4. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Contents
1. Home Safety Checklist 1
2. Slips, Trips, and Falls at Home 7
3. Fire Safety 11
4. Electrical Safety 14
5. Accidental Poisoning 16
6. Food Safety 19
7. Choking 21
8. Drowning 23
9. Playground Safety 25
10. Toy Safety 30
11. Sports Safety 32
12. Sun Protection 34
13. Water Safety 41
14. Traffic Safety 45
15. First Aid Basics 51
5. Home Safety Checklist
C omplete the following checklist at minimum twice a year
to help you identify the hazards in your home. Read each
question carefully and then mark your answers. You should
answer YES to aII 10 questions for each room. If you can’t your
home contains some unnecessary hazards. Start correcting them
immediately.
Living room, family room, and bedroom
1. Are heavy traffic areas well-lit and are there
night-lights in the bedrooms of children and seniors? yes no
2. Are traffic areas and exits free of furniture,
obstructions, and other tripping hazards? yes no
3. Is a lamp within easy reach of each bed? yes no
4. Do area rugs have nonskid backings? yes no
5. Have you removed all area rugs at the top of stairs? yes no
6. Are electrical wall outlets for lamps and appliances
plentiful? yes no
7. Do you use large, deep ashtrays and never smoke in
bed or when you are drowsy? yes no
8. Are furnishings, drapes and other combustible
materials positioned safely away from open flames and
other heat sources? yes no
9. Are smoke detectors or similar devices in place to alert
occupants in case of fire and do you have a family fire
escape plan? yes no
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6. Off-Job Safety Booklet
10. Are all glass doors taped or otherwise made obvious? yes no
Stairways
1. Are stairs well-lit at the top and bottom? yes no
2. Are handrails for outside steps and inside stairways
sturdy? yes no
3. Are there sturdy banisters on open stairs, stairwells
and balconies? yes no
4. Do you avoid using stairways as temporary storage
areas? yes no
5. Are children’s toys kept off the stairs? yes no
6. Are children prohibited from using the stairway as a
play area? yes no
7. Are treads, nosings (the front of the stair tread) and
carpeting in good repair? yes no
8. Are carpets on the stairway, as well as at the top and
bottom of the stairs, securely anchored? yes no
9. Do you always maintain an unobstructed view when
using the stairs? yes no
10. Are all stairway lights in working order? yes no
Kitchen
1. Are your stove and sink areas well-lit? yes no
2. Do you wipe up spills immediately? yes no
3. Is your kitchen adequately wired to safely operate
electrical appliances, and do you dry your hands
before using an electrical appliance? yes no
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7. 4. Do you keep pot handles away from the stove front
and other burners, and do you use pot holders,
always making sure they are dry? yes no
5. Do you use a stool or stepladder when reaching into
high cupboards? yes no
6. Do you store sharp knives in a special rack,
compartment, or tray? yes no
7. Do you keep household cleaners, disinfectants, and
insecticides in their original containers, separate from
food and out of the reach of children? yes no
8. Are emergency phone numbers (security, fire, doctor,
utilities, veterinarian) posted near the phone? yes no
9. Do you avoid wearing loose, flowing clothes around
heat sources? yes no
10. Do you know never to pour water on a grease fire? yes no
Bathroom
1. Do bathtubs and showers have nonskid mats, decals,
or textured surfaces? yes no
2. Do you ensure that electrical appliances are never
used in or near the bathtub? yes no
3. Do you replace cracked or frayed electrical appliances
and extension cords? yes no
4. Are medicines clearly labeled and do you always read
the label before taking any medication? yes no
5. Are medicines, cosmetics, and other personal
hygiene products stored safely out of the reach of
children? yes no
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8. Off-Job Safety Booklet
6. Are night-lights located in bathrooms used by
children and seniors? yes no
7. Do you always supervise small children when they
are bathing? yes no
8. Do you avoid using aerosols near open flames or
when smoking? yes no
9. Do you keep towels and shower curtains safely away
from heaters? yes no
10. Do you store razors, scissors, and other sharp
objects safely out of the reach of small children? yes no
Utility room
1. Do you know where your main gas and water valves
are located and how to close them? yes no
2. Are gas and water lines tagged so they can be
identified quickly and easily? yes no
3. Do you know how to light the pilot light on a gas
stove or water heater? yes no
4. Do you know where your main electrical switch is
and how to turn it off? yes no
5. Are fuses or circuit breakers labeled to identify the
outlets and fixtures they protect? yes no
6. Can you determine what caused a fuse to blow
before replacing it and do you keep extra fuses on
hand? yes no
7. Are electrical appliances properly grounded? yes no
8. Are cleaning fluids, drain openers, ammonia, and
similar items stored out of the reach of children? yes no
4
9. 9. Do you discard trash properly? yes no
10. Do you store combustible chemicals and materials
away from heat sources? yes no
Workshop, garage, and driveway
1. Is your workshop well-ventilated and are work areas
well-lit? yes no
2. Do you always use the proper tool for the job and
promptly discard and replace broken or badly worn
tools? yes no
3. Do you keep tools out of the reach of small
children? yes no
4. Are extension cords appropriate for the wattage
of the tool for which they are intended? yes no
5. Are tools properly grounded and are they
disconnected or switches locked when not in use? yes no
6. Do you wear safety glasses when drilling, sanding,
or performing other eye-threatening work? yes no
7. Is your garage well-lit and switches located at the
doors? yes no
8. Is your garage in order, with tools in place and
flammable liquids stored in safety cans? yes no
9. Do you keep the garage door open when running
the car engine? yes no
10. Do you check the area around the car before
backing up? yes no
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10. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Outside
1. Are garden tools returned to their storage racks
after use? yes no
2. Do you get help when performing heavy lifting or
difficult jobs? yes no
3. Are broken walkways and driveways repaired
promptly? yes no
4. Do you keep children and pets at a safe distance
when you mow the lawn? yes no
5. Do you shut off the mower when cleaning,
adjusting, or emptying the grass catcher? yes no
6. Do you refuel your lawn mower when the motor
is cold? yes no
7. Do you maintain your ladders by replacing loose
rungs, worn ladder shoes, and frayed ropes on
extension ladders and do you store ladders out of
the reach of children? yes no
8. Are children’s swings, slides, and other outdoor
play toys maintained in safe condition? yes no
9. Is your yard free of broken glass, nail-studded
boards, and other litter? yes no
10. Do you use extra care when installing window
screens using a ladder, especially in windy
weather? yes no
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11. Slips, Trips, and Falls
at Home
E very year, slips, trips, and falls
result in many off-job injuries;
some of these injuries can be
serious enough to land you in the
emergency room.
