Plurilingualism versus multilingualism Maria Neus Lorenzo i Galés [email_address] Looking for collective empowerment in Catalonia Immigration, education and language

Summary Catalan educational policy focuses on consolidating and enriching Catalan citizenship in Europe ( plurilingualism versus multilingualism ). The educational system is oriented towards providing citizens in new generations with the necessary competencies to face employability, sutainability and other challenges of the future. Autonomy at schools develops leadership and decision making for dealing with international compatibility and comparability.

Catalan educational policy focuses on consolidating and enriching Catalan citizenship in Europe ( plurilingualism versus multilingualism ).

The educational system is oriented towards providing citizens in new generations with the necessary competencies to face employability, sutainability and other challenges of the future.

Autonomy at schools develops leadership and decision making for dealing with international compatibility and comparability.

Content The Catalan culture: what are we talking about? New challenges for facing the future European language policies in education and collective empowerment in Catalonia

The Catalan culture: what are we talking about?

New challenges for facing the future

European language policies in education and collective empowerment in Catalonia

The Catalan culture... what are we talking about?

Culture, the extension of human beings Culture is the result of cognition, the human mutation that extends us into new environments and allows us to discover original solutions to emerging challenges. Jorge Wagensberg 2010: International Year of Biodiversity European Year for fighting against poverty and social exclusion

2010:

International Year of Biodiversity

European Year for fighting against poverty and social exclusion

There are no bridges between cultures, Culture is the bridge complexity recursivity abstraction creativity combinatory

Saving diversity is a long term investment Benefits: -planetary survival -health research reservoir -flexible response for Life and Nature -wider resource pool for facing crisis -adaptation Biodiversity Cultural diversity Diversity should not be unequity

Catalonia in Europe 32.000 Km2 , 7.364.078 inhabitants (2008) 15.96% of the Spanish population 946 municipal locations Political autonomy in Spain

Catalan Challenge: vulnerability and dispersion 10M speakers in 4 countries (Spain, Andorra, Italy, France) Identity vs. Globalization From Bilingualism to Plurilingualism Multiculturalism vs. Intercultural dialogue Inner frontiers are the ones that really separate us Inclusive strategies for social cohesion

10M speakers in 4 countries

(Spain, Andorra, Italy, France)

Identity vs. Globalization

From Bilingualism to Plurilingualism

Multiculturalism vs. Intercultural dialogue

Sharing past? ? Geographical and institutional space? Common past?

Immigrant student growth in Catalonia Source: http://www.idescat.cat/pub/?id=aec&n=274&t=2008 ! Spain: 8,37 % Immigrant students 0.81% 13.65% 10.05% 7.65% 5.04% 9.03% 14.15% 23.778 148.525 93.831 106.746 121.622 133.000 34.797 51.926 74.491 19.793 16.921 9.868 155.213

Sharing present? ? An oral and written shared language? Known and shared empowered values?

Students newly arrived in Catalonia ordered by originating country Source: Servei d’Immersió i Ús de la llengua, 2008 !

Sharing the future? ? Sense, vision and will of common future?

Usage of official languages in Catalonia 2008 ! Source: http://www.idescat.cat/ Family Friends Neighbours Work Schoolmates

Multilingualism or Plurilingualism? (Leonard Orban, Commissionate for Multilingualism, EU 2001) An educational policy for dealing with diversity ! Several monolingual societies ? One plural society? policy policy policy policy policy

Language dymamics: ~ 5000 - 5500 languages in the world Source: « Halte à la mort des langues » Claude Hagège When a language disappears, a whole culture vanishes, with its unique, collective, unrepeateble view of reality. Only 10% are active in the Internet space (40 languages for 99,3 % of users) 80 % are no-state, minority languages 75% are threatened or in danger About 8-10 % disappear every year In 100 years about 2500 will disappear (50 %)

New challenges for facing the future

Common challenges: sustainability NASA : Hubble 2009 http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/multimedia/ero/index.html Globalization Identity - Contradictions - Uncertainty - Acceleration - Social transformation - Transformation Society - Plurilingualism - Interculturalism - Diversity, collective richness - Complexity of competencies - Professional flexibility

Community building: intercultural dialogue - self-recognitions - participation - leadership - vision of the future - dealing with diversity Inclusion reading, speaking, writing, listening, dialoguing interacting in many languages Dealing with diversity for empowering rights and duties

29 countries : Joint declaration, European Ministers of Education ( Terry Mitchell, promoter of EHEA: European Higher European Area, Bologna 1999, Berlin 2003, Bergen 2005 http://www.bologna-berlin2003.de/pdf/bologna_declaration.pdf Also: Lisbon agreement 2000, revision London 2007) A search for a common European answer to a common European challenge Europe of Knowledge Deadline 2010 Deadline 2015 Deadline 2045 Language plurality and cultural diversity (mother tongue +2) Lifelong learning programs 2007-2013 & 2014-2020 Integrating ICT tools & e-learning in educational systems Convergence: comparable degrees, towards transnational studies Education: relevant to the labor market (literacy & key competencies) Creating a common European citizenship ( Prospects: enlarging complexity and diversity

