Imperial College: past, present and future

Imperial College London: past, present and future Professor Mary Ritter Pro Rector, Postgraduate and International Affairs 5 May 2007

Present Past Sir Richard Sykes, Rector of Imperial College London Future 2007 30 January

Prince Albert’s vision

Imperial College London World class research and teaching in science, engineering, medicine and management

Our standing • THES World Rankings: 9th overall (2005 ranking 13th) – 4th for Biomedicine – 4th for Technology – 9th for Science – • Financial Times – MBA Programme: top in Europe for Entrepreneurship • Times Good University Guide 2007 – Imperial rated 3rd in UK

Our Estate Six London campuses Charing Cross Chelsea and Westminster Hammersmith Royal Brompton South Kensington St Mary’s Two campuses in South East England Silwood Park, Ascot Wye, Kent South Kensington Campus and surrounding area

Our Estate Largest estate in the UK university sector Equivalent of 133 football pitches

Faculty of Natural Sciences: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Our organisation Business School Faculty of Engineering

Our staff • 3,000 academic and research staff • 3,000 support staff • 1,500 honorary staff • 700 academic visitors and visiting researchers 8,200 staff and visiting staff

Our students • 8,000 undergraduates • 2,200 taught postgraduates • 2,500 research postgraduates 13,000 students • 111 undergraduate courses • 124 postgraduate taught courses • Applications for places exceed 5:1 • Average A-level entry grade above AAB

Our graduates earn the most Most in graduate level jobs Highest starting salaries Institution % Institution Starting salary (£) 1 Imperial College 86.3 1 Imperial College 25,780 2 Cambridge 85.0 2 LSE 23,081 3 King’s College 83.3 3 King’s College 21,835 London London 4 LSE 82.7 4 UCL 21,334 5 Bath 82.5 5 Queen Mary 21,220 London 6= City 80.0 6 Dundee 20,945 6= The Robert Gordon 80.0 7 Cambridge 20,732 8= Bristol 79.4 8 London South Bank 20,399 8= Aston 79.4 9 Oxford 20,386 10 University College 78.0 London 10 Bristol 20,009 The Sunday Times University Guide, 2005 Average starting salary for Imperial graduates in 2005: £25,780

An international institution Students from 123 countries Top 10 non-UK countries of origin: • China • Greece • Malaysia 2005-06 • France Overseas • Singapore UK 29% 57% • Germany EU 14% • Nigeria • Italy • India • Cyprus 67% increase in overseas students in 5 years

Students from Germany New Admissions 1999-2007 160 134 140 115 108 120 95 92 93 100 83 78 79 80 UG 73 70 PG 58 63 60 71 52 63 40 56 42 20 38 37 31 29 22 16 0 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Our education in Europe - Bologna • Creation of a European Higher Education Area, and a European Research Area • Bologna Declaration, now 46 signatory countries • Recognition of qualifications; student mobility and employment • 3 cycles: bachelors, masters, doctoral degrees • Credit transfer and accumulation system (ECTS) for 1st and 2nd cycles; time taken to reach given learning outcomes • Imperial aims to have all its courses aligned by September this year

Our Graduate Schools at Imperial • Established to ensure quality and to further develop and enhance postgraduate training and excellence • Graduate School of Life Sciences and Medicine, 1999 • Graduate School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, 2002 • Membership: all masters and doctoral students • Role – Quality of training – Academic environment/Interdisciplinarity; distinguished guest lectures; student research symposium; etc – Transferable skills programme – Representation - an integrated ‘voice’ within the university

Transferable skills – examples of some of the training workshops Science, research and integrity • Time management and personal effectiveness • Communication and presentation skills • Writing skills • Science and the media • Commercialisation of research • Information retrieval • Statistics • Teamwork • Negotiation skills • Motivation • Career planning • Thesis writing and completing the PhD • 3-day residential workshop; Easthampstead Park •

Interdisciplinarity is a key feature of our skills training Graduate Graduate School of School of Engineering Life & Physical Sciences & Sciences Medicine Royal College of Art Royal College of Music

Our financial strengths • Imperial receives 6% total national public funding of university research • Largest industrial sponsorship in UK university sector • Total research income 2005- 06: £205M

Our disciplines Engineering Natural Tomorrow’s breakthrough Medicine Sciences technologies Business

Our research themes Medical imaging Climate change Earth reservoir modelling Earth observation Alternative energy sources Sustainable development Biomedical engineering