Prevent slips, trips, and falls by identifying and correcting the
hazards associated with these incidents.
Start at the front door
• Make sure that there’s a contrast in
color and texture of flooring to help
accentuate height.
Make a living room livable
• Place throw rugs over rug-liners or choose rugs with nonskid
backs to reduce the chance of slipping.
• Avoid placing shag rugs, as they can cause falls by getting caught
on shoes.
• Arrange furniture so that they provide open pathways, clear of
obstructions.
• Avoid having glass tables, which can be especially dangerous
should you trip and fall into one. Instead, choose sturdy wooden
tables with rounded corners.
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12. Off-Job Safety Booklet
• Keep your living room floor tidy
from things you can trip over like
toys, tools, or books.
• Secure all telephone and electrical
cords out of walkways.
Step in and out of bathrooms safely
• Install handrails near your bath, shower, and toilet.
• Use nonslip mats in the bathroom; a bathmat on the floor, and an
appropriate mat or adhesive safety strips or decals in the bathtub
or shower.
• Always keep your bathroom floor clean and dry by wiping up wet
floors immediately.
• Use a soap dish to keep soap and other items off the bathtub or
shower floor.
• Remove soap buildup regularly from bathtubs or showers to
prevent slipping.
Keep the kitchen safe for
cooking
• Wipe up spills immediately.
• Always use appropriate
stepladders or stools when
reaching items stored in high
cabinets or on high shelves.
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13. Going up or down the stairs
safely
• Keep staircases well-lit with light
switches installed at the top and the
bottom.
• Ensure that handrails are installed on
all stairways and steps.
• Install safety gates at the top and bottom of the stairs if you have
small children.
• Keep stairways clear of clutter and never use the stairs as
temporary storage or for displaying decorative items.
• Avoid placing throw rugs at the top, bottom, or on the staircase.
• Make sure all rugs have skid-resistant backing and the edges are
held down with carpet tape.
• Check your stairs regularly for worn or loose carpeting or
protruding carpet tacks, and to ensure that all steps are in good
condition.
• Install antislip tread if your steps have a smooth surface, to
provide safer traction.
• Always hold onto handrails when going up or down the stairs.
• Avoid carrying vision blocking loads. Carry a small enough load
so you can see where you are stepping and to easily keep one
hand free to hold onto the handrail.
• Always remember to go slow — rushing or running on stairs is
asking for a fall.
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14. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Using ladders safely
• Only use a ladder that is in
good condition. If your ladder
has any defects, have it fixed or
replaced immediately.
• Set a straight or extension
ladder at a 4:1 slope (i.e., for
every 4 m height, set the ladder
at a 1 m distance from the
structure) and ensure it is stable
before climbing up.
• Set the ladder up on a firm, level footing. Have three points of
contact on the ladder — two hands and one foot, or two feet
and one hand while climbing; and two feet and one hand while
working. Ask someone to hold the ladder steady.
• Avoid overreaching. Use a ladder appropriate for the height you
are trying to reach.
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15. Fire Safety
F ire poses a serious threat to everyone in your home. These
basic preventive measures can help you minimize the risk of fire
and related injuries:
• Ensure the electrical wiring in
your home is installed properly
and in good condition.
• Never overload electrical
circuits. Be cautious when using
extension cords and multiple
sockets.
• Frequently examine electric
heaters, cooking equipment,
and other appliances to ensure
that they are in good operating
condition. Replace frayed cords
and broken or loose plugs.
• Store oily cloths safely away from heat sources in closed metal
containers. Discard trash promptly.
• Store flammable liquids in containers
specifically designed and approved for
this use. Keep containers safely away
from heat sources.
• Keep appropriate fire extinguishers in
your home and know how to use them
properly.
• Install smoke detectors on every floor of your home, especially
outside bedrooms, and make sure they’re properly maintained.
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16. Off-Job Safety Booklet
• Never smoke in bed! It’s the number one cause of fire-related
fatalities. Make sure that ashtrays are large and deep, and that
cigarette butts are fully extinguished.
• Develop an escape plan in case you have to evacuate the house in
a fire, and make sure that every family member knows the proper
evacuation procedures. Designate a meeting place outside so
that you can easily determine if all your family members escaped
safely. Remind family members to never go back inside a burning
building no matter what.
• If you live in a multi-story house, make sure there’s an escape
route out of upstairs windows.
• Post the phone number of the local fire department near all
telephones in your home and make sure that every member of the
family knows how to report a fire.
Kitchen fire
Kitchen or grease fires are a leading cause of home fires. Take these
steps to avoid them:
• Never leave cooking unattended.
• Keep appliances clean.
• Wear close-fitting clothing when you’re cooking.
• Heat oil slowly — prefer to use temperature-controlled frying
pans.
• Turn pot handles in.
• Don’t overload electrical outlets.
• Only use microwave safe utensils and cookware in microwave
ovens.
• Keep combustibles away from the stove.
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17. Despite your best safety
efforts, a fire in your kitchen
may still start. If so, follow
these actions to put it out:
• Smother a grease fire — never
put water on a cooking fire! If
a cooking pan catches fire, turn
off the burner, put on an oven
mitt, and slide an appropriate
size lid onto the pan. If food in the oven catches fire, keep the
door shut and turn the oven off. If the fire doesn’t go out, call
the fire department.
• Keep the microwave door shut — if a fire starts in your
microwave, keep the door shut and turn off the appliance, then
unplug it. If you open the door, you will feed oxygen to the fire,
making it burn more.
• Use a fire extinguisher if necessary — make sure you know
how to use it before a fire starts. A multipurpose class A:B:C
extinguisher is best for kitchen use.
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18. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Electrical Safety
E lectricity is an essential part of our daily life. It’s so
commonplace that at times we forget the different hazards
that it can cause. Follow these simple rules to ensure electrical
safety at home:
• Never force a plug into an outlet if
it doesn’t fit properly.
• Put safety covers on all unused
outlets accessible to children.
• Don’t plug too many extension or
appliance cords into one outlet.
• Make sure outlets don’t have
loose-fitting plugs, which can
overheat and cause a fire.
• Make sure wall plates are on every
outlet and are in good condition.
• Make sure that outlets and switch plates are not hot to touch.
• Don’t nail or staple cords to the wall, baseboard, or any other
object.
• Inspect electrical cords regularly to make sure they’re in good
condition.
• Extension cords should only be used on a temporary basis, never
in place of permanent wiring.
• Turn off electrical equipment before unplugging it; never use wet
hands to remove a plug.
• Unplug electrical equipment by firmly grasping the plug itself,
never by pulling the cord.
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19. • Never carry household appliances by the cord.
• Keep all electrical appliances away from water.