Language plurality and cultural diversity (mother tongue +2)

Lifelong learning programs 2007-2013 & 2014-2020

Integrating ICT tools & e-learning in educational systems

Convergence: comparable degrees, towards transnational studies

Education: relevant to the labor market (literacy & key competencies)

Creating a common European citizenship ( Prospects: enlarging complexity and diversity

European educational policy is linked to… Social inclusion: core skills, quality of the higher education system Innovation: creativity and autonomy Industry: entrepreneurship, competitiveness Research: sciences & technology EU Framework strategy for multili/pluri-lingualism Labor market: Recognition of professional qualifications (Directive 2005/36/EC) 23/10/2009 - "The benefits and challenges of linguistic diversity in Europe” (Leonard Orban) Source: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/1574&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en And Web: http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/orban/index_en.htm

Social inclusion: core skills, quality of the higher education system

Innovation: creativity and autonomy

Industry: entrepreneurship, competitiveness

Research: sciences & technology

EU Framework strategy for multili/pluri-lingualism

Labor market: Recognition of professional qualifications (Directive 2005/36/EC)

Improving competencies for 21st C Future cooperation on : Developing action plans to increase levels of reading literacy and numeracy, including the use of target-setting; Reinforcing transversal as well as subject-based competencies , particularly learning- to-learn; and Adopting a comprehensive approach to competence development , encompassing curricula, learning materials, teacher training, personalised learning, and assessment techniques . Future co-operation on: Generalizing access to high quality pre-school education ; Measuring and improving the equity impact of school education systems, and reducing quality differences between schools; Ensuring that school systems facilitate successful transitions between different school types and levels, and into further education and training; Reducing early school leaving Providing more timely support and personalised learning approaches within mainstream schooling for students with special needs . Future co-operation on: Ensuring that teachers’ initial education, induction and ongoing professional development are coordinated, coherent, adequately resourced and quality assured; and improving the supply, quality and take-up of in-service teacher education; Reviewing teacher recruitment to attract the most able candidates, select the best applicants, and place good teachers in challenging schools; and Improving the recruitment of school leaders and equipping them to focus on improving student learning and developing school staff. Source: Communication from the Commission, 3.7.2008: Improving competences for the 21st Century: An Agenda for European Cooperation of Schools. Web: http://www.eun.org

Future cooperation on :

Developing action plans to increase levels of reading literacy and numeracy, including the use of target-setting;

Reinforcing transversal as well as subject-based competencies , particularly learning- to-learn; and

Adopting a comprehensive approach to competence development , encompassing curricula, learning materials, teacher training, personalised learning, and assessment techniques .

Future co-operation on:

Generalizing access to high quality pre-school education ;

Measuring and improving the equity impact of school education systems, and reducing quality differences between schools;

Ensuring that school systems facilitate successful transitions between different school types and levels, and into further education and training;

Reducing early school leaving

Providing more timely support and personalised learning approaches within mainstream schooling for students with special needs .

Future co-operation on:

Ensuring that teachers’ initial education, induction and ongoing professional development are coordinated, coherent, adequately resourced and quality assured; and improving the supply, quality and take-up of in-service teacher education;

Reviewing teacher recruitment to attract the most able candidates, select the best applicants, and place good teachers in challenging schools; and

Improving the recruitment of school leaders and equipping them to focus on improving student learning and developing school staff.

Improving competencies for 21st C Source: Communication from the Commission, 3.7.2008: Improving competences for the 21st Century: An Agenda for European Cooperation of Schools. Web: http://www.eun.org Equity Efficiency Excellency

European language policies in education and collective empowerment in Catalonia

Language policy : Evolution of teaching language Models Segregated Models: Academic learning, informative, selective, restrictive, formal and elitist teaching, focused on linguistic knowledge... Inclusive Models: Cohabitative, interactive, social approach, intercultural dialogue, ethical management of diversity, and acceptance of plurality focused on plurilingualism and intercultural dialogue... Integration Models: Communicative and functional approach, incorporated and added learning, vocational training, focused on language assimilation...

Language policy :

Segregated Models: Academic learning, informative, selective, restrictive, formal and elitist teaching, focused on linguistic knowledge...

Inclusive Models: Cohabitative, interactive, social approach, intercultural dialogue, ethical management of diversity, and acceptance of plurality focused on plurilingualism and intercultural dialogue...

Integration Models: Communicative and functional approach, incorporated and added learning, vocational training, focused on language assimilation...

Accademic achievement in Catalonia for granting opportunities Equity (population over 10 years old) Source: INDESCAT http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=5&V0=3&V1=0&V3=762&V4=763&ALLINFO=TRUE&PARENT=25&CTX=B 1981 2001 1991 1996 1986 2007

Languages, the common opportunity Source: Indescat: http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=5&V0=3&V1=3&V3=3372&V4=3373&ALLINFO=TRUE&PARENT=25&CTX=B Eficience

Plurilingualism for empowering Catalan sdociety Tamazigh (Amazic) is the 3rd language in Catalonia Efficiency 7 languages 5 languages!

Moltes gràcies! Sharing in diversity