Our links with business Royal Charter of 1907 states purpose of College as: “giving…highly specialised instruction… providing…advanced training and research in… science…especially in its application to industry” Today: Imperial College THE ENERGY AND Consultants (ICON) ENVIRONMENT OFFICE Mission to increase Problem Solving Establishing strategic the quantity, size and Scientific Services relationships with UK and quality of research international business and Expert Advice collaborations industry, government and NGOs to initiate research projects concerned with energy and the environment

Innovating • 58 spin-out companies • > 150 licence agreements Examples of our spin-outs: Nexeon Ltd Ceres Power • Novel battery technology • Fuel-cell technology company founded by Imperial Innovations as a spin-out in 2001 Heliswirl Technologies Ltd • Technology to transform power • Helical-flow pipe technology generation • Expected to improve transport of • Admitted to AIM in 2004 with market fluids in applications including oil capitalisation of £66M and chemical industries • Realised £2M for Imperial Innovations Group

Innovating • Imperial Innovations became first majority university- owned technology transfer company to float in the UK (AIM) • Raised £26M August 2006 • Market value: £150M Applying our research in industry

Recent achievements - Engineering Director of Imperial’s Energy Future’s Lab appointed EPSRC Energy Ambassador Professor Nigel Brandon is raising the profile energy research in the UK. Meteorite experts honoured Three Imperial Earth Science and Engineering academics have recently had asteroids named after them. Royal Academy of Engineering's Six Fellows of the Royal Academy of 2006 Public Promotion of Engineering in 2006 bringing the College Engineering Medal total to 69. Professor John Burland, responsible for stabilising the Leaning Tower of Pisa, recognised for his contribution to engineering. Bioengineering PhD student awarded £40,000 ERA Foundation Award from the Royal Academy of Engineering for his New Principal of Faculty, invention of a new Professor John Wood, will respiratory device. take up appointment in summer 2007.

Recent achievements - Medicine A new £6 million MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling at Imperial will Imperial College London analyse new outbreaks of existing diseases Diabetes Centre opened in Abu and those infections which may pose a Dhabi, where it is estimated over serious threat in the future one-quarter of population suffer from diabetes Imperial College awarded six of Top lifetime achievement award 28 MRC Experimental Professor Marc Feldmann, co-inventor of Medicine Awards awarded in anti TNF treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, the UK in 2006, totaling over received award at European Inventor of the £3 million Year Ceremony Dr Steven Patterson received $9.2 million grant from the Bill and Professor Peter Barnes named Melinda Gates Foundation for as Doctor of the Decade by HIV vaccine development Science Watch

Recent achievements – Natural Sciences Grantham Institute for Climate Change launched with £12.8 million gift from the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment. Professor So Iwata awarded the Professor Tejinder Japan Academy Medal and the Virdee is leading an Japan Society for the international team of Promotion of Science prize for 2,000 scientists in excellent young researchers First year Biology student conducting the for his work on defining the Leili Farzaneh won Daily world’s largest structure of proteins. Telegraph science writing experiment at CERN competition with piece on in a quest to find new genetic modification. particles. The newly opened Institute for Dr Lynda White was Mathematical Sciences will pronounced Lecturer of use mathematics to tackle a the Year at the 2006 host of global challenges Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) Student of the Year Awards.

Imperial’s invisible man • Innovative research on ‘metamaterials’ by Sir John Pendry and partners at Duke University resulted in the demonstration of the first ‘invisibility cloak’ in 2006

Recent achievements – Business School Imperial College and the Tanaka Business School Confederation of Indian awarded EQUIS accreditation Industry sign partnership [European Quality Improvement agreement to collaborate on System] by the European technology and science Foundation for Management issues, and announce the Development. launch of the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Business School School continued to rise in the team wins first prize Financial Times' MBA at London rankings in 2006, breaking into Business School's the world's top 50 and again Business Plan ranked number one for Competition entrepreneurship in Europe. Dr Catarina Sismeiro, lecturer New MSc in Actuarial in marketing, awarded the Finance is the first to receive Premio D. Antonia Adelaide accreditation from the Ferreira prize for her research. Institute of Actuaries through new accreditation process.

How we work with our German colleagues A new study carried out by Imperial College and the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Köln reveals how a protein travels through the plant from leaf to shoot, prompting flowering. Ingenia Technology Ltd, an Imperial spin- out company, and partners Bayer Technology Services, received the Professor Russell Cowburn awarded prestigious 100,000 Euro Hermes Award Degussa’s European Science-to- for their anti-counterfeiting technology at Business Award (and at the Hannover this year's Hannover Messe technology fair, Messe Technology Fair) for showing how in the presence of Angela Merkel. magnetic microchips can store hundreds of gigabytes of information. Since 2005, physicists from Researchers from Imperial and Ludwig- Imperial, Köln University, CalTech Maximilian Universitat München have and University of California have undertaken work to reveal that the eye's collaborated to analyse findings brightness detection system helps set the from the Cassini spacecraft’s fly- body's internal clock and regulate general bys of © Imperialmoon Enceladus. Saturn College London activity levels.