• Use the proper wattage and type of bulb for each light fixture and
ensure that the bulb is screwed in securely.
• Install ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) in wet locations or
near a water source (e.g., in the bathroom and kitchen). GFCIs are
used to help prevent shocks, burns, electrocutions, and fires by
automatically shutting off when the circuit is interrupted.
• Make sure light fixtures (e.g., table or floor lamps) are off
whenever a room will remain unoccupied for an extended time
period.
• Make sure space heaters are positioned at least 1 m away from
combustible materials, such as bedding, clothing, curtains, and
rugs.
• Make sure portable heaters are plugged directly into an outlet not
into an extension cord and are turned off and unplugged when
not in use.
• For outdoor use, make sure extension cords are marked for
outdoor use and rated for the power needs of your tools.
• Keep outdoor electrical outlets covered and dry.
• Make sure electrical outlets around pools, ponds, and hot tubs are
equipped with GFCIs.
• Know where underground electrical lines are located on your
property.
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20. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Accidental Poisoning
E ach year many people are accidentally poisoned. The causes of
poisoning often vary according to age. Children younger than
6 years of age, for example, are at a greater risk of being poisoned
by household cleaners or products because they are curious and like
to put things in their mouths. Older adults who take medication are
poisoned by taking too much of a medication, the wrong kind, or
a mixture of medication. Here are ways to help poison-proof your
home room by room.
Bathroom
• Place all medication inside childproof
cabinets that lock.
• Keep cosmetics and other bathroom
products, such as mouthwash, away
from children’s reach.
• Use child-resistant caps and keep
medication lids tightly closed.
• Never take medication in front of a
child or refer to it as candy. Children
often mimic adult actions.
• Always follow the doctor’s
recommended dosage or the dosage
on the label.
• Never give medication to your child in the dark; you may give the
wrong dosage or even the wrong medication.
• Keep medicines in their original containers to prevent the wrong
medication being taken by mistake.
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21. • Discard old and outdated
medicines by flushing them
down the toilet.
Bedroom
• Keep personal care items, such as hair sprays, perfume, and nail
polish removers, away from children’s reach.
• Keep mothballs and crystals in child-resistant containers.
• Only allow children to use toys and art supplies that are nontoxic
and lead free.
Living room
• Visitors may carry medications in coat pockets, jackets, and
purses; make sure to hang garments and store purses out of
children’s reach.
• Make sure items used in your home are lead free.
• Know the properties of all indoor and outdoor plants. Remove any
poisonous plants from your home and garden.
Kitchen
• Never store cleaning products and food in the same area.
• Store cleaning products in locked cabinets away from the sight
and reach of children.
• Keep all cleaning products in their original containers.
• Never remove product labels. They contain important safety and
emergency information.
• Never leave opened cleaning products unattended.
• Always return a product to its proper storing place after use and
make sure that you close it properly.
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22. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Garage
• Store all hazardous products, such as pesticides, lawn chemicals,
paint and paint thinners, and automotive products, on high
shelves or locked cabinets away from children’s reach.
Keeping seniors safe from
poisoning
• Make sure that the older
members of your family
always turn on the light
when taking medication at
night and double-check the
doctor’s instructions for the
appropriate dosage.
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23. Food Safety
T he potential for bacterial contamination is what makes eating
out in restaurants a safety concern. Food can be contaminated
with harmful bacteria if it has contact with:
• Pests (flies, rats, etc.).
• People with poor hygiene.
• Contaminated tools (e.g., when
the same cutting board is used
for both raw and cooked food
without being thoroughly
washed in between).
• Foods that are contaminated (e.g., when juice from thawing
chicken drips onto salad greens).
• Food that’s not kept at the right temperature (e.g., food that has
been left at room temperature for more than two hours).
Here are some things to look for when choosing
where to eat out or buy ready-made food.
Danger signs
• Dirty public areas such as dirty toilets and bathrooms. If the areas
you can see are not clean and managed well, imagine the state of
the areas you cannot see.
• Dirty tables, crockery, cutlery, and glassware.
• Staff with dirty hands or fingernails, dirty aprons, or dirty hair that
is not tied back.
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24. Off-Job Safety Booklet
• Overflowing trash bins or bags full of trash outside the premises
that can attract pests and flies.
• Hair, insects, or other foreign objects in food.
Good signs
• Food that is very hot when served. Cold foods, such as salads, that
are properly cold when served.
• In open buffet, a fresh batch of food is brought out when a batch
is finished (an old batch of food should never be topped up with a
fresh one).
• Self-service fridges are properly cold.
• Staff hygiene training certificates posted on the walls or food
safety instructions posted in food preparation areas.
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25. Choking
W orldwide, thousands of children die of choking-related
deaths every year. These tragic deaths are often the result
of improper adult supervision. The best way to avoid choking is by
applying preventive measures.
Be aware of toys
• Pay close attention to the
age recommendations on the
package.
• Never let younger children play
with toys designated for older
children.
• Teach older children to put their toys away and out of the reach of
younger children.
• Make frequent checks around the house to make sure that toys
are safely put away. Remember to check under furniture and
between cushions.
• Never give a small child a small toy, including toys small enough
to fit through a 3 cm circle, toys that are smaller than 6 cm long,
small toy cars with removable rubber wheels, marbles, and small
balls.
Other dangerous items
• Keep coins, batteries, pens and caps, nails, rings, and other round
objects that can fit into a child’s mouth out of children’s reach.
• Never leave uninflated or inflated balloons where children can get
to them.
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26. Off-Job Safety Booklet
• Keep floors, tables, and cabinet tops free of small objects that
could be swallowed.
• When visiting family and
friends, inspect and remove
choking hazards before
allowing your child to
wander around.
Serve safe food
• Insist your child sits down when eating, preferably at the table.
• Encourage your child to eat slowly and chew his/her food well.
• Never feed your child in a moving vehicle and don’t let a child
suck on candies or eat food while lying down.
• When serving hotdogs, slice each one down lengthwise and then
cut it into small pieces.
• Cut meat into very small bite-size pieces.
• Slice round fruit like grapes into quarters.
• Cut raw vegetables into small pieces.
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27. Drowning
D rowning is a leading cause of death for children. A drowning
can happen very quickly and in very little water (3 to 5 cm).
Here are some guidelines you can follow to prevent your children
from drowning at home:
Bathtubs
• Never leave a baby alone
in the bathtub; always
keep the baby within
arm’s reach.
• Don’t leave a baby in the
care of another child.
• Never leave your baby
unattended to answer
the phone, door, or for
any other reason — not
even for a second. If you must leave, take the baby with you.
• Don’t rely on a bath seat as a substitute for proper supervision; it’s
only a bathing aid, not a safety device.
