly articulated give and get for participants
Delivers value/ outcomes to participants
Trust
Diversity
High engagement
Participation
Form
Balance of top-down and bottom-up logic
Space for self-organized action
Leadership
Leadership with “network mindset”
Distributed leadership
Connection
Strategic communications
Ample shared space: on-line and in-person
Capacity
Ability surface & tap network talent
Model for sustainability
Learning & Adaptation
Learning-capture
Ability to gather and act on feedback
Helpful Sources: M. Kearns and K. Showalter; J. Holley and V. Krebs; P. Plastrik and M. Taylor; J. W. Skillern; C. Shirky

Leading with a Network Mindset

How is Network Leadership Different?
Network
Leadership
Organizational
Leadership
Role, behavior
Collective
Facilitation
Emergent
Relational, connected
Bottom-up
Process-oriented
Position, authority
Individual
Control
Directive
Transactional
Top-down
Action-oriented
What would it take for you to work more wikily?

Network Leadership Roles
Organizer
Establishes value proposition(s)
Establishes first links to participants
Funder
Provides initial resources for organizing the network
Weaver
Works to increase connections among participants
May focus on growing the network by connecting to new participants
Can be multiple people with formal and informal roles
Facilitator / Coordinator
Helps participants to undertake collective action
Ensures flow of information and other resources
Technology Steward
Facilitates the network use of online technology to learn, coordinate, connect or share information together
Sources: Peter Plastrik and Madeleine Taylor, Net Gains (2006); Beth Kanter; Stephanie Lowell , Building the Field of Dreams (2007); White, Wenger, and Smith, Digital Habitats (2009)

What is the Work of Network Leadership?
Convene diverse people and groups
Engage network participants
Generate collective action
Broker connections and bridge difference
Build social capital – emphasize trust
Nurture self-organization
Genuinely participate
Leverage technology
Create, and protect network ‘space’
Source: Adapted from Net Work by Patti Anklam (2007) and “Vertigo and the Intentional Inhabitant: Leadership in a Connected World” by Bill Traynor (2009)
Source of picture: flickr

A Few Challenges Faced by Network Leaders
Unlearning past behaviors and frameworks
Engaging and inspiring network participants
Letting go of control
Determining network boundaries
Dealing with information overload
Making the case; measuring success
Learning and leveraging new technologies
Source of images: Cut Throat Communications, Blog.com, Rutgers University RU FAIR, Kodaikanal International School, flickr

Quick Conversations Exercise
Turn to your neighbor and share:
Would any of these tools be valuable to help you understand your networks?
How might you contribute to developing or leading a network?
What are the barriers to working more wikily?

How Can you Begin to Make the Shift?
Established Ways of Working
Working Wikily
Decentralized
Loosely controlled
Emergent
Open, shared
Relational
Two-way
conversations
Centralized
Firmly controlled
Planned
Proprietary
Transactional
One-way
communications
What would it take for you to work more wikily?

Eight Lessons We’re Learning
Design your experiments around a problem, not the tools
Experiment a lot, make only new mistakes
Set appropriate expectations for time and effort required
Prioritize human elements like trust and fun
Understand your position within networks
Push power to the edges
Balance bottom-up and top-down strategies
Be open and transparent

So, Whether You’re Launching New Networks…
Mom’s rising is new organization designed using network principles:
open, flat, flexible, collaborative, adaptive, fast

…or Transforming Old Organizations…
AJLI: an older organization using network principles to transform itself

The Choice is Yours
Board
Executive
Director
VP
VP
VP
Manager
Manager
Manager
Manager
Manager
Manager
Manager
Manager
MEMBERS

Thank You!
Additional Resources:
Networks Resources page on blog
Barr Foundation
IISC - collaboration
Leadership Learning Community
Thinkers: Clay Shirky, Marshall Ganz, Peter Plastrik & Madeline Taylor, Bill Trainer, June Holley, Marty Kearns, etc.
Beth’s Blog
www.beth@typepad.org
WeAreMedia training
N-Ten, TechSoup, Net-Squared
Case Foundation
New Organizing Institute
Personal Democracy Forum
Blog (twitter):
www.workingwikily.net
Stanford Continuing
Studies, Winter ’10
Website:
www.monitorinstitute.com

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Working Wikily SSIR Presentation

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