Our collaborations in Europe: the IDEA League • 5 of the top science and technology universities – Imperial (I), Delft (D), ETH Zurich (E); RWTH Aachen (A) and ParisTech; working together for almost 8 years – focus on education, research and innovation • Key research areas – energy, environment and healthcare • Education – a set of common education quality management principles – academic profiles for graduates – mutual recognition of degrees (1st, 2nd and 3rd cycle) – student interchange via IDEA League scholarships – joint masters programmes – joint Summer Schools for doctoral students • Technology Transfer Group • European Institute of Technology (EIT); Knowledge Innovation Communities (KICs)

Our alumni A global network • 140,000 alumni in 190 countries – 94,000 have postal addresses – 31,000 have email addresses – 62,000 (66%) reside in the UK – 32,000 (34%) live outside of the UK in 189 countries worldwide Among our alumni are: Former Prime Ministers of India and New Zealand Governor of Western Australia CEOs of BP, Rolls-Royce, Singapore Airlines Chair of the Commission for Racial Equality Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force First person to run a mile in under four minutes Olympic Gold Medallists

Our alumni in Germany • The College is in touch with a total of 1,278 alumni in Germany: – 712 postal addresses ONLY – 566 email also • 1,025 alumni are male, 253 female • Youngsters: – Under the age of 40 938 – Under the age of 50 1,153 • Mainly engineers and scientists: – Faculty of Natural Sciences 610 – Faculty of Engineering 574 – Faculty of Medicine 60 – Tanaka Business School 28 – Humanities 6

Prince Albert’s vision

The Crystal Palace – Great Exhibition of 1851

Our History • 1851-1890 Constituent Colleges formed, realising Prince Albert’s vision for the pursuance of science and learning following the Great Exhibition • 1907 – Imperial College founded by merger of: City and Guilds College Royal College of Science Royal School of Mines

Our Founding Charter: 1907 …to give the highest specialised instruction and to provide the fullest equipment for the most advanced training and research in various branches of science especially in its application to industry.

The Origins Henry Cole August Von Hofmann Henry de la Beche John Donnelly William Ayrton John Perry William Dalby T H Huxley Norman Lockyer Lyon Playfair

William Perkin and the discovery of mauveine – father of modern chemical industry

City and Guilds College

Royal College of Science

Royal School of Mines

Edward VII laying the foundation stone 8 July 1909

Goldsmiths today

Our more recent history • 1988-2000 Mergers with other London Medical Schools: St Mary’s Hospital Medical School National Heart & Lung Institute Charing Cross/ Westminster & Royal Postgraduate Medical Schools Kennedy Institute • 2000 – Merger with Wye College 2007 – Our Centenary: 100 years of living science

Numbers of Students Since 1912 12,000 11,000 Total 10,000 9,000 8,000 Male 7,000 6,000 5,000 Female 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1907-08 1915-16 1922-23 1929-30 1936-37 1943-44 1950-51 1957-58 1964-65 1971-72 1978-79 1985-86 1992-93 1999-00

Sir Alfred Keogh Sir Thomas Holland Sir Henry Tizard Henry Bovey 1910 - 1922 1922 - 1929 1929 - 1942 1908 - 1910 Sir Richard Southwell Sir Roderic Hill Sir Patrick Linstead Sir Owen Saunders 1942 - 1948 1948 - 1954 1954 - 1966 1966 - 1967 The Rt Hon. Lord Penney The Rt Hon. Lord Flowers Sir Eric Ash The Lord Oxburgh Sir Richard Sykes 1967 - 1973 1973 - 1985 1985 - 1993 1993 - 2000 2001 -

Past Research Denis Gabor: Andrew Huxley: Holography Nerve impulses Alexander Fleming: Rodney Porter: Abdus Salam: Penicillin Structure of Theoretical Physics Antibodies 14 Nobel Prize Winners

Our Centenary Fundraising Campaign Raised to date Academic £53 £12 mission To be secured £76 £39 Campus renewal Student support £7 £20 £ million £0 £25 £50 £75 £100 £125