• Never use a baby bath seat in a nonskid, slip resistant bathtub
as the suction cups will not adhere to the bathtub surface or can
detach unexpectedly.
• Make sure to always drain the bathtub from water after each use.
Children can drown in very little water.
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28. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Buckets
• Never leave a bucket containing
even a small amount of liquid
unattended. When you have
finished using a bucket, empty it
immediately.
• Store buckets where children
cannot reach them.
Toilets
• Keep the toilet lid down and consider using a toilet latch to stop
young children from opening the lid. Better yet, keep bathroom
doors closed.
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29. Playground Safety
P laying at playgrounds promotes the healthy development
of children and gives them the opportunity to run, climb,
and explore with other children. However, many children visit
the emergency room every year because of playground-related
injuries. Here are some steps to help ensure children’s safety at
playgrounds.
Playground supervision
• Constantly supervise your child
at play.
• Make sure that your child plays
on age-appropriate equipment.
• Give on-the-scene instructions
for safe play and then reinforce
the instructions during
playtime.
• Stop horseplay and equipment misuse immediately.
Soft surfaces
• The fall zone (the area under and around the equipment where
a child falling from the equipment would land) should extend at
least 2 m in all directions from the edge of the equipment.
• The fall zone surface should be free of standing water, debris, and
sharp objects.
• The fall zone should be filled with loose-fill material that cushions
falls, such as sand and wood chips. Concrete, asphalt, and grass
are too hard to cushion falls.
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30. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Safe equipment
Swings
• They should be equipped with soft plastic seats, not metal
or wooden ones. Metal seats can get too hot in the summer
causing burns, while wooden seats can have splinters or sharp
components that can injure.
• Swings should be set far enough away from other equipment to
prevent hitting children.
• Each swing should support a
maximum of two seats spaced at
least 60 cm apart.
• Younger children should only
use full-bucket seats; half-bucket
seats are dangerous for babies
and toddlers because their small
bodies can slide out of them.
Slides
• Slides should be well anchored
and have firm handrails and good
traction on the steps.
• Each slide should have a bar at
the top to ensure that children sit
before they go down.
• No gaps should appear between
the slide itself and the platform.
• Children should not wear clothing with drawstrings, which can
get caught on slide parts.
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31. Seesaws
• Don’t allow children to use
adjustable seesaws with chains
because they can crush their hands
under the chain.
• Allow children to only use seesaws
that have a tire or some other
object under the seat to keep it
from hitting the ground.
Climbing equipment
• Children younger than 4 years should not be allowed to use
climbing equipment or horizontal ladders.
• Steps and handrails should be in good condition and guardrails or
barriers should surround raised platforms.
• Climbing ropes should be secured both at the top and bottom.
Special playground safety tips
• Inspect openings that can trap children (in guardrails or between
ladder rungs) to make sure they’re less than 9 cm or more than
23 cm apart.
• Make sure that guardrails surround all elevated platforms and are
at least 78 cm high.
• Remove exposed concrete footings, tree roots, or rocks that could
trip children.
• Make sure that there are no sharp edges and dangerous
hardware, like hooks and protruding bolts.
• Limit the number of children on each piece of equipment.
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32. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Safe playing rules
To avoid injuries that can result from unsafe behaviors, parents
must instruct and enforce these safe play rules.
Swinging
• Always sit in the center of the swing; never stand or kneel.
• Hold on with both hands.
• Stop the swing before getting off.
• Walk around the swing, but not too
close to the front or the back.
• Never allow a child to push another
child on the swing.
• Only one person per swing.
• Never swing empty swings; never
twist chains.
• Never put head and/or feet through exercise rings on the swing
sets.
Sliding
• Hold on with both hands as you go up
and down the steps; take one step at a
time.
• Never go up the sliding surface or the
frame.
• Keep at least one arm’s length from other
children.
• Slide down one child at a time, with feet
first and always sitting up.
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33. • Make sure no one is in front of the slide before sliding down.
• Wait your turn patiently, avoid pushing or shoving.
• Leave the bottom of the slide after you have taken your turn.
Seesawing
• Sit facing each other, not leaning back.
• Keep a firm hold with both hands.
• Never stand or run on the board.
• Keep feet out from underneath the
board as it descends.
Climbing
• Use both hands.
• Be careful when climbing down and watch out for others climbing
up.
• Avoid using the climbing equipment where there are too many
children.
• Start all from the same end of the equipment and move in the
same direction.
• Stay well behind the person in front and watch out for swinging
feet.
• Never use the climbing equipment when it is wet.
• Avoid speed contests or trying to cover too large a distance in one
move.
• Drop from the bars with knees slightly bent and land on both feet.
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34. Off-Job Safety Booklet
Toy Safety
P laying with toys is an essential part of every child’s life.
Unfortunately, some toys can be dangerous for children. Poorly
constructed toys or toys that are inappropriate for a child’s age and
maturity level can lead to injuries and even death. (Information on
how to prevent choking on toys can be found on page 21.)
• Look for good design and
quality construction in the toy
you buy.
• Choose a toy that is appropriate
for your child’s age and
maturity level and that is lead
free.
• Carefully inspect the toy before purchasing it. Make sure that
all toy parts are properly secured so no part can accidentally be
swallowed. Avoid toys that have small, removable parts that can
be swallowed.
• Consider the noise level of the toy. Some toys, such as pop guns,
can produce noise levels that can damage hearing.
• Before letting your child play with the new toy, discard all
accompanying plastic wrappers or bags. These pose a risk for
suffocation if children place them over their head.
• Check toys regularly to ensure that they are not damaged or pose
hazards. Throw away broken toys.
• Store toys in open, plastic crates or on low shelving units easily
accessible to children.
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35. • Toys that are used
outside should be stored
properly when children
finish playing with them.
A previously safe toy
can become dangerous
if damaged or rusted by
prolonged exposure to
moisture.
• Always supervise your child at all times even when he/she is
playing with a toy that is recommended for his/her age group.
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Sports Safety
G etting plenty of physical activity by being involved in sports
is important for children’s developing bodies and minds.
Parents can take steps to help ensure that their children avoid
sport-related injuries.
Use proper protective equipment
• Your child should wear properly fitting,
appropriate protective equipment and
safety gear designed for his/her sport.
• Choose protective equipment that has
been approved by a recognized authority
such as the U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission.
• Keep all equipment properly maintained
to ensure its effectiveness.
Play only in appropriate and safe areas
• Playing fields should be safe and well-maintained to avoid holes
and ruts that might cause injuries to kids from trips or falls.
• Each sport should be played
on the appropriate surface. For
example, high impact sports like
basketball must be played on
wooden basketball courts instead
of concrete and football must be
played on grass.
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37. Provide adequate adult supervision and commitment
to safety
• Select leagues and teams that value the importance of safety and
injury prevention during sports.
• Choose coaches trained and certified in Basic Life Support (BLS)
and First Aid.
• Enroll your child in a team with a coach who enforces safe playing
rules and requires the use of personal protective equipment.
Ensure proper preparation for the activity
• Make sure that children are matched in teams and types of sports
according to their skill level, size, and physical and emotional
maturity.
• Make sure your child is adequately prepared for the sport with
warm-up exercises and training sessions before participating in
actual competitive games.
• Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids before and after the
activity.
Ensure after-the-game precautions
• Cool down. Cooling down exercises will help
loosen the body’s muscles that have tightened
during sports.
• Injuries heal completely. If your child gets
injured during a game, minimize long-term
damage by allowing the affected area to heal
completely before participating in the sport again.
• Don’t rush. It’s important for your child to ease back into a
routine if he/she has been inactive for a long period of time.
For example, after a long summer break, children should begin
physical activity before their sport officially begins.
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Sun Protection
S taying cool in Saudi Arabia is more than a matter of comfort;
it’s also a safety concern. Every year, high temperatures put
people at risk for heat-related illnesses.
Protecting babies from the
heat
Babies need special care during
hot weather
• A tepid bath can help keep your
baby cool on a very hot day. The
water should be warm enough
to be comfortable; cool or cold
water should not be used.
• Dress your baby in light, comfortable clothing such as a singlet
or diaper. Make sure, however, that their bodies are completely
covered if out in the sun.
• Make sure that the room
temperature is comfortable but not
too cold if the air conditioning is
on.
• Avoid traveling with your baby in a
vehicle in hot weather, if possible.
If you must, travel early in the
day or in the evening. Babies can
overheat quickly in cars so keep
them in the shade as much as possible. Remember that babies’
skin can burn by sunlight passing through car windows. Never
leave a baby alone in a car.
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39. Prickly heat
Prickly heat is a rash of tiny red pin-head spots and tiny blisters that
commonly occurs on parts of the skin that remain moist, such as the
baby’s diaper area or under the chin. Protect your baby’s skin from
prickly heat by:
• Keeping the baby’s skin dry. For example, remove the baby’s
diaper from time to time to allow the skin to dry.
• Applying creams, such as zinc and cod-liver oil, on the affected
area of the baby’s skin.
• Changing the baby’s clothes more often and giving tepid baths.
Babies and the sun
A baby’s skin is thin and has not yet developed the natural protection
needed from the sun, making it more susceptible to burns and sun
damage. For protection from the sun:
• Keep your baby in the shade as much as possible.
• Cover your baby’s body, arms, and legs with clothing, and his/her
head with a wide-brimmed hat.
• Apply to your baby’s skin sunscreen made for babies or toddlers,
with sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15.
Dehydration
If babies don’t get enough to drink or they lose a lot of fluid through
diarrhea, vomiting, or sweating, they can become dehydrated. To
prevent dehydration:
• Provide breastfed babies with extra breast milk to meet their fluid
needs.
• Provide bottle-fed babies with extra drinks of cool, boiled water.
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Symptoms of dehydration in babies
• Appearing unwell.
• More irritable than usual.
• Weight loss.
• Dried skin.
• Sunken fontanel.
• Fewer wet diapers than usual.
Most babies can recover from minor dehydration with extra fluids. Seek
immediate medical assistance if you suspect that your baby is seriously
dehydrated.
Heat stroke
Heat stroke, a serious or fatal condition,
occurs when too much water is lost and
the baby’s or child’s temperature starts to
rise.
Symptoms of heat stroke in babies or
children
• Rising body temperature.
• Smaller amounts of urine than usual; dark colored urine.
• Increased thirst with decreased drinking as the baby gets weaker.
• Dry mouth and eyes.
• Headaches and muscle cramps.
• Drowsiness and lethargy.
• Confusion, shortness of breath, and vomiting.
• Coma.
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41. What to do for heat stroke
If your baby or child has any of the signs of heat stroke, seek immediate
medical treatment. While waiting for medical help, you should keep
your child covered with cool, damp cloths. Keep trying to give your child
small amounts of fluids — unless she/he is unconscious and unable to
swallow.
Protecting yourself from the heat
Causes of heat-related illnesses
Heat-related illnesses, ranging from mild heat rash to severe heat stroke,
occur when your body cannot cool itself. As the air temperature rises,
your body stays cool by releasing fluid onto the skin. When sweating
isn’t enough to cool your body, your body temperature rises and you
may become ill. Prevent heal-related illnesses by:
• Scheduling outdoor activities for the cooler time of the day, before
10 a.m. and after 4 p.m.
• Taking frequent breaks and
drinking water or other non-
caffeinated fluids every 15 to
20 minutes, even if you don’t
feel thirsty during an outdoor
activity.
• Wearing light-weight, light-
colored, loose-fitting clothing.
• Protecting yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat
or using an umbrella. Don’t forget to apply sunscreen.
• Gradually exposing yourself to the hot weather so your body can
adapt to the heat.
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Heat rash
Also known as prickly heat, is a condition that occurs in hot, humid
environments.
Symptoms of heat rash
• Tiny blister spots on the skin.
• Prickling sensation on the skin.
What to do to treat a heat rash
• Clean skin.
• Apply mild drying lotion.
• Wear loose clothing.
• Rest in a cool place, and allow your skin to dry.
Heat cramps
Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms that occur from drinking large
quantities of water without replacing lost body salt.
Symptoms of heat cramps
• Painful spasms of leg, arm, or abdominal muscles.
• Heavy sweating and thirst.
What to do to treat heat cramps
• Loosen clothing.
• Drink lightly salted beverages
such as sport drinks.
• Rest in a cool area.
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43. Heat exhaustion
Heat exhaustion happens when one is exposed to heat for a prolonged
period of time and the body’s effort to cool itself results in significant
loss of body fluid and certain essential minerals, such as sodium and
potassium. If not treated, heat exhaustion can lead to serious health
problems.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion
• Excessive sweating.
• Cool, moist, pale skin.
• Vomiting.
• Anxiety, confusion, fainting, and
decreased level of mental function.
What to do to treat heat
exhaustion
• Move him/her to a cool,
shaded area.
• Administer fluids by mouth
(0.15 L or half a cup of
water every 15 minutes).
• Remove or loosen tight
clothing.
• Apply cool water on the
skin.
Heat stroke
Heat stroke occurs when the body’s temperature-regulating system fails.