Recent campus developments RIBA Award winning Faculty Building designed by renowned architects Foster & Partners New Tanaka Business School and College State of the Art Entrance opened by Her Sports Centre and Majesty The Queen in 2004 Residences Refurbishment of the Bessemer Building, including the incorporation of the Institute of Biomedical Engineering

We are providing new buildings and facilities fit for the future Research and educational Halls of Residence facilities at Hammersmith Redevelopment of the south and east A unique research facility, at the sides of Prince’s Gardens with high Hammersmith Campus, providing quality student accommodation which the UK with a centre of excellence fits more comfortably in its for clinical imaging and a new surroundings. conference centre for teaching. Beit Quad Union Building redevelopment Central Library A Union to cater for redevelopment changing student needs. A new library containing innovative learning spaces to respond to changing educational and pedagogical needs.

People in the future The best people People Research which addresses tomorrow’s needs Sustainable funding streams Facilities to meet our future ambitions Keeping an eye on the competition

Education in the future • Undergraduate – Developing new bachelors/curricula e.g. EnVision, Biomedical Science • Postgraduate masters – Subject areas linked to research focus – Pre-PhD training – Interdisciplinary • Postgraduate doctoral programmes – Collaborative programmes with key international partner universities – Transferable skills for doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers

Big research issues for the Future 1. Origins of the Universe 2. Origins of life on Earth 3. Sustainability & Surviving

1. Origins of the Universe Michele Dougherty (Physics) – Cassini project: origins of Saturn, its moons and its rings

The biggest experiment in the world! Tejinder Virdee The Large Hadron CMS Spokesman Collider 2007-2010 Next year - the large Hedron Collider at CERN will start the search for the Higgs Boson. • What is mass? Is there supersymmetry? What is dark matter? Where has all the antimatter gone?

2. Origins of life on Earth: Systems Biology Metabolomics, Basic biology, genetics, tissue green energy…. engineering…. Mathematics Plant Human Food and energy Health and disease Computing Bio-tools Core Sciences Modelling Engineering Statistics Bioinformatics mouse A. thaliana microbial zebrafish Model Organisms Basic biology, drug discovery, validation….

Health challenges: understanding the fundamental processes of life • Translating knowledge of the genome into new approaches to medicine • Using our advances in cell and molecular biology and computing to simulate the workings of the body in health and disease • Understanding how organisms interact to find new approaches to tackling malaria, TB, AIDS, influenza, resistant bacteria • Applying new imaging tools to observe biological processes

MALARIA TB INFLUENZA SCHISTO- SOMIASIS Infectious diseases HIV

Degenerative disease, tissue repair, bioengineering, bionics Understanding stem cell function • Diseases of heart, lung and liver • Neurodegenerative disease • Repair of traumatic damage • Replacement of worn-out joints and organs Engineering + medicine – Restore function to damaged or diseased organs and tissues – Robotic surgery – Remote monitoring – Non-invasive imaging

Imaging Imaging Imaging brain activity in a premature infant by functional MRI Brain activated by visual stimulation

3. Sustainability and surviving Climate Change Climate change will have huge impacts • Ability to inhabit low-lying areas – mass migrations from areas such as Bangladesh • Damage and property loss from storms and floods • Productivity of farms, forests, & fisheries • Demand for energy-consuming aids • Biodiversity changes • Geographical distribution of disease Grantham Institute for Climate Change • Quantifying climate change – e.g. applied modelling and computing • Identifying global impact – e.g. biodiversity and ecological changes • Mitigation technologies – e.g. carbon capture

Sustainable energy • Energy Futures Laboratory • Sandro Macchietto

Trends: Our science in the next 50 years • Basic sciences – smaller and smaller + bigger and bigger • Medicine – prognosis + prevention + regeneration / repair + access to health technologies • Engineering – sensing + miniaturisation + integration • Computing – simulation, artificial intelligence, massive increase in speed and scale, integration with human physiology

How will we be seen? 1907: …. to give the highest specialised instruction and to provide the 2007: Imperial College embodies & fullest equipment for the most advanced training and research in education delivers world-class scholarship, various 2057: Imperial College is a leader in the and branches in science, especially and research of science engineering in its application toparticular regard to their to the medicine, with industry and medicine application of science application in industry, commerce and society. solution of major problems facing healthcare. We fosterare at the forefront of Imperial’s people interdisciplinary working internally and collaborate widely are scientific discovery and innovation and externally of choice for governments, partners commerce and industry across the world.

Thank you 78

1945 Fleming and Chain Fleming, Chain and Florey Discovery and subsequent development of penicillin

Dennis Gabor Holography “The future does not need to be foretold but invented”

Imperial College: past, present and future

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