A malfunction of the temperature regulation center in your brain causes
sweating to stop and your body temperature to rapidly rise above 40 °C
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44. Off-Job Safety Booklet
(104 °F). At such high temperatures, vital organs are prone to damage
and failure.
Symptoms of heat stroke
• Blurred vision, dizziness, and nausea.
• Hot, dry, spotted skin.
• Mental confusion.
• Delirium, generalized convulsion, loss of consciousness.
• Respiratory and cardiac arrest.
What to do to treat heat stroke
• Call the emergency medical services (in Saudi Aramco
communities, dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997)
immediately.
• Move the victim to a cool, shaded area.
• Place wet sheets around the body or wrap ice in clean cloths and
place them on the victim’s wrist, ankles, and neck to cool the large
blood vessels.
• Monitor his/her breathing and pulse if the victim is unconscious.
• Perform Basic Life Support if the victim has no pulse and only if
you’re trained to do so.
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45. Water Safety
Pool safety
Community pool safety rules
Follow these important safety rules
when visiting a community pool
• Obey the instructions of the
lifeguard on duty.
• Never leave a child unsupervised
near or inside the pool. Appoint
responsible and capable adults
as designated watchers who can take turns. Don’t rely on older
siblings to provide adequate supervision.
• Don’t rely on lifeguards to supervise your children.
• Obey the warning signs and notices around the pool.
• Make sure children don’t enter spas or hot tubs.
• Teach your children good pool safety habits, such as no running,
dunking, pushing, or jumping on others.
• Never assume your children cannot drown because they had
swimming lessons or are wearing flotation devices.
• Don’t consider air-filled devices and toys, such as water wings
or even approved flotation devices, as substitutes for adult
supervision.
• Don’t allow children to play as though they are drowning. A false
alarm may mask a real emergency and delay rescue.
• Don’t allow diving from the side of the pool unless the water is at
least 1.5 m deep.
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46. Off-Job Safety Booklet
• Never allow your children to
swim immediately after eating.
• Make sure that you and your
children wear proper swimsuits.
Wearing loose clothing can
contribute to drowning.
Home pool safety rules
A swimming pool in the yard can be an invitation to a drowning incident
for young children. In addition to the community safety rules, pool
owners can take the following precautions to help make their home
pools less dangerous:
• Never allow children near the pool
area without responsible adult
supervision.
• Surround your pool with a fence or
barrier that is at least 1.7 m high and
has childproof gate latches. The latch
should be self-closing and placed
at the top of the gate so that it’s
inaccessible to children. Never leave a
gate to the pool area propped open.
• Keep the area outside the fence free
of objects, such as chairs, tables, and
benches, that could help children
climb over the fence and gain access
to the pool.
• Keep rescue equipment, such as a shepherd’s hook, by the pool.
• Keep a telephone and emergency telephone numbers posted near
the pool.
42
47. • Teach your children how to swim.
Enroll them in swim classes when
they’re approximately 3 years of
age.
• Caregivers and baby-sitters should
learn Basic Life Support.
• Keep CD players, radios, and other
electrical equipment away from the
pool.
• Don’t let children with loose, long hair near a pool outlet. The
suction can cause hair or body entrapment and drowning. Make
sure that they tie their hair up or wear a bathing cap.
• Keep kids out of the pool in a thunderstorm.
Beach safety
If you’re planning a day at the beach,
follow the guidelines below to ensure
your own and your family’s safety.
Learn to avoid drowning at the beach
by following these guidelines:
• First and foremost you and your
family should learn how to swim.
Learning to swim is the best way
to stay safe in and around water.
• Wear proper swimming attire. Never wear long, loose-fitting
clothing, such as an abaya or thobe, in water. Swimming fully
clothed adds a lot of extra weight and can increase your chance of
drowning.
• Always swim with a buddy; never swim alone.
• Swim in supervised areas only.
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48. Off-Job Safety Booklet
• Pay attention to local weather conditions and forecasts. Stop
swimming at the first sign of bad weather and return to shore.
• Always listen to the lifeguard’s advice and heed any warnings.
• Stay away from piers, pilings, and diving platforms when in the
water.
• Watch for aquatic life. Water plants and animals can be
dangerous.
• Don’t try to swim against a current if caught in one. Swim
gradually out of the current by swimming across it.
Stay safe at the shore
• Protect your skin. Limit the amount of direct sunlight you receive
between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun’s rays are the
strongest and always wear sunscreen with a sun protection factor
(SPF) of at least 15.
• Drink plenty of water regularly and often, even if you don’t feel
thirsty.
• Wear eye protection. Choose
sunglasses that absorb at
least 90% of ultraviolet (UV)
sunlight.
• Wear foot protection. Feet can
get burned from the sand or
cut from broken glass hidden
beneath it.
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49. Traffic Safety
Vehicle safety
Safe driving means driving defensively
to avoid a preventable incident.
Defensive driving can improve
your ability to think, observe,
communicate, coordinate, and
navigate in traffic. Practice these
preventive measures for safe driving.
Before you start driving make sure that you
• Take proper driving training.
• Obtain a valid Saudi driver’s license.
When preparing to drive make sure that you
• Inspect the vehicle’s safety equipment (e.g., spare tires, headlights
and turn signals).
• Inspect and maintain the vehicle’s
tire pressure per the manufacturer’s
specifications.
• Adjust your seat so you’re 10 to
15 cm from the lower rim of the
steering wheel and able to press the
pedals firmly. Sit up straight.
• Adjust the rearview and side mirrors.
• Fasten your seat belt and make
sure that all passengers are properly
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50. Off-Job Safety Booklet
restrained, including children with age- and size-appropriate child
restraints. See the table below for the general guidelines.
Child Age Weight/Height Child Restraint
Birth to 9 or 12 months Up to 9 kg Rear-Facing Baby Seat
1 year to 4 years 9 kg to 18 kg Front-Facing Toddler Seat
4 to 8 years Over 18 kg or shorter Booster Seat
than 1.45 m
8 years and older Over 36 kg and taller Regular Seat Belt
than 1.45 m
All children under age 10 or shorter than 1.45 m must be properly
restrained in the backseat.
While driving make sure that you
• Keep constantly alert — look
ahead, in the mirrors, and
over your shoulders for blind
spots — so you’ll have advance
warning of potentially dangerous
situations.
• Watch the car ahead of you
— and the car ahead of that one
— to give yourself extra time to
stop.
• Obey all traffic rules and regulations, especially speed limits.
• Never use a cell phone, eat, or drink.
• Never be under the influence of medications, which can cause
impairment.
46
51. • Learn to anticipate potential hazards. For example, a defensive
driver expects the car following the bus to suddenly swerve
around it into his lane.
• Use the horn whenever you’re not sure another driver sees you.
• At night, reduce your speed below the safe daytime speed.
• Day or night reduce speed for hazardous conditions such as bad
or adverse weather, broken pavement, children playing, highway
construction, camel crossings, congested areas, and hills or curves
that limit vision.
• If you’re tired or drowsy, stop and rest.
Bicycle safety
Bicycles are a wonderful source of exercise and fun but they’re not
without danger. Serious incidents have occurred from bicycle and vehicle
collisions. The following tips can
help you prevent these types of
incidents:
• Choose a bike that matches
your size and the kind of
riding you do. Consider the
bicycle’s weight, height, and
design.
• Choose a bicycle with safety equipment such as a horn, a bell, a
light in front, and reflectors all around. Consider having a carrier
basket that can help you carry things while leaving both hands
free to control the bicycle.
• Always wear a helmet. Buy a helmet that meets or exceeds
current international safety standards. Make sure that the helmet
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52. Off-Job Safety Booklet
fits correctly: it should fit one or two fingers above the eyebrows;
and its straps, when strapped, should form a “V” under the
ears and should feel tight when opening the mouth as wide as
possible.
• Repair the bicycle’s broken or worn parts immediately. Frequently
check to make sure that the
reflectors are clean and not
damaged, the saddle and
handlebars are tight and at the
right height, the tires are firm
with plenty of treads, the brakes
work properly, the wheels are not
wobbly, and the bicycle’s chain is
snug and not damaged.
• Obey all traffic rules and regulations when you’re riding your bike.
Remember that on a bicycle you’re more vulnerable to incidents
than a driver inside the steel body of a vehicle.
Keep these additional tips in mind when riding your bicycle
• Avoid busy streets whenever you can.
• Keep your bicycle under control — don’t show off, weave, or race.
• Ride with traffic, not against it. Ride as far to the right as possible.
• Ride on the street and not the sidewalk, which is meant for
pedestrians.
• Watch for parked cars pulling out or car doors opening suddenly.
• Travel in single file when riding with others and always allow one
full bike length between bicycles.
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53. • Steer with both hands on the handlebars except to signal when
turning, stopping, or leaving the curb.
• Don’t ride double on a bicycle or carry an oversized package,
either of which can block your vision and throw you off balance.
• Come to a complete stop, look, and listen before entering a street
from a sidewalk, driveway, or alley. Drivers may not see you.
• When riding at night, wear light-colored or reflective clothing.
• Be prepared to brake at intersections; don’t pump the pedals as
you approach. Get off and walk your bike across busy streets,
staying well inside the white lines and crosswalk.
Pedestrian safety
Being a pedestrian in traffic puts you at risk. Children from 1 to 12 years
old are at risk when in traffic. It is your responsibility to teach them
how to stay safe. Demonstrate to your children the right way to be safe
pedestrians:
• Never walk between parked cars, jaywalk, or cross against traffic
signals or lights.
• Stay on the sidewalk. If there is no sidewalk, walk on the left
shoulder, as far to the left as possible, facing the direction of
traffic.
• Before stepping off a curb, look left, right, and left again for
traffic. Look over your shoulders for vehicles. Make eye contact
with drivers. Just because you see a driver doesn’t mean that the
driver sees you.
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54. Off-Job Safety Booklet
• Be alert for turning vehicles.
Never step out in front of a
turning vehicle. Drivers of
turning vehicles are typically
looking for an opening in
traffic and may fail to notice
pedestrians.
• Cross at intersections or
crosswalks, where possible.
Obey all traffic signals and
walk signs. Wait until all vehicles stop or clear the intersection
before stepping off the curb.
• See and be seen. Never dart out into the street. Drivers need to
see you to avoid you. Make eye contact with the driver when
crossing busy streets. Always wear brightly colored or reflective
clothing. Consider carrying a flashlight when walking at night.
• Look for a car’s reversing
lights when walking
in parking lots or past
driveways. A car’s reverse
lights will indicate the
vehicle’s direction. Parking
lot incidents happen when
pedestrians don’t see
vehicles that are backing
out or drivers don’t notice
pedestrians before putting
the car in reverse.
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55. First Aid Basics
Burns
First degree burns
Classified as minor, they are also
called superficial burns. This type of
burn affects the outer layer of the
skin, which becomes painful and
red in color. While this type of burn
generally heals well by itself, your
proper action can help the healing
process.
Treatment
• Stop the burning process by cooling the area. Apply a cool, wet
cloth to the burn or immerse the burned area in cool — not ice
— water until the victim no longer feels the pain.
• Don’t apply ointments or
other substances to the
burn but keep it covered
with a sterile, nonadhesive
bandage or clean cloth.
Second degree burns
Also called partial thickness burns, which go deeper into the skin into
the dermis area. This type of burn is generally accompanied by blistering
of the skin, which may leave a scar.
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Treatment
Although this type of burn is usually
treatable with basic first aid, a burned
victim should seek medical attention.
If the burn covers a large area of the
body, cover loosely with dry, sterile
dressing. If the burn is smaller than
the palm of the hand, to treat it you
should:
• Immerse the burned area in cool water until the pain stops.
• Don’t clean it, apply ointment, or break the blisters.
• Treat for shock and elevate the burned area above the level of the
heart.
Third degree burns
Also called total thickness burns,
which penetrate through the layers
of the skin, and may burn muscle and
other tissue. This type of burn can be
life threatening. The burned area will
appear charred or blackened or white
and leathery.
Treatment
• Call for emergency medical services (in Saudi Aramco
communities, dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997)
immediately.
• While waiting for medical help to arrive, cool the area with water
until the pain stops, then carefully remove clothing if it’s not
sticking to the skin. Don’t use ice/ice water.
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57. • Cover loosely with dry, sterile
dressings or with a dry clean
sheet if the burn is large. Don’t
clean, apply ointment, or break
blisters.
• Treat for shock and elevate the
burned area above the level of
the heart.
• Monitor the victim’s breathing and administer Basic Life Support if
necessary and if you’re trained to do so, until emergency services
arrive.
Chemical burns
Should a chemical burn occur,
immediately call 110 or 997. If a
harmful corrosive chemical comes in
contact with the skin, flush the area
with water until emergency medical
services arrive.
Because chemicals may give off fumes
— even if you don’t smell them — you should move the victim outdoors
into fresh air. After flushing the burn with water, cover the area with a
loose, nonstick dressing.
If the burn was the result of contact with a dry chemical or powder,
brush the chemical off with a gloved hand before flushing the burn with
water for at least 30 minutes.
If the chemical has made contact with the eye, flush the affected eye
immediately with water from the nose outward until emergency services
arrives.
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Shock
Always treat a seriously injured person
for shock. Severe shock can cause death.
Don’t attempt to give the victim anything
to drink. Seek medical help immediately.
Symptoms of shock
• Pale, cold, clammy skin, mottled in color.
• Weak and shallow or deep but irregular breathing.
• Apathy.
• Nausea.
Treatment
• If the victim doesn’t have a head and/or neck injury, or broken hip
or leg bones, place the victim on his/her back and elevate the legs
about 30 cm.
• If the victim has a head or neck injury, keep the victim lying flat.
Don’t move the victim unless there is immediate danger.
• If the victim vomits, place the victim on one side to let fluids drain
from the mouth.
• If the victim has difficulty breathing, place him/her in a
semi-reclining position.
• Cover the victim with a sheet or light blanket.
Choking
Adults who are around children should
get proper training in First Aid to be able
to help children. Proper first aid training
for choking depends on the age of the
child.
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59. For a conscious child older than 1 year of age
Experts recommend abdominal thrusts, often called the Heimlich
maneuver.
To give abdominal thrusts
• Stand behind the victim.
• Wrap your arms around the victim’s waist.
• Make a fist with one hand and place the
thumb side of your fist, just above the
navel and below the breast bone.
• Grab your fist with your hand and give
quick inward and upward thrusts until the
object is forced out or the child becomes
unconscious.
For a conscious infant
Give five back slaps and five chest thrusts.
To give back slaps
• Grasp the infant’s jaw with your
thumb and fingers.
• Support the back of the infant’s
head and neck.
• Turn the infant over face down on your forearm, with the infant’s
head lower than his/her chest; rest your forearm on your thigh.
Support the infant’s head and neck by firmly holding the jaw.
• Give five blows forcefully between the shoulder blades.
To give five chest thrusts
• Sandwich the infant between your forearms. Support the head
and neck.
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• Turn the infant onto his/her back. Rest your forearm on your
thigh. Keep the infant’s head lower than the chest.
• Place your ring finger on the infant’s breastbone just below
the nipple line. Place the middle and index fingers next to the
ring finger. Remove your ring finger and compress with your
middle and index fingers. If you feel the notch at the end of the
breastbone, move your fingers slightly up.
• Give five chest thrusts. Each thrust should be about 0.5 cm deep.
If the infant or child becomes unresponsive, call for emergency medical
services immediately (in Saudi Aramco communities, dial 110; in the
local communities, dial 997); if you are properly trained, administer Basic
Life Support techniques.
Poisoning
If a poisoning occurs:
• Stay calm and call the
hospital (in Saudi Aramco
communities, dial 110;
in the local communities,
dial 997).
• Report the name of the
product, the amount
of the product that was ingested, the time that the poisoning
occurred, the age and weight of the person who was poisoned,
and the circumstances of the poisoning.
• Follow their instructions.
• Don’t induce vomiting unless told to do so. Vomiting can cause
further harm if a substance was swallowed.
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61. Here are some emergency tips for certain types of
poisonings.
Inhaled poison
• Take the person to fresh air immediately, if the scene is safe.
• Open doors and windows.
• If the person is not breathing and you are properly trained, begin
Basic Life Support.
Poison in the eye
• Wash the eyes outward with running lukewarm water for 15
minutes continuously.
• Ask the person to blink as much as possible to assist in irrigating
the eye.
• Don’t attempt to force the eyelids open.
Poison on the skin
• Remove all clothing that’s contaminated and begin to wash the
skin with running water for 15 minutes.
Emergency action steps
1. Check the scene and the victim
Make sure the scene is safe for you
and any bystanders. Then check to
see if the victim is conscious. Tap
him/her on the shoulder and shout:
“Are you ok?”
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2. Call
If the victim doesn’t respond, call the emergency medical services (EMS)
system at once, or have someone call (in Saudi Aramco communities,
dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997) or do it yourself if nobody is
available.
3. Care
l. Position if necessary
• If the victim is face down and you can’t tell whether or not he/she
is breathing, position him/her on his/her back by kneeling facing
the victim’s hips and shoulders.
• Straighten his/her legs
and move the arm closer
to you above his/her
head, the other arm
along his/her body.
• Place one hand under his/her head and neck and the other hand
on his/her hip. Roll the victim toward you as a single unit.
• Place the victim’s arm which is further from you alongside his/her
body.
ll. Do the primary care
A. Open the airway
Place one hand on the victim’s forehead and two fingers of the
other hand under the bony part of the chin.
Tilt the head and lift the chin. Avoid closing the victim’s mouth or
pushing on the soft part under the chin.
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63. B. Check for breathing
Place your ear over the victim’s
mouth and nose.
Look at the chest, listen and
feel for breathing for five to
ten seconds. If there is no
breathing, give two slow
breaths (1 second each breath).
Cover the victim’s mouth with your lips and make a tight seal,
pinch the nose shut and blow slowly for 1 ½ to 2 seconds. Pause
between breaths to let air flow out.
Watch the victim’s chest rise each time you breathe to make sure
your breaths are going in.
C. If no response, start Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR is a two minute cycle of 30 chest compressions and two
breaths repeated 5 times. Continue performing CPR until the
victim starts to breathe on his/her own or until emergency medical
services arrives.
For more information on emergency action steps, Consult the SAMSO’s
Health Education’s Basic Life Support (BLS) and Standard First Aid (SFA)
Booklet.
First aid kits
A well-stocked first aid kit, kept
within easy reach, is a necessity in
every home. Having supplies gathered
ahead of time will help you handle an
emergency at a moment’s notice. You
should keep one first aid kit in your
home and one in each car. Also be
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64. Off-Job Safety Booklet
sure to bring a first aid kit on family vacations. Include the following in
each of your first aid kits:
• Sterile gauze
• Adhesive tape
• Adhesive bandages in several sizes
• Elastic bandage
• Antiseptic wipes
• Antibiotic cream
• Antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)
• Hydrocortisone cream (1%)
• Acetaminophen and ibuprofen
• Tweezers
• Sharp scissors
• Safety pins
• Disposable instant cold packs
• Calamine lotion
• Alcohol wipes or ethyl alcohol
• Thermometer
• Plastic gloves (at least 2 pairs)
• Flashlight and extra batteries
• First aid manual
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65. Emergency numbers
Local communities
Saudi Red Crescent Authority 997
Fire/Civil Defense 998
Local Police & Security 999
Traffic Accident 993
Saudi Aramco communities
Ambulance/Fire/Security 110
By mobile phone:
03-872-0110 (Central Area)
03-572-0110 (Southern Area)
03-673-0110 (Northern Area)
01-285-0110 (Central Region)
02-427-0110 (Western Region